180+ Foundations of Sociology Solved MCQs

These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science (BA political science) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , Indian Administrative Service (IAS) .

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1.	Impersonal and transitory interaction exists in ___________ groups.
A.	primary
B.	in-group
C.	social
D.	secondary
Answer» D. secondary

2.	The Enlightenment was in many respects a renaissance of __________
A.	scientific thought
B.	blind belief
C.	superstition
D.	religious belief
Answer» A. scientific thought

3.	_____ granted citizens individual freedoms and removed old established orders such as the church and crown, and gave people a new perspective of the worldand the society in which they live
A.	french revolution
B.	scientific revolution
C.	industrial revolution
D.	russian revolution
Answer» A. french revolution

4.	Amalgamation favors the process of ____________.
A.	acculturation
B.	diffusion
C.	assimilation
D.	none of the above
Answer» C. assimilation

5.	Urbanisation and ______led to the emergence of the working class as a large and powerful body, which led to the birth of Marxism, and gave people a new perspective and relationship with the society they lived in
A.	industrialisation
B.	modernisation
C.	westernisation
D.	sanskritisation
Answer» A. industrialisation

6.	Sociological ___________ allows people to see the relationship between their personal experiences and broader social and historical events.
A.	consciousness
B.	imagination
C.	questions
D.	theory
Answer» B. imagination

7.	The second Estate in the Estate system
A.	clergy
B.	nobles
C.	commoners
D.	labourers
Answer» B. nobles

8.	The material and non-material components of culture are often referred to as the _________ of culture.
A.	theme
B.	combination
C.	content
D.	concept
Answer» C. content

9.	The power of _______ was based on the Church
A.	clergy
B.	nobles
C.	commoners
D.	labourers
Answer» A. clergy

10.	___________ culture is communicated mostly to the like-minded.
A.	non-material
B.	explicit
C.	material
D.	utilitarian
Answer» A. non-material

11.	____ served as councillors to the royalty, diplomats and governors
A.	clergy
B.	nobles
C.	commoners
D.	labourers
Answer» B. nobles

12.	Surplus extraction was carried out by the impersonal laws of the market in ___
A.	feudalism
B.	capitalism
C.	socialism
D.	communism
Answer» B. capitalism

14.	A group to which individuals refer when making judgments.
A.	voluntary group
B.	membership group
C.	in-group
D.	reference group
Answer» D. reference group

15.	The intellectual movement called ―The Enlightenment‖ is usually associated with the ______
A.	15th century
B.	16th century
C.	17th century
D.	18th century
Answer» D. 18th century

16.	The Enlightenment is associated with which of the following thinkers
A.	merton
B.	parsons
C.	simmel
D.	diderot
Answer» D. diderot

13.	Identify a slow and gradual process from the following.
A.	assimilation
B.	acculturation
C.	integration
D.	diffusion
Answer» A. assimilation

17.	―Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they.‖ Name the book which opens with these lines
A.	positive philosophy
B.	das capital
C.	the social contract
D.	the city
Answer» C. the social contract

18.	The basic unit of cultural reality is the cultural __________.
A.	complex
B.	trait
C.	theme
D.	construct
Answer» B. trait

19.	In a democracy, the ______ are sovereign
A.	people
B.	relationships
C.	roles
D.	positions
Answer» A. people

20.	Cultural __________ are nothing but larger clusters of traits organized about some nuclear point of reference.
A.	complex
B.	patterns
C.	elements
D.	traits
Answer» A. complex

21.	____________ is the spread of a culture pattern from one culture area to another.
A.	acculturation
B.	assimilation
C.	enculturation
D.	culture diffusion
Answer» D. culture diffusion

22.	Non-conformity to a set of norms is known as __________.
A.	crime
B.	habit
C.	deviance
D.	none of the above
Answer» C. deviance

23.	The spirit of extreme _____ arises when the people are no longer content to be equal as citizens, but want to be equal in every respect
A.	inequality
B.	equality
C.	neutrality
D.	sovereignity
Answer» B. equality

24.	__________ constitute the treasury of our social heritage.
A.	norms
B.	folkways
C.	customs
D.	laws
Answer» C. customs

25.	In _____ , one part of the people governs the rest
A.	aristocracy
B.	despotism
C.	laissez faire
D.	communism
Answer» A. aristocracy

180+ Foundations of Sociology Solved MCQs

Impersonal and transitory interaction exists in ___________ groups.

The Enlightenment was in many respects a renaissance of __________

_____ granted citizens individual freedoms and removed old established orders such as the church and crown, and gave people a new perspective of the worldand the society in which they live

Amalgamation favors the process of ____________.

Urbanisation and ______led to the emergence of the working class as a large and powerful body, which led to the birth of Marxism, and gave people a new perspective and relationship with the society they lived in

Sociological ___________ allows people to see the relationship between their personal experiences and broader social and historical events.

The second Estate in the Estate system

The material and non-material components of culture are often referred to as the _________ of culture.

The power of _______ was based on the Church

___________ culture is communicated mostly to the like-minded.

____ served as councillors to the royalty, diplomats and governors

Surplus extraction was carried out by the impersonal laws of the market in ___

Identify a slow and gradual process from the following.

A group to which individuals refer when making judgments.

The intellectual movement called ―The Enlightenment‖ is usually associated with the ______

The Enlightenment is associated with which of the following thinkers

―Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they.‖ Name the book which opens with these lines

The basic unit of cultural reality is the cultural __________.

In a democracy, the ______ are sovereign

Cultural __________ are nothing but larger clusters of traits organized about some nuclear point of reference.

____________ is the spread of a culture pattern from one culture area to another.

Non-conformity to a set of norms is known as __________.

The spirit of extreme _____ arises when the people are no longer content to be equal as citizens, but want to be equal in every respect

__________ constitute the treasury of our social heritage.

In _____ , one part of the people governs the rest

The _____________ status is the position assigned to an individual without reference to his innate differences and abilities.

The opinion held by people on any issue for the welfare of the whole community.

_____________ is the integrated system of learned behavior patterns.

_______ is the virtue which leads those who govern in an aristocracy to restrain themselves both from oppressing the people and from trying to acquire excessive power over one another

The components of material culture are __________ and objective.

_____________ is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one‘s own culture.

The principle of democracy is _______

The study of large scale organizations or social systems belongs to _________ sociology.

Who was the first to use the term sociology as a way of studying the world in terms of society?

Name the culturally based tendency to value other cultures more highly than one‘s own.

For Tonnies, ___________ is the form of social cohesion prevalent in pre-industrial societies.

Which is not a characteristic of groups?

Who among the following could be considered as an enlightenment philosopher?

The principle of despotism is _____

Knowledge is an example of ______________ culture.

Functionalism and conflict theories tend towards ________ sociological analysis.

__________ implies a value-judgement about the folkways.

______ had introduced the concept of ―industrialization‖

Saint-Simon is a primary figure of ______

The long established habits and usages of people

The society maintains its order by means of __________ system.

________ claimed that human beings enjoy natural rights over the political ones

Modes of action which do not conform to the norms of a society.

A social relationship in society involves __________ awareness.

_______ postulated everyone‘s right to a decent living standard and the right to human relations in the emerging urban and industrial society

_____ granted citizens individual freedoms and removed old established orders such as the church
and crown, and gave people a new perspective of
the worldand the society in which they live

Urbanisation and ______led to the emergence of the working class as a large
and powerful body, which led to the birth of Marxism, and gave people a new
perspective and relationship with the society they lived in

―Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Those who think
themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they.‖
Name the book which opens with these lines

_______ is the virtue which leads those who govern in an aristocracy to
restrain themselves both from oppressing the people and from trying to
acquire excessive power over one another

26.	The _____________ status is the position assigned to an individual without reference to his innate differences and abilities.
A.	social
B.	ascribed
C.	group
D.	achieved
Answer» B. ascribed

27.	The opinion held by people on any issue for the welfare of the whole community.
A.	personal opinion
B.	public opinion
C.	verdict
D.	petitions
Answer» B. public opinion

28.	_____________ is the integrated system of learned behavior patterns.
A.	culture
B.	group
C.	institution
D.	society
Answer» A. culture

29.	_______ is the virtue which leads those who govern in an aristocracy to restrain themselves both from oppressing the people and from trying to acquire excessive power over one another
A.	political virtue
B.	honour
C.	moderation
D.	fear
Answer» C. moderation

30.	The components of material culture are __________ and objective.
A.	external
B.	internal
C.	tangiblen
D.	both a&c
Answer» B. internal

31.	_____________ is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one‘s own culture.
A.	universalism
B.	ethnocentrism
C.	xenocentrism
D.	racism
Answer» B. ethnocentrism

33.	The study of large scale organizations or social systems belongs to _________ sociology.
A.	micro
B.	industrial
C.	macro
D.	descriptive
Answer» C. macro

34.	Who was the first to use the term sociology as a way of studying the world in terms of society?
A.	comte
B.	spencer
C.	durkheim
D.	marx
Answer» A. comte

35.	Name the culturally based tendency to value other cultures more highly than one‘s own.
A.	ethnocentrism
B.	cultural relativism
C.	acculturation
D.	xenocentrism
Answer» D. xenocentrism

36.	For Tonnies, ___________ is the form of social cohesion prevalent in pre-industrial societies.
A.	collectivity
B.	gesselschaft
C.	gemeinschaft
D.	congregate
Answer» C. gemeinschaft