180+ Foundations of Sociology Solved MCQs

These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science (BA political science) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , Indian Administrative Service (IAS) .

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101.	The characteristic trait of militant societies is ______
A.	compulsion
B.	negotiation
C.	toleration
D.	accommodation
Answer» A. compulsion

102.	A friendship group composed of individuals of similar age and social status.
A.	categories
B.	peer group
C.	in-group
D.	triad
Answer» C. in-group

103.	Who is the author of ‗Spirit of the Laws‘?
A.	rousseau
B.	montesquieu
C.	simmel
D.	merton
Answer» B. montesquieu

104.	In _____________, interaction between individuals engaged in a common activity or a direct conversation with one another happens.
A.	unfocused
B.	direct
C.	formal
D.	focused
Answer» D. focused

105.	_____ type of society is based on voluntary cooperation and individual selfrestraint
A.	militant
B.	industrial
C.	simple
D.	primitive
Answer» B. industrial

106.	In which book has Spencer observed some similarities between biological and social organism?
A.	principles of sociology
B.	positive philosophy
C.	positive politics
D.	human society
Answer» A. principles of sociology

107.	Features of social life that challenges or creates tensions in a social system.
A.	dysfunction
B.	problems
C.	anarchy
D.	anomie
Answer» A. dysfunction

108.	Who introduced the concept of Social Class?
A.	comte
B.	spencer
C.	durkheim
D.	marx
Answer» D. marx

109.	Gemeinschaft is translated into English as ________.
A.	association
B.	community
C.	corporation
D.	institution
Answer» B. community

110.	________ is one of the most distinctive properties of human social association.
A.	culture
B.	society
C.	interaction
D.	group
Answer» A. culture

111.	Who introduced the concept of Alienation?
A.	comte
B.	spencer
C.	durkheim
D.	marx
Answer» D. marx

112.	According to Marx, ____ forces are the keys to underestimating society and social change
A.	social
B.	cultural
C.	political
D.	economic
Answer» D. economic

114.	The first Estate in the Estate system
A.	clergy
B.	nobles
C.	commoners
D.	labourers
Answer» A. clergy

115.	A social group is ______________ in nature.
A.	static
B.	dynamic
C.	spontaneous
D.	co-operative
Answer» B. dynamic

117.	_________ is any act that contravenes the laws established by a political authority.
A.	rejection
B.	innovation
C.	crime
D.	ritualism
Answer» C. crime

113.	Who introduced the Social Conflict perspectives in Sociology?
A.	comte
B.	spencer
C.	durkheim
D.	marx
Answer» D. marx

116.	Who believed that the history of human society has been that of class conflict?
A.	comte
B.	spencer
C.	durkheim
D.	marx
Answer» D. marx

118.	The system in which the labourer had nothing to sell but his/her own labour power.
A.	communism
B.	socialism
C.	capitalism
D.	nationalism
Answer» C. capitalism

119.	Name the reciprocal influence human beings exert on each other through interstimulation and response.
A.	social interaction
B.	social relation
C.	social groups
D.	co-operation
Answer» A. social interaction

120.	Which of the following books is authored by Marx?
A.	principles of sociology
B.	positive philosophy
C.	positive politics
D.	das kapital
Answer» D. das kapital

121.	Which of the following books is authored by Marx?
A.	principles of sociology
B.	positive philosophy
C.	positive politics
D.	the poverty of philosophy
Answer» D. the poverty of philosophy

122.	Relative deprivation is central to ____________ behavior.
A.	cultural
B.	urban
C.	individual
D.	reference group
Answer» D. reference group

123.	Which of the following books is authored by Marx?
A.	principles of sociology
B.	positive philosophy
C.	positive politics
D.	the german ideology
Answer» D. the german ideology

124.	Human beings organize themselves into groups called ___________, for the achievement of some object or goal.
A.	institutions
B.	community
C.	society
D.	none of the above
Answer» A. institutions

125.	______ includes everything that goes into the production of the necessities of life
A.	mode of production
B.	forces of production
C.	relations of production
D.	means of production
Answer» A. mode of production

180+ Foundations of Sociology Solved MCQs

The characteristic trait of militant societies is ______

A friendship group composed of individuals of similar age and social status.

Who is the author of ‗Spirit of the Laws‘?

In _____________, interaction between individuals engaged in a common activity or a direct conversation with one another happens.

_____ type of society is based on voluntary cooperation and individual selfrestraint

In which book has Spencer observed some similarities between biological and social organism?

Features of social life that challenges or creates tensions in a social system.

Who introduced the concept of Social Class?

Gemeinschaft is translated into English as ________.

________ is one of the most distinctive properties of human social association.

Who introduced the concept of Alienation?

According to Marx, ____ forces are the keys to underestimating society and social change

Who introduced the Social Conflict perspectives in Sociology?

The first Estate in the Estate system

A social group is ______________ in nature.

Who believed that the history of human society has been that of class conflict?

_________ is any act that contravenes the laws established by a political authority.

The system in which the labourer had nothing to sell but his/her own labour power.

Name the reciprocal influence human beings exert on each other through interstimulation and response.

Which of the following books is authored by Marx?

Which of the following books is authored by Marx?

Relative deprivation is central to ____________ behavior.

Which of the following books is authored by Marx?

Human beings organize themselves into groups called ___________, for the achievement of some object or goal.

______ includes everything that goes into the production of the necessities of life

Structure is useless without __________.

Name the control of society over individual.

______ refers to the relationship between those who own the means of production and those who do not

The concept of ______was based on the ideology that society will gradually improve on the basis that the ‗fittest‘ will be the most successful and therefore ‗survive‘.

Any form of social encounter between individuals is termed as ____________.

______ refers to the physical means and techniques of production to which laborers add value and transform capital into products for sale

Which of the following modes of production is said to be classless?

The core of a culture is formed by ___________.

The Enlightenment is associated with which of the following thinkers

In which of the following modes of production is the primary form of property possession of land in reciprocal contract relations?

In which of the following modes of production is the primary form of property the possession of objects and services through state guaranteed contract?

______________ is a characteristic of in-group.

Which of the following books is authored by Marx?

Name one American sociologist, who is known as the founder of behavioral sociology and exchange theory.

Who defined sociology as the study of societal evolution?

_______are the sum total of social relations which human beings establish among themselves in the production of their material lives

The __________ groups are characterized by sympathetic contact.

For Marx, the analysis of social order and the causes of social change must be discovered in the specific _______that a society has

_____ shapes the mode of distribution, circulation and consumption, and is regulated by the state

The ruling class in Feudalism is usually _______

Contradictory demands of different roles individuals perform is termed as

In which mode of production is the primary form of exploitation wage labour?

Social exchange theory was introduced by _____________.

The ruling class in Capitalism is________

In Capitalism, it is the _______ who exploit the proletariat

The concept of ______was based on the ideology that society will gradually
improve on the basis that the ‗fittest‘ will be the most successful and therefore
‗survive‘.

126.	Structure is useless without __________.
A.	role
B.	order
C.	function
D.	status
Answer» C. function

127.	Name the control of society over individual.
A.	custom
B.	social control
C.	state
D.	sanction
Answer» B. social control

128.	______ refers to the relationship between those who own the means of production and those who do not
A.	mode of production
B.	forces of production
C.	relations of production
D.	means of production
Answer» C. relations of production

129.	The concept of ______was based on the ideology that society will gradually improve on the basis that the ‗fittest‘ will be the most successful and therefore ‗survive‘.
A.	social imperialism
B.	social marxism
C.	social colonialism
D.	social darwinism
Answer» D. social darwinism

130.	Any form of social encounter between individuals is termed as ____________.
A.	conflict
B.	social interaction
C.	deviance
D.	none of the above
Answer» B. social interaction

131.	______ refers to the physical means and techniques of production to which laborers add value and transform capital into products for sale
A.	mode of production
B.	forces of production
C.	relations of production
D.	means of production
Answer» B. forces of production

132.	Which of the following modes of production is said to be classless?
A.	primitive communism
B.	slavery
C.	feudalism
D.	capitalism
Answer» A. primitive communism

133.	The core of a culture is formed by ___________.
A.	art
B.	values
C.	technology
D.	traditions
Answer» B. values

134.	The Enlightenment is associated with which of the following thinkers
A.	merton
B.	parsons
C.	simmel
D.	voltaire
Answer» D. voltaire

135.	In which of the following modes of production is the primary form of property possession of land in reciprocal contract relations?
A.	primitive communism
B.	slavery
C.	feudalism
D.	capitalism
Answer» C. feudalism