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140+ Environmental Science and Ecology Solved MCQs

These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) .

1.

Ecology deals with the study of:

A. Living beings
B. Living and non living components
C. Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components
D. Environment
Answer» C. Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components
2.

Autecology deals with

A. Ecology of species
B. Ecology of many species
C. Ecology of community
D. All the above
Answer» A. Ecology of species
3.

Synecology deals with

A. Ecology of many species
B. Ecology of many populations
C. Ecology of community
D. None of the above
Answer» C. Ecology of community
4.

Ecotype is a type of species in which environmentally induced variations are

A. Temporary
B. Genetically fixed
C. Genetically not related
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Genetically fixed
5.

The term ‘Biocoenosis’ was proposed by

A. Transley
B. Carl Mobius
C. Warming
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Carl Mobius
6.

The pyramid of energy in any ecosystem is

A. Always upright
B. May be upright or invented
C. Always inverted
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Always upright
7.

Energy flow in ecosystem is

A. Unidirectional
B. Bidirectional
C. Multidirectional
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Unidirectional
8.

An ecosystem must have continuous external source of

A. minerals
B. energy
C. food
D. All of the above
Answer» B. energy
9.

The source of energy in an ecosystem is

A. ATP
B. Sunlight
D. N.A
Answer» B. Sunlight
10.

Trophic levels are formed by

A. Only plants
B. only animals
C. Only carnivorous
D. Organisms linked in food chain
Answer» D. Organisms linked in food chain
11.

Biotic potential is counteracted by

A. Competition with other organisms
B. Producer is the largest
C. Limitation of food supply
D. None of the above
Answer» D. None of the above
12.

Definition of ecosystem is

A. The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
B. The abiotic component of a habitat
C. The part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living organisms
D. A community of organisms interacting with one another
Answer» A. The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
13.

In a food chain of grassland ecosystem the top consumers are

A. Herbivorous
B. Carnivorous
C. Bacteria
D. Either carnivorous or herbivorous
Answer» B. Carnivorous
14.

MAB stands for

A. Man and biosphere
B. Man, antibiotics and bacteria
C. Man and biotic community
D. Mayer, Anderson and Bisby
Answer» A. Man and biosphere
15.

Species that occur in different geographical regions separated by special barrier are:

A. Allopatric
B. Sympatric
C. Sibling
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Allopatric
16.

Which one is true?

A. symbiosis when neither population affects each other
B. symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations
C. commensalism when none of the interacting populations affect each other
D. commensalism when the interaction is useful to both the populations
Answer» B. symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations
17.

A high density of elephant population in an area can result in

A. mutualism
B. Intraspecific competition
C. Interspecific competition
D. Predation on one another
Answer» B. Intraspecific competition
18.

Barnacles growing on the back of whale is an example for

A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. amensalism
D. commensalism
Answer» D. commensalism
19.

Pencillium does not swallow the growth of bacterium Staphylococcus. This sort of relationship is called

A. commensalism
B. predation
C. amensalism
D. mutualism
Answer» C. amensalism
20.

Symbiosis is shown by

A. E.coli
B. Cuscuta
C. Rafflesia
D. Monotropa
Answer» A. E.coli
21.

When both partners are affected negatively the nature of interaction is

A. commensalism
B. competition
C. predation
D. amensalism
Answer» B. competition
22.

An association between two individuals or populations where both are benefitted and where neither can survive without the other is

A. competition
B. commensalism
C. mutualism
D. protocoperation
Answer» C. mutualism
23.

Which of the following interactions will not promote co evolution?

A. commensalism
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. interspecific competition
Answer» A. commensalism
24.

The effect of interspecific competition on niches is to make them

A. larger
B. smaller
C. more triangular
D. change location
Answer» B. smaller
25.

Mycorrhiza represents

A. symbiotic association between a fungus and liverworts
B. parasitic association between a fungus and an alga
C. parasitic association between a fungus and roots of plants
D. symbiotic association between a fungus and roots of higher plants .
Answer» D. symbiotic association between a fungus and roots of higher plants .
26.

The pioneers in xerach succession is the

A. crustose lichen
B. mosses
C. foliose lichen
D. shrubs
Answer» A. crustose lichen
27.

The final stable community in an ecological succession is called the

A. final community
B. ultimate community
C. climax community
D. seral community
Answer» C. climax community
28.

The process of successful establishment of the species in a new area is called

A. sere
B. climax
C. invasion
D. ecesis
Answer» D. ecesis
29.

The formation of a climax community from an abandoned farm land is a an example of

A. Autogenic succession
B. allogenic successsion
C. primary succession
D. secondary succession
Answer» D. secondary succession
30.

Succession initiated on large sand deposits or deserts is called

A. hydrosere
B. psammosere
C. xerosere
D. oxylosere
Answer» B. psammosere
31.

The development of a bare area without any life form is called

A. nudation
B. ecesis
C. sere
D. reaction
Answer» A. nudation
32.

The conversion of a pond to a climax forest community is an example of

A. xerarch succession
B. mesarch succession
C. hydrarch succession
D. all of these
Answer» C. hydrarch succession
33.

The intermediate developmental stages in the ecological succession is called

A. sere
B. ecesis
C. climax
D. nudation
Answer» A. sere
34.

All the statements are correct regarding ecological succession except

A. It is a random process
B. Species diversity increases as succession proceeds
C. The food chain relationships becomes more complex
D. The role of decomposers becomes more and more important
Answer» A. It is a random process
35.

The order of succession in a lithosere or xerosere is

A. Foliose lichen stage->Crustose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
B. Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
C. Moss stage ->Foilose lichen stage-> Crustose lichen stage ->herbstage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
D. Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage-> ->shrubstage-> herb stage->forest stage (climax community)
Answer» B. Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
36.

The order of succession in a hydrosere is

A. Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest
B. Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton->Free floating stage-> SedgeMeadow stage-> Reed swamp stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest
C. phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage-> wood land stage-> Sedge Meadow stage-> Climax forest
D. phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest
Answer» D. phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants->Free floating stage->Reedswamp stage->Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage-> Climax forest
37.

The pyramid of numbers is inverted in the case of

A. parasitic food chain
B. Grassland ecosystem
C. Forest ecosystem
D. lake ecosystem
Answer» A. parasitic food chain
38.

The concept of ecological pyramid was first proposed by

A. E.P. Odum
B. A.G. Tansley
C. Juday
D. Charles Elton
Answer» D. Charles Elton
39.

The pyramid of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is

A. upright
B. inverted
C. spindle shaped
D. irregular
Answer» A. upright
40.

Which of the following ecological pyramid is always upright?

A. Pyramid of energy
B. Pyramid of number
C. Pyramid of biomass
D. none of these
Answer» A. Pyramid of energy
41.

The pyramid of numbers in a single tree is

A. upright
B. inverted
C. spindle shaped
D. none of these
Answer» C. spindle shaped
42.

A graphic representation of number of individuals of different species belonging to each trophic level in a an ecosystem is known as

A. ecological pyramid
B. pyramid of biomass
C. pyramid of number
D. pyramid of energy
Answer» C. pyramid of number
43.

The pyramid of biomass is inverted in

A. forest ecosystem
B. grassland ecosystem
C. fresh water ecosystem
D. tundra
Answer» C. fresh water ecosystem
44.

In pond ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is

A. upright
B. inverted
C. spindle shaped
D. none of these
Answer» B. inverted
45.

In grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is

A. upright
B. inverted
C. spindle shaped
D. none of these
Answer» A. upright
46.

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding ecological pyramids

A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem
B. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystem
C. The pyramid of numbers is upright in grass land ecosystem
D. The pyramid of biomass is upright in grass land ecosystem
Answer» A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem
47.

Organisms having the potential for interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is called

A. Class
B. Order
C. Genus
D. Species
Answer» D. Species
48.

A group of individuals of a plant or animal species, inhabiting a given area is called

A. Biome
B. Population
C. Ecosystem
D. Community
Answer» B. Population
49.

Climate includes

A. Seasonal variation
B. General patterns of atmosphere conditions
C. Average weather of an area
D. All of these
Answer» D. All of these
50.

The maintenance of relatively constant internal environment is called

A. Homeostasis
B. Exotherms
C. Homeobox
D. Endotherms
Answer» A. Homeostasis

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