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1. |
Ecology deals with the study of: |
A. | Living beings |
B. | Living and non living components |
C. | Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components |
D. | Environment |
Answer» C. Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components |
2. |
Autecology deals with |
A. | Ecology of species |
B. | Ecology of many species |
C. | Ecology of community |
D. | All the above |
Answer» A. Ecology of species |
3. |
Synecology deals with |
A. | Ecology of many species |
B. | Ecology of many populations |
C. | Ecology of community |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» C. Ecology of community |
4. |
Ecotype is a type of species in which environmentally induced variations are |
A. | Temporary |
B. | Genetically fixed |
C. | Genetically not related |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» B. Genetically fixed |
5. |
The term ‘Biocoenosis’ was proposed by |
A. | Transley |
B. | Carl Mobius |
C. | Warming |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» B. Carl Mobius |
6. |
The pyramid of energy in any ecosystem is |
A. | Always upright |
B. | May be upright or invented |
C. | Always inverted |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» A. Always upright |
7. |
Energy flow in ecosystem is |
A. | Unidirectional |
B. | Bidirectional |
C. | Multidirectional |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» A. Unidirectional |
8. |
An ecosystem must have continuous external source of |
A. | minerals |
B. | energy |
C. | food |
D. | All of the above |
Answer» B. energy |
9. |
The source of energy in an ecosystem is |
A. | ATP |
B. | Sunlight |
D. | N.A |
Answer» B. Sunlight |
10. |
Trophic levels are formed by |
A. | Only plants |
B. | only animals |
C. | Only carnivorous |
D. | Organisms linked in food chain |
Answer» D. Organisms linked in food chain |
11. |
Biotic potential is counteracted by |
A. | Competition with other organisms |
B. | Producer is the largest |
C. | Limitation of food supply |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» D. None of the above |
12. |
Definition of ecosystem is |
A. | The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live |
B. | The abiotic component of a habitat |
C. | The part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living organisms |
D. | A community of organisms interacting with one another |
Answer» A. The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live |
13. |
In a food chain of grassland ecosystem the top consumers are |
A. | Herbivorous |
B. | Carnivorous |
C. | Bacteria |
D. | Either carnivorous or herbivorous |
Answer» B. Carnivorous |
14. |
MAB stands for |
A. | Man and biosphere |
B. | Man, antibiotics and bacteria |
C. | Man and biotic community |
D. | Mayer, Anderson and Bisby |
Answer» A. Man and biosphere |
15. |
Species that occur in different geographical regions separated by special barrier are: |
A. | Allopatric |
B. | Sympatric |
C. | Sibling |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» A. Allopatric |
16. |
Which one is true? |
A. | symbiosis when neither population affects each other |
B. | symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations |
C. | commensalism when none of the interacting populations affect each other |
D. | commensalism when the interaction is useful to both the populations |
Answer» B. symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations |
17. |
A high density of elephant population in an area can result in |
A. | mutualism |
B. | Intraspecific competition |
C. | Interspecific competition |
D. | Predation on one another |
Answer» B. Intraspecific competition |
18. |
Barnacles growing on the back of whale is an example for |
A. | mutualism |
B. | parasitism |
C. | amensalism |
D. | commensalism |
Answer» D. commensalism |
19. |
Pencillium does not swallow the growth of bacterium Staphylococcus. This sort of relationship is called |
A. | commensalism |
B. | predation |
C. | amensalism |
D. | mutualism |
Answer» C. amensalism |
20. |
Symbiosis is shown by |
A. | E.coli |
B. | Cuscuta |
C. | Rafflesia |
D. | Monotropa |
Answer» A. E.coli |
21. |
When both partners are affected negatively the nature of interaction is |
A. | commensalism |
B. | competition |
C. | predation |
D. | amensalism |
Answer» B. competition |
22. |
An association between two individuals or populations where both are benefitted and where neither can survive without the other is |
A. | competition |
B. | commensalism |
C. | mutualism |
D. | protocoperation |
Answer» C. mutualism |
23. |
Which of the following interactions will not promote co evolution? |
A. | commensalism |
B. | mutualism |
C. | parasitism |
D. | interspecific competition |
Answer» A. commensalism |
24. |
The effect of interspecific competition on niches is to make them |
A. | larger |
B. | smaller |
C. | more triangular |
D. | change location |
Answer» B. smaller |
25. |
Mycorrhiza represents |
A. | symbiotic association between a fungus and liverworts |
B. | parasitic association between a fungus and an alga |
C. | parasitic association between a fungus and roots of plants |
D. | symbiotic association between a fungus and roots of higher plants . |
Answer» D. symbiotic association between a fungus and roots of higher plants . |
26. |
The pioneers in xerach succession is the |
A. | crustose lichen |
B. | mosses |
C. | foliose lichen |
D. | shrubs |
Answer» A. crustose lichen |
27. |
The final stable community in an ecological succession is called the |
A. | final community |
B. | ultimate community |
C. | climax community |
D. | seral community |
Answer» C. climax community |
28. |
The process of successful establishment of the species in a new area is called |
A. | sere |
B. | climax |
C. | invasion |
D. | ecesis |
Answer» D. ecesis |
29. |
The formation of a climax community from an abandoned farm land is a an example of |
A. | Autogenic succession |
B. | allogenic successsion |
C. | primary succession |
D. | secondary succession |
Answer» D. secondary succession |
30. |
Succession initiated on large sand deposits or deserts is called |
A. | hydrosere |
B. | psammosere |
C. | xerosere |
D. | oxylosere |
Answer» B. psammosere |
31. |
The development of a bare area without any life form is called |
A. | nudation |
B. | ecesis |
C. | sere |
D. | reaction |
Answer» A. nudation |
32. |
The conversion of a pond to a climax forest community is an example of |
A. | xerarch succession |
B. | mesarch succession |
C. | hydrarch succession |
D. | all of these |
Answer» C. hydrarch succession |
33. |
The intermediate developmental stages in the ecological succession is called |
A. | sere |
B. | ecesis |
C. | climax |
D. | nudation |
Answer» A. sere |
34. |
All the statements are correct regarding ecological succession except |
A. | It is a random process |
B. | Species diversity increases as succession proceeds |
C. | The food chain relationships becomes more complex |
D. | The role of decomposers becomes more and more important |
Answer» A. It is a random process |
35. |
The order of succession in a lithosere or xerosere is |
A. | Foliose lichen stage->Crustose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community) |
B. | Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community) |
C. | Moss stage ->Foilose lichen stage-> Crustose lichen stage ->herbstage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community) |
D. | Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage-> ->shrubstage-> herb stage->forest stage (climax community) |
Answer» B. Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community) |
36. |
The order of succession in a hydrosere is |
A. | Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest |
B. | Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton->Free floating stage-> SedgeMeadow stage-> Reed swamp stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest |
C. | phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage-> wood land stage-> Sedge Meadow stage-> Climax forest |
D. | phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest |
Answer» D. phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest |
37. |
The pyramid of numbers is inverted in the case of |
A. | parasitic food chain |
B. | Grassland ecosystem |
C. | Forest ecosystem |
D. | lake ecosystem |
Answer» A. parasitic food chain |
38. |
The concept of ecological pyramid was first proposed by |
A. | E.P. Odum |
B. | A.G. Tansley |
C. | Juday |
D. | Charles Elton |
Answer» D. Charles Elton |
39. |
The pyramid of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is |
A. | upright |
B. | inverted |
C. | spindle shaped |
D. | irregular |
Answer» A. upright |
40. |
Which of the following ecological pyramid is always upright? |
A. | Pyramid of energy |
B. | Pyramid of number |
C. | Pyramid of biomass |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. Pyramid of energy |
41. |
The pyramid of numbers in a single tree is |
A. | upright |
B. | inverted |
C. | spindle shaped |
D. | none of these |
Answer» C. spindle shaped |
42. |
A graphic representation of number of individuals of different species belonging to each trophic level in a an ecosystem is known as |
A. | ecological pyramid |
B. | pyramid of biomass |
C. | pyramid of number |
D. | pyramid of energy |
Answer» C. pyramid of number |
43. |
The pyramid of biomass is inverted in |
A. | forest ecosystem |
B. | grassland ecosystem |
C. | fresh water ecosystem |
D. | tundra |
Answer» C. fresh water ecosystem |
44. |
In pond ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is |
A. | upright |
B. | inverted |
C. | spindle shaped |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. inverted |
45. |
In grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is |
A. | upright |
B. | inverted |
C. | spindle shaped |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. upright |
46. |
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding ecological pyramids |
A. | The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem |
B. | The pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystem |
C. | The pyramid of numbers is upright in grass land ecosystem |
D. | The pyramid of biomass is upright in grass land ecosystem |
Answer» A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem |
47. |
Organisms having the potential for interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is called |
A. | Class |
B. | Order |
C. | Genus |
D. | Species |
Answer» D. Species |
48. |
A group of individuals of a plant or animal species, inhabiting a given area is called |
A. | Biome |
B. | Population |
C. | Ecosystem |
D. | Community |
Answer» B. Population |
49. |
Climate includes |
A. | Seasonal variation |
B. | General patterns of atmosphere conditions |
C. | Average weather of an area |
D. | All of these |
Answer» D. All of these |
50. |
The maintenance of relatively constant internal environment is called |
A. | Homeostasis |
B. | Exotherms |
C. | Homeobox |
D. | Endotherms |
Answer» A. Homeostasis |
51. |
Ultraviolet radiation which is not lethal but harm to the organism is |
A. | 0.1 to 0.28 µm |
B. | 0.28-0.32 µm |
C. | 0.32-0.4 µm |
D. | 0.4-0.5 µm |
Answer» B. 0.28-0.32 µm |
52. |
Ecological niche of an organism represents |
A. | The resource it utilizes |
B. | Functional role in the ecological system |
C. | The range of conditions that it can tolerate |
D. | all of these |
Answer» D. all of these |
53. |
Respiratory roots are known as |
A. | velamen |
B. | pneumatophores |
C. | hydathodes |
D. | prop roots |
Answer» B. pneumatophores |
54. |
The gradual physiological adjustment to slowly changing new environmental conditions is known as |
A. | Selection |
B. | Introduction |
C. | Acclimatization |
D. | Quarantine |
Answer» C. Acclimatization |
55. |
Upper layer of water in a single body of water is known as |
A. | Hypolimnion |
B. | Epilimnion |
C. | thermocline |
D. | Hydroline |
Answer» B. Epilimnion |
56. |
The lower limit of water availability is soil is known as |
A. | field capacity |
B. | Hypolimnion |
C. | thermocline |
D. | wilting point |
Answer» D. wilting point |
57. |
MAB program stands for |
A. | Man and biotechnology |
B. | Material and biology |
C. | Man and Biology |
D. | Man and Biosphere |
Answer» D. Man and Biosphere |
58. |
Red data book contains data of |
A. | all plant species |
B. | all animal species |
C. | economically important species |
D. | threatened species |
Answer» D. threatened species |
59. |
IUCN (The International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources) headquarters is at |
A. | Morges, Switzerland |
B. | Paris, France |
C. | Vienna, Austria |
D. | NewYork, USA |
Answer» A. Morges, Switzerland |
60. |
IUCN is also called as |
A. | Man and Biosphere program |
B. | World Conservation Union |
C. | World Conservation Consortium |
D. | World Wide Conservation Union |
Answer» B. World Conservation Union |
61. |
Which of the following region has maximum diversity |
A. | mangrooves |
B. | temperate rainforest |
C. | taiga |
D. | coral reefs |
Answer» D. coral reefs |
62. |
Approximately, 50% of total world species are present on |
A. | tropical rain forest |
B. | temperate rain forest |
C. | temperate deciduous forest |
D. | coral reefs |
Answer» A. tropical rain forest |
63. |
Biodiversity |
A. | increases towards the equator |
B. | decreases towards the equator |
C. | remains same throughout the planet |
D. | has no effect on change in latitude |
Answer» A. increases towards the equator |
64. |
The most important reason for decrease in biodiversity is |
A. | habitat pollution |
B. | introduction of exotic species |
C. | over-exploitation |
D. | habitat destruction |
Answer» D. habitat destruction |
65. |
Dodo is |
A. | endangered |
B. | critically endangered |
C. | rare |
D. | extinct |
Answer» D. extinct |
66. |
Blue whale is placed under |
A. | endangered |
B. | critically endangered |
C. | rare |
D. | extinct |
Answer» A. endangered |
67. |
Conservation within the natural habitat is |
A. | insitu conservation |
B. | exsitu conservation |
C. | invivo conservation |
D. | exvivo conservation |
Answer» A. insitu conservation |
68. |
All are insitu conservation efforts except |
A. | National parks |
B. | Sanctuaries |
C. | Zoo |
D. | biosphere reserves |
Answer» C. Zoo |
69. |
Ex situ conservation includes |
A. | Zoo |
B. | Botanic garden |
C. | Germplasm bank |
D. | all of the above |
Answer» D. all of the above |
70. |
Hot spots are regions of high |
A. | rarity |
B. | endemism |
C. | critically endangered population |
D. | diversity |
Answer» B. endemism |
71. |
Endemic species are |
A. | rare species |
B. | species localised in a specific region |
C. | cosmopolitan in distribution |
D. | critically endangered species |
Answer» B. species localised in a specific region |
72. |
What is the animal symbol of W. W. F (World Wildlife Fund) ? |
A. | Red Panda |
B. | Giant Panda |
C. | Tiger |
D. | Kangaroo |
Answer» B. Giant Panda |
73. |
The most important human activity, leading to the extinction of wildlife, is |
A. | Pollution of wildlife, is |
B. | Hunting for valuable wildlife products |
C. | Introduction of alien species |
D. | Alternation and destruction of the natural habitats |
Answer» D. Alternation and destruction of the natural habitats |
74. |
If we uncover half of the forest, covering of the earth, what crisis will be produced at most and at first? |
A. | Some species will be extincted |
B. | Population and ecological imbalance will rise up |
C. | Energy crisis will occur |
D. | Rest half forests will maintain this imbalance |
Answer» A. Some species will be extincted |
75. |
When is the World Wildlife week ? |
A. | First week of September |
B. | Last week of September |
C. | First week of October |
D. | Last week of October |
Answer» C. First week of October |
76. |
Red Data Book Provides data on |
A. | Red flowered plants |
B. | Red colored fishes |
C. | Lists of plants and animals |
D. | Endangered plants and animals |
Answer» D. Endangered plants and animals |
77. |
Wild life is continuously decreasing. What is the main reason of this? |
A. | Predation |
B. | Cutting down of forest |
C. | Destruction of habitat |
D. | Hunting |
Answer» C. Destruction of habitat |
78. |
What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife number? |
A. | Felling of trees |
B. | Cannibalism |
C. | Habitat destruction |
D. | Paucity of drinking water |
Answer» C. Habitat destruction |
79. |
Viable material of endangered species can be preserved by |
A. | Gene bank |
B. | Gene library |
C. | Gene pool |
D. | Herbarium |
Answer» A. Gene bank |
80. |
Which group of vertebrates comprises the highest number of endangered species? |
A. | Mammals |
B. | Fishes |
C. | Birds |
D. | Reptiles |
Answer» A. Mammals |
81. |
Which of the following is mainly responsible for the extinction of wild life |
A. | Pollution of air and water |
B. | Hunting of flesh |
C. | Destruction of Habitats |
D. | All of these |
Answer» D. All of these |
82. |
The unfavourable alteration of environment due to human activities is termed as |
A. | ecological disturbance |
B. | catastrophe |
C. | ecological degradation |
D. | pollution |
Answer» D. pollution |
83. |
Which of the following is the best indicator of SO2 pollution |
A. | bryophyte |
B. | pteridophyte |
C. | Lichen |
D. | algae |
Answer» C. Lichen |
84. |
Heavy dust can cause |
A. | leaf blights |
B. | opening of stomata |
C. | closure of stomata |
D. | browning of leaves |
Answer» C. closure of stomata |
85. |
Which of the following is the major cause of pollution |
A. | plants |
B. | man |
C. | fungi |
D. | hydrocarbon gases |
Answer» D. hydrocarbon gases |
86. |
Minamata disease was caused by pollution of water by |
A. | mercury |
B. | lead |
C. | tin |
D. | methyl iso cyanate |
Answer» A. mercury |
87. |
BOD stands for |
A. | biotic oxidation demand |
B. | biological oxidation demand |
C. | biological oxygen demand |
D. | biochemical oxygen demand |
Answer» C. biological oxygen demand |
88. |
A river with high BOD value is |
A. | highly polluted |
B. | highly clean |
C. | highly productive |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. highly polluted |
89. |
5th June is observed as |
A. | world forest day |
B. | world environment day |
C. | world wildlife day |
D. | world population day |
Answer» B. world environment day |
90. |
Cement factory labourers are prone to |
A. | leukemia |
B. | bone marrow disease |
C. | asbestosis |
D. | cytosilicosis |
Answer» D. cytosilicosis |
91. |
Noise is measured using sound meter and the unit is |
A. | hertz |
B. | decibel |
C. | joule |
D. | sound |
Answer» B. decibel |
92. |
The undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land and water is referred as |
A. | pollutants |
B. | ecodestructions |
C. | pollution |
D. | all of these |
Answer» C. pollution |
93. |
Which of the radioactive material is largely associated with bone cancer |
A. | radium-226 |
B. | thorium-232 |
C. | Strontium-90 |
D. | iodine |
Answer» C. Strontium-90 |
94. |
Lead poisoning |
A. | reduces O2 carrying capacity of haemoglobin in blood |
B. | increases O2 carrying capacity of haemoglobin in blood |
C. | reduces O2 carrying capacity of myoglobin in muscles |
D. | increases O2 carrying capacity of myoglobin in muscles |
Answer» A. reduces O2 carrying capacity of haemoglobin in blood |
95. |
Acid rain contains |
A. | sulphuric acid |
B. | nitric acid |
C. | both a and b |
D. | sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid |
Answer» C. both a and b |
96. |
The occurrence of pesticides like DDT in higher trophic levels is termed as |
A. | bioremediation |
B. | biomagnification |
C. | biological enhancement |
D. | biopollution |
Answer» B. biomagnification |
97. |
Earth summit was held in |
A. | Stockholm in 1972 |
B. | Rio de Jeneiro in 1992 |
C. | Paris in 1992 |
D. | New York in 1972 |
Answer» B. Rio de Jeneiro in 1992 |
98. |
All are physical pollutants except |
A. | heat |
B. | sound |
C. | radiations |
D. | soot |
Answer» D. soot |
99. |
All are primary pollutants except |
A. | Ammonia |
B. | Peroxy Acyl Nitrate (PAN) |
C. | sulphur dioxide |
D. | hydrogen sulphide |
Answer» B. Peroxy Acyl Nitrate (PAN) |
100. |
Pollutants that are introduced into the environment by human activity are called as |
A. | qualitative pollutants |
B. | quantitative pollutants |
C. | anthropogenic pollutants |
D. | all of these |
Answer» A. qualitative pollutants |
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