McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
| 301. |
What is the risk of metastasis to the lymph nodes in a patient with stage T2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral aspect of the oral tongue? |
| A. | There is a greater risk of metastasis to the retropharyngeal nodes than to the mid-jugular nodes. |
| B. | There is a greater risk of metastasis to the superior jugular nodes than to the submandibular nodes. |
| C. | There is a similar risk of metastasis to the retropharyngeal nodes as to the mid- jugular nodes. |
| D. | There is a similar risk of metastasis to the submandibular nodes as to the mid-jugular nodes. |
| Answer» D. There is a similar risk of metastasis to the submandibular nodes as to the mid-jugular nodes. | |
| 302. |
Which of the following factors is included in the international prognostic index (IPI) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma? |
| A. | Histology |
| B. | Weight loss |
| C. | Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level |
| D. | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
| Answer» C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level | |
| 303. |
Which of the following factors most adversely affects patients receiving radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck? |
| A. | Concurrent HPV infection |
| B. | Concurrent tobacco use |
| C. | Gender of the patient |
| D. | Grade of the cancer |
| Answer» B. Concurrent tobacco use | |
| 304. |
Which of the following pathological findings is associated with patients who have meningioma? |
| A. | Verocay bodies |
| B. | Psammoma bodies |
| C. | Small, round blue cells |
| D. | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes |
| Answer» B. Psammoma bodies | |
| 305. |
According to Intergroup Trial 0116, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy after gastrectomy were more likely than gastrectomy alone to: |
| A. | result in an unacceptable level of toxicity in the majority of patients. |
| B. | result in a statistically significant decrease in the rate of distant metastases. |
| C. | result in a statistically significant improvement in overall patient survival. |
| D. | be most beneficial after D2 lymph node dissections. |
| Answer» C. result in a statistically significant improvement in overall patient survival. | |
| 306. |
Which of the following statements about post-prostatectomy radiation therapy used in the EORTC 22911 Trial is true? |
| A. | It resulted in more frequent grade 2 or grade 3 late effects. |
| B. | It improved local control, biochemical progression-free survival, and overall patient survival. |
| C. | It was beneficial for patients who had prostate cancer with positive lymph nodes. |
| D. | Hormone therapy was added to the treatment regimen for patients with positive lymph nodes. |
| Answer» A. It resulted in more frequent grade 2 or grade 3 late effects. | |
| 307. |
Which of the following symptoms is most common in patients who present with endometrial cancer? |
| A. | Pelvic pain |
| B. | Low back pain |
| C. | Vaginal bleeding |
| D. | Hematuria |
| Answer» C. Vaginal bleeding | |
| 308. |
Which of the following stages of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with the lowest risk of contralateral cervical lymph node metastases? |
| A. | T2N1 with the primary tumor confined to the tonsillar fossa |
| B. | T1N1 involving the most lateral section of the soft palate |
| C. | T1N1 confined to the glossal-tonsillar sulcus |
| D. | T1N0 involving the lateral aspect of the base of tongue |
| Answer» A. T2N1 with the primary tumor confined to the tonsillar fossa | |
| 309. |
Which of the following equations is used to determine a positive predictive value? |
| A. | True positive / (True positive + false negative) |
| B. | True positive / (True positive + false positive) |
| C. | True negative / (True negative + false negative) |
| D. | True negative / (True negative + false positive) |
| Answer» B. True positive / (True positive + false positive) | |
| 310. |
Which of the following treatment outcomes is associated with patients who have DCIS, according to prospective randomized trials? |
| A. | In NSABP B-17, the actuarial rate of breast cancer recurrence after 12 years in patients who received surgery only was 24%. |
| B. | In NSABP B-17, the actuarial rate of breast cancer recurrence after 12 years in patients who received surgery plus breast irradiation was 16%. |
| C. | In NSABP B-24, breast irradiation reduced the risk of breast cancer recurrence in all subgroups except for the patients with positive surgical margins. |
| D. | In EORTC 10853, the subtype of DCIS histology had no effect on patients' risk for breast cancer recurrence. |
| Answer» B. In NSABP B-17, the actuarial rate of breast cancer recurrence after 12 years in patients who received surgery plus breast irradiation was 16%. | |
| 311. |
Which of the following lymph nodes is NOT commonly associated with prostate cancer metastases? |
| A. | Inguinal |
| B. | External iliac |
| C. | Presacral |
| D. | Obturator |
| Answer» A. Inguinal | |
| 312. |
Which of the following FIGO stages is associated with a patient who has endometrial cancer with extension through the entire myometrium and involvement of the surface of the uterine serosa? |
| A. | IC |
| B. | IIB |
| C. | IIIA |
| D. | IIIC |
| Answer» C. IIIA | |
| 313. |
Which of the following histologic subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma has the worst prognosis? |
| A. | Alveolar |
| B. | Embryonal |
| C. | Spindle cell |
| D. | Botryoid |
| Answer» A. Alveolar | |
| 314. |
Primary surgery is most appropriate for patients with which of the following types of squamous cell carcinoma? |
| A. | Stage T1N0 of the oropharyngeal portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall |
| B. | Stage T1N0 of the floor of mouth |
| C. | Stage T1N0 of the soft palate |
| D. | Stage T2N0 of the base of tongue |
| Answer» B. Stage T1N0 of the floor of mouth | |
| 315. |
Which of the following statements about radiation-induced fibrosis is true? |
| A. | It is usually irreversible. |
| B. | It can be easily managed by surgical excision. |
| C. | It can be effectively treated using hyperbaric oxygen. |
| D. | The severity is reduced with concurrent chemotherapy. |
| Answer» A. It is usually irreversible. | |
| 316. |
Median survival is defined as the: |
| A. | most prevalent time to death in the sample population. |
| B. | point in time a survival probability on a Kaplan-Meier curve is 50%. |
| C. | median of the survival-time intervals. |
| D. | mean of the survival-time intervals. |
| Answer» B. point in time a survival probability on a Kaplan-Meier curve is 50%. | |
| 317. |
A 43-year-old man presented with vomiting and 4-kg weight loss. His performance status was 1. He was found to have a pre-pyloric gastric carcinoma gastric outlet obstruction. A CT scan showed no metastases. What is the most appropriate next step? |
| A. | chemo-radiation |
| B. | neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
| C. | palliative bypass |
| D. | radical resection |
| E. | self-expanding stent |
| Answer» D. radical resection | |
| 318. |
What is the stage of a 5-cm gastric tumor that extends into, but not through, the muscularis propria with 16 of 23 positive lymph nodes? |
| A. | I |
| B. | II |
| C. | III |
| D. | IV |
| Answer» D. IV | |
| 319. |
Which of the following chemotherapy agents recently has been shown to be effective in treating hormone-refractory prostate cancer? |
| A. | Docetaxel |
| B. | Gemcitabine |
| C. | Oxaliplatin |
| D. | Topotecan |
| Answer» A. Docetaxel | |
| 320. |
Which of the following tumor stages is associated with a patient who has vulvar cancer arising on the labia minora with involvement of the lower urethra? |
| A. | T1 |
| B. | T2 |
| C. | T3 |
| D. | T4 |
| Answer» C. T3 | |
| 321. |
Which of the following statements about staging for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung is true? |
| A. | CT scan provides approximately 95% sensitivity and specificity. |
| B. | Screening tests have reduced the mortality rate for high-risk patients. |
| C. | PET scanning has replaced mediastinoscopy for determining cancer staging. |
| D. | Positive PET scan findings require pathological confirmation. |
| Answer» D. Positive PET scan findings require pathological confirmation. | |
| 322. |
What is a major criterion for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma? |
| A. | Calcium level of >12 mg/dL |
| B. | Hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL |
| C. | Plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy |
| D. | Lytic bone lesions on skeletal survey |
| Answer» C. Plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy | |
| 323. |
Which of the following body sites is most commonly involved in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma? |
| A. | Thorax |
| B. | Extremities |
| C. | Head and neck |
| D. | Genitourinary tract |
| Answer» C. Head and neck | |
| 324. |
Which of the following statements about the management of brain metastases secondary to breast cancer is true? |
| A. | Prednisone therapy should be initiated with a loading dose of 20 mg, followed by 10 mg four times daily. |
| B. | Symptomatic improvement is expected between 24 to 72 hours after initiation of therapy. |
| C. | Treatment is more effective for focal neurological deficits than for headaches. |
| D. | Dexamethasone must be administered four times daily because of its half-life properties. |
| Answer» B. Symptomatic improvement is expected between 24 to 72 hours after initiation of therapy. | |
| 325. |
What is the most common histology of tumors involving the terminal ileum? |
| A. | Sarcoma |
| B. | Carcinoid |
| C. | Lymphoma |
| D. | Adenocarcinoma |
| Answer» B. Carcinoid | |
| 326. |
Which of the following pathological stages of breast cancer is associated with a patient who has a 5.0-cm primary tumor and 12/15 positive, non-fixed lymph nodes? |
| A. | pT3N2 |
| B. | pT3N3 |
| C. | pT2N1 |
| D. | pT2N3 |
| Answer» D. pT2N3 | |
| 327. |
What stage of non-small cell lung cancer is most appropriate for a patient who has a 3-cm mass in the right upper lobe, mediastinal adenopathy, and a 2-cm nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung? |
| A. | Stage IIB |
| B. | Stage IIIA |
| C. | Stage IIIB |
| D. | Stage IV |
| Answer» D. Stage IV | |
| 328. |
What is the most common group classification of rhabdomyosarcoma at initial diagnosis? |
| A. | Group I |
| B. | Group II |
| C. | Group III |
| D. | Group IV |
| Answer» C. Group III | |
| 329. |
Where is vulvar carcinoma most commonly located? |
| A. | clitori*s |
| B. | Mons pubis |
| C. | Vaginal vestibule |
| D. | Labia |
| Answer» D. Labia | |
| 330. |
What is the best treatment for malignant mesothelioma? |
| A. | Extrapleural pneumonectomy, followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy to a dose of 50 Gy to 60 Gy |
| B. | Pleurodesis, followed by systemic chemotherapy with subsequent external-beam radiation therapy to a dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions |
| C. | IMRT to a localized positive margin to a radiation dose of 70 Gy |
| D. | IMRT to the entire lung to a radiation dose of 45 Gy |
| Answer» A. Extrapleural pneumonectomy, followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy to a dose of 50 Gy to 60 Gy | |
| 331. |
Which of the following factors is most strongly linked to an increased risk for the development of multiple myeloma? |
| A. | Alcohol use |
| B. | Tobacco use |
| C. | Mustard gas exposure |
| D. | Ionizing radiation exposure |
| Answer» D. Ionizing radiation exposure | |
| 332. |
Which of the following results is associated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy versus radiation therapy alone for patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer, based on the RTOG 91-11 study? |
| A. | Same rate of distant metastases |
| B. | Improved swallowing function |
| C. | Improved overall survival |
| D. | Improved local control |
| Answer» D. Improved local control | |
| 333. |
Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with long-term hormonal therapy combined with radiation therapy for prostate cancer? |
| A. | Decreased sexual libido and hot flashes |
| B. | Osteoporosis and muscle weakness |
| C. | Increased late GU toxicity |
| D. | Increased late GI toxicity |
| Answer» C. Increased late GU toxicity | |
| 334. |
What is the second most common histology associated with vulvar cancers? |
| A. | Adenocarcinoma |
| B. | Adenosquamous carcinoma |
| C. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| D. | Melanoma |
| Answer» D. Melanoma | |
| 335. |
What is the most common genetic abnormality associated with low-grade gliomas? |
| A. | 1p |
| B. | 10q |
| C. | 17p |
| D. | 19q |
| Answer» C. 17p | |
| 336. |
Which of the following processes is associated with the loss of heterozygosity? |
| A. | Activation of oncogenes |
| B. | Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes |
| C. | Hypermethylation of histone proteins |
| D. | Initiation of apoptosis |
| Answer» B. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes | |
| 337. |
Which of the following statements about asbestos exposure and mesothelioma is true? |
| A. | The carcinogenic effects appear to result from its physical properties rather than its chemical structure. |
| B. | Mesothelioma cell lines appear to be less sensitive than non-small cell lung cancer cell lines to radiation. |
| C. | Screening of asbestos workers for mesothelioma is an effective way to improve the cure rate of this disease. |
| D. | It is rare for mesothelioma to be misdiagnosed. |
| Answer» A. The carcinogenic effects appear to result from its physical properties rather than its chemical structure. | |
| 338. |
Which of the following anatomical sites is most commonly associated with extraosseous, soft tissue plasmacytomas? |
| A. | Back |
| B. | Pelvis |
| C. | Lower extremity |
| D. | Head and neck |
| Answer» D. Head and neck | |
| 339. |
Which of the following cell markers is most commonly associated with classic Hodgkin lymphoma? |
| A. | CD15+, CD30+ |
| B. | CD15+, CD30- |
| C. | CD15-, CD30+ |
| D. | CD15-, CD30- |
| Answer» A. CD15+, CD30+ | |
| 340. |
Which of the following statements about brain metastases secondary to breast cancer is not true? |
| A. | Breast cancer is the most common cause of brain metastases in women. |
| B. | HER-2/neu gene overexpression is associated with an increased risk of brain metastases. |
| C. | Increased tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes are associated with an increased risk of brain metastases. |
| D. | Brain metastases are most likely to involve a solitary site. |
| Answer» A. Breast cancer is the most common cause of brain metastases in women. | |
| 341. |
What percent of patients diagnosed with testicular seminoma have elevated α- fetoprotein serum levels? |
| A. | 00% |
| B. | 10% |
| C. | 20% |
| D. | 30% |
| Answer» B. 10% | |
| 342. |
Which of the following types of gynecologic cancer has a similar pattern of tumor spread as that associated with fallopian tube cancer? |
| A. | Vulvar |
| B. | Ovarian |
| C. | Endometrial |
| D. | Cervical |
| Answer» B. Ovarian | |
| 343. |
Regarding breast cancer, all of the following are correct EXCEPT: |
| A. | The incidence increases steadily with age. |
| B. | Approximately 75% of all cases are diagnosed in postmenopausal women. |
| C. | The lifetime risk is 1 of 8 for women living into their 80s. |
| D. | The disease is uncommon in women younger than 40 years of age. |
| E. | It is the most common cancer during pregnancy |
| Answer» E. It is the most common cancer during pregnancy | |
| 344. |
Which of the following statements about malignant mesothelioma is true? |
| A. | The median patient survival time is 24 months. |
| B. | Most patients have bilateral disease at presentation. |
| C. | Diagnosis is most commonly established via cytology of pleural effusions. |
| D. | It commonly spreads along the biopsy tract. |
| Answer» D. It commonly spreads along the biopsy tract. | |
| 345. |
Clinical radiation sensitivity is consistently associated with the absence of: |
| A. | p53. |
| B. | HER-2/neu. |
| C. | gamma-H2AX. |
| D. | ATM. |
| Answer» D. ATM. | |
| 346. |
Which of the following statements about osteosarcoma is true? |
| A. | It rarely occurs in African Americans. |
| B. | The amount of tumor necrosis at resection is an important prognostic factor. |
| C. | The addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard VACA-based chemotherapy improves survival for patients with nonmetastatic disease. |
| D. | Radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for local control. |
| Answer» B. The amount of tumor necrosis at resection is an important prognostic factor. | |
| 347. |
Which of the following statements about leptomeningeal metastases secondary to breast cancer is true? |
| A. | A headache is the most common symptom in patients at presentation. |
| B. | A contrast-enhanced CT scan is best for establishing the diagnosis. |
| C. | Radiation therapy should be administered to the entire CNS axis. |
| D. | The median survival rate is 4 months, but longer survival times are associated with breast cancer. |
| Answer» D. The median survival rate is 4 months, but longer survival times are associated with breast cancer. | |
| 348. |
Which of the following statements about TNM staging for lung cancer is FALSE? |
| A. | Stage N1 involves lymph node stations 10-14. |
| B. | Stage N2 involves the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes. |
| C. | Stage N3 involves the contralateral hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. |
| D. | Stage M1 involves the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. |
| Answer» D. Stage M1 involves the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. | |
| 349. |
Which of the following statements about squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is true? |
| A. | Primary tumors more commonly arise from the supraglottic laryngeal structures than from the glottic region. |
| B. | At the time of diagnosis, 50% of tumors have extended beyond the laryngeal structures. |
| C. | Supraglottic tumors are more likely to present with palpable lymphadenopathy than glottic lesions. |
| D. | Subglottic tumors tend to present with early lesions that are easily managed with primary surgical resection. |
| Answer» C. Supraglottic tumors are more likely to present with palpable lymphadenopathy than glottic lesions. | |
| 350. |
Which of the following statements about breast cancer in men is true? |
| A. | The tumor is most commonly ER-positive. |
| B. | The disease should be treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. |
| C. | The majority of patients who undergo genetic screening will be found to have a BRCA1 germline mutation. |
| D. | Approximately 25% of patients will have noninvasive disease at diagnosis. |
| Answer» A. The tumor is most commonly ER-positive. | |
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