McqMate
| 301. |
The view that knowledge is attained through sense experience is called: |
| A. | Idealism |
| B. | Positivism |
| C. | Rationalism |
| D. | Empiricism |
| Answer» D. Empiricism | |
| 302. |
Which among the following is the characteristic of Modern Philosophy |
| A. | A revolt against authority and tradition |
| B. | Demand for freedom in thought, feeling, and action |
| C. | Scientific |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 303. |
Who authored ‘Essay on Human Understanding’ |
| A. | Rene Descartes |
| B. | John Locke |
| C. | Immanuel Kant |
| D. | David Hume |
| Answer» B. John Locke | |
| 304. |
Modern philosophy began in |
| A. | Renaissance |
| B. | The Enlightenment |
| C. | The idealistic period |
| D. | Natural Science Period |
| Answer» A. Renaissance | |
| 305. |
The father of modern western philosophy |
| A. | Aristotle |
| B. | Socrates |
| C. | Descartes |
| D. | Spinoza |
| Answer» C. Descartes | |
| 306. |
Descartes advocated the philosophy of: |
| A. | Pluralism |
| B. | Empiricism |
| C. | Dualism |
| D. | Idealism |
| Answer» C. Dualism | |
| 307. |
Descartes is a |
| A. | skeptic |
| B. | empiricist |
| C. | rationalist |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» C. rationalist | |
| 308. |
The concept of innate ideas is put forward by: |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Leibniz |
| C. | Kant |
| D. | Descartes |
| Answer» D. Descartes | |
| 309. |
…………. Is advocated theory of interactionism |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Pre-established harmony |
| C. | Berkeley |
| D. | Kant |
| Answer» A. Descartes | |
| 310. |
According to Descartes, the Absolute substance refers to: |
| A. | God |
| B. | Mind |
| C. | Matter |
| D. | Mind and Matter |
| Answer» A. God | |
| 311. |
According to Descartes, the idea of God is : |
| A. | Adventitious |
| B. | fictitious |
| C. | Demonstrative |
| D. | Innate |
| Answer» D. Innate | |
| 312. |
Which one of the following views is held by Descartes? |
| A. | Mind and body are the two substances which exist independently of each other |
| B. | Mind is the only substance and matter is only a fiction |
| C. | Mind is the only substance and matter is only a fiction |
| D. | Matter is the only substance and mind is one of its modes of existence |
| Answer» A. Mind and body are the two substances which exist independently of each other | |
| 313. |
Which one of the following statements adequately sums up Descartes’ philosophy? |
| A. | Mind and matter are two aspects of the same reality |
| B. | The world is made of two radically different kinds of substance, mind and matter. |
| C. | Matter alone is real and mind is only an illusion. |
| D. | Mind creates matter |
| Answer» B. The world is made of two radically different kinds of substance, mind and matter. | |
| 314. |
Which one of the following types of substances is NOT admitted by Descartes? |
| A. | Infinite and uncreated |
| B. | Perpetually changing |
| C. | Finite and spiritual |
| D. | Finite and material |
| Answer» B. Perpetually changing | |
| 315. |
In order to escape …………………, Descartes has introduced the idea of God |
| A. | Spiritualism |
| B. | Solipsism |
| C. | Empiricism |
| D. | Dualism |
| Answer» B. Solipsism | |
| 316. |
The rationalist philosopher …………. wants to give philosophy a stable character like mathematics. |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Kant |
| C. | Spinoza |
| D. | Leibnitz |
| Answer» A. Descartes | |
| 317. |
.......... defines substance as “ an existent thing which requires nothing but itself in order to exist”. |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Locke |
| C. | Descartes |
| D. | Hume |
| Answer» C. Descartes | |
| 318. |
Descartes claims God as the …………..substance, and mind and matter as ……… substance. |
| A. | absolute , created |
| B. | absolute, finite |
| C. | Only, created |
| D. | created, absolute |
| Answer» A. absolute , created | |
| 319. |
Descartes suggests ……………… as absolute substance |
| A. | God |
| B. | Mind |
| C. | Soul |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» A. God | |
| 320. |
Which one of the following statements is NOT supported by Descartes? |
| A. | Mind and matter are independent substance |
| B. | Mind and matter are two separate substances alongside God. |
| C. | Mind and matter are inter-related to one another |
| D. | Mind and matter are both identical |
| Answer» D. Mind and matter are both identical | |
| 321. |
The doctrine of Occassionalism advocated by |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Malebranche |
| C. | Spinoza |
| D. | Leibnitz |
| Answer» B. Malebranche | |
| 322. |
Which one of the following statements is entitled by Descartes’ cogito ergo sum? |
| A. | Only I exist |
| B. | Only God exists |
| C. | I exist while I think |
| D. | Only matter exists |
| Answer» C. I exist while I think | |
| 323. |
Descartes recognizes mind and matter as ……. substances which are created by God. |
| A. | Absolute |
| B. | Relative |
| C. | Neutral |
| D. | Real |
| Answer» B. Relative | |
| 324. |
Descartes suggests mind and matter are ……….. |
| A. | Opposed on each other |
| B. | Dependent on each other |
| C. | Independent of each other |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» A. Opposed on each other | |
| 325. |
Descartes advocates …………..by admitting mind and matter as two substances |
| A. | Dualism |
| B. | Individualism |
| C. | Rationalism |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» A. Dualism | |
| 326. |
To solve mind and body problem, Descartes has introduced ………. |
| A. | Mind Body Dualism |
| B. | Psycho-physical Interactionism |
| C. | Occassionalism |
| D. | Psycho-physical parallelism |
| Answer» B. Psycho-physical Interactionism | |
| 327. |
Which among is NOT included Descartes three kinds of ideas |
| A. | Innate Ideas |
| B. | Complex Ideas |
| C. | Factitious Ideas |
| D. | Adventitious Ideas |
| Answer» B. Complex Ideas | |
| 328. |
Descartes argues against trusting the senses on the grounds that ……… |
| A. | They never directly deceive him |
| B. | They sometimes deceive him |
| C. | God allows sensory deception |
| D. | Sense perception is indubitable |
| Answer» B. They sometimes deceive him | |
| 329. |
Descartes declares that he is ………… |
| A. | A body |
| B. | a dream |
| C. | a thing that thinks |
| D. | a thing that cannot exist |
| Answer» C. a thing that thinks | |
| 330. |
Descartes reasons that the very fact that he is thinking shows that …… |
| A. | He does not exist |
| B. | He is not being deceived |
| C. | He exists |
| D. | He is dreaming |
| Answer» C. He exists | |
| 331. |
The view that we consist of two distinct substances (body and mind) and that these two interact is known as ……… |
| A. | Functionalism |
| B. | Identity theory |
| C. | Substance dualism |
| D. | Materialism |
| Answer» B. Identity theory | |
| 332. |
Descartes believed that interaction between body and mind took place in …… |
| A. | Ectoplasm |
| B. | the brain stem |
| C. | the pineal gland |
| D. | the nervous system |
| Answer» C. the pineal gland | |
| 333. |
Descartes says that the chief characteristic of physical things is that ….. |
| A. | They cannot be measured |
| B. | Science can study them |
| C. | They do not have extension |
| D. | They have extension |
| Answer» D. They have extension | |
| 334. |
Which of the following do Cartesian dualists reject? |
| A. | That minds and bodies exist |
| B. | That mind and bodies can exist independently of each other |
| C. | That minds exist in time |
| D. | That mind exist in space |
| Answer» D. That mind exist in space | |
| 335. |
According to Descartes, knowledge is |
| A. | Power |
| B. | Unattainable |
| C. | Certain |
| D. | Fleeting |
| Answer» C. Certain | |
| 336. |
For Descartes, cogito ergo sum is |
| A. | A proof for the existence of God |
| B. | An indubitable truth |
| C. | An obvious falsehood |
| D. | A way to make money |
| Answer» B. An indubitable truth | |
| 337. |
Which claim did Descartes use to establish the certainty of his own existence? |
| A. | To be is to be perceived |
| B. | I think, therefore I am |
| C. | Nothing exists except bodies in motion |
| D. | Every created thing has both mental and physical properties. |
| Answer» B. I think, therefore I am | |
| 338. |
What was clarity and distinctness a mark of, for Rene Descartes? |
| A. | God |
| B. | Goodness |
| C. | Truth |
| D. | Rationality |
| Answer» C. Truth | |
| 339. |
Who authored the book Discourse on Method ?. |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Spinoza |
| C. | Immanuel Kant |
| D. | Hegel |
| Answer» A. Descartes | |
| 340. |
Which book authored Rene Descartes |
| A. | Critique of Pure Reason |
| B. | Ethics |
| C. | Meditations on First Philosophy |
| D. | The Principles of Human Knowledge |
| Answer» C. Meditations on First Philosophy | |
| 341. |
Descartes uses the method of doubt to cast doubt on |
| A. | The existence of the external world |
| B. | The existence of God |
| C. | The existence of dream |
| D. | The existence of demons |
| Answer» A. The existence of the external world | |
| 342. |
Spinoza equates substance with ------- and -------- |
| A. | Qualities, God |
| B. | Nature, God |
| C. | Nature, Soul |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Nature, God | |
| 343. |
By admitting only God, Spinoza fails to explain plurality, diversity, motion and change of the ….. |
| A. | Individual souls |
| B. | Objects of the world |
| C. | Empirical world |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Objects of the world | |
| 344. |
Which one of the following statements is associated with Spinoza? |
| A. | Mind and body are two independent entities in perfect harmony with each other. |
| B. | Mind and body interact and there is a causal relation between the two. |
| C. | Mind and body are not two independent substances but are two parallel manifestations of the same reality. |
| D. | Mind is an epiphenomenon of the body |
| Answer» C. Mind and body are not two independent substances but are two parallel manifestations of the same reality. | |
| 345. |
Which one of the following statements is true, according to Spinoza? |
| A. | Substance can exist outside of God |
| B. | Substance and God are independent realities |
| C. | There can be no substance outside of God |
| D. | Substance and God are imaginary. |
| Answer» C. There can be no substance outside of God | |
| 346. |
By ‘mode’ Spinoza means that which |
| A. | Is in itself and is conceived through itself |
| B. | Exists in itself |
| C. | Is a being that is absolutely infinite |
| D. | Exists through something other than itself |
| Answer» D. Exists through something other than itself | |
| 347. |
What is true of Spinoza’s parallelism? |
| A. | It explains the mental by the physical |
| B. | It explains the physical by the mental |
| C. | It is double aspect theory accepting both the mental and physical realms as manifestations of the same substance. |
| D. | It accepts the mental and the physical as two stages of evolution. |
| Answer» C. It is double aspect theory accepting both the mental and physical realms as manifestations of the same substance. | |
| 348. |
Spinoza claims substance is …………. and ……………… |
| A. | Many, finite |
| B. | One, infinite |
| C. | Many, limited |
| D. | One, limited |
| Answer» B. One, infinite | |
| 349. |
By ………….. Spinoza understands that which is in itself and which is conceived by means of itself. |
| A. | Matter |
| B. | Body |
| C. | Substance |
| D. | Attribute |
| Answer» C. Substance | |
| 350. |
............ points out that if Descartes, definition of substance is to be strictly adhered to, there can be only one substance, i.e., God. |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Hume |
| C. | Locke |
| D. | Berkeley |
| Answer» A. Spinoza | |
| 351. |
According to Spinoza, body and mind |
| A. | Are causally independent |
| B. | interact with each other |
| C. | are parallel to each other |
| D. | are providentially synchronized by God |
| Answer» C. are parallel to each other | |
| 352. |
The view that one may consider God both as Naturanaturans and Natruanaturata is maintained by: |
| A. | Thomas Aquinas |
| B. | Spinoza |
| C. | Leibnitz |
| D. | Berkeley |
| Answer» B. Spinoza | |
| 353. |
The fundamental property of substance is known as: |
| A. | Modes |
| B. | Attribute |
| C. | Thought |
| D. | Extension |
| Answer» B. Attribute | |
| 354. |
…….. declares that there are no substances other than God. |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Kant |
| C. | Hume |
| D. | Locke |
| Answer» A. Spinoza | |
| 355. |
Who declares that there are no substances other than God |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Kant |
| C. | Hume |
| D. | Locke |
| Answer» A. Spinoza | |
| 356. |
Spinoza is an advocate of |
| A. | Dualism |
| B. | Pantheism |
| C. | Materialism |
| D. | Empiricism |
| Answer» B. Pantheism | |
| 357. |
What did Benedict Spinoza think a person is |
| A. | a mode of God/Nature |
| B. | an immaterial mind |
| C. | a physical body |
| D. | an immaterial mind in a physical body. |
| Answer» A. a mode of God/Nature | |
| 358. |
‘There can only one substance which is causasui (cause of itself) and this single substance must be identified with the universe a whole. This unique all inclusive totality is therefore God or Nature’ whose statement? |
| A. | Hegel |
| B. | Marx |
| C. | Hume |
| D. | Spinoza |
| Answer» D. Spinoza | |
| 359. |
The position of psycho-physical parallelism is advocated by: |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Spinoza |
| C. | Leibniz |
| D. | Locke. |
| Answer» B. Spinoza | |
| 360. |
God according to Leibniz is: |
| A. | Central Monad |
| B. | Queen Monad |
| C. | Soul Monad |
| D. | Monad of Monads |
| Answer» D. Monad of Monads | |
| 361. |
Monadology is the famous work of: |
| A. | Descartes |
| B. | Spinoza |
| C. | Leibniz |
| D. | Berkeley |
| Answer» C. Leibniz | |
| 362. |
A monad is explained as: |
| A. | Physical atom |
| B. | Unit of force |
| C. | Matter |
| D. | Mind |
| Answer» B. Unit of force | |
| 363. |
Leibniz advocated the theory of: |
| A. | Interactionism |
| B. | Pre-established harmony |
| C. | Parallelism |
| D. | Monism |
| Answer» B. Pre-established harmony | |
| 364. |
Doctrine of monads is advocated by: |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Leibniz |
| C. | Berkeley |
| D. | Hume |
| Answer» B. Leibniz | |
| 365. |
For Leibnitz, monad is windowless because |
| A. | It is absolutely free from external influence |
| B. | It is extended |
| C. | It is composite body |
| D. | It is something material |
| Answer» A. It is absolutely free from external influence | |
| 366. |
…………. Admits innumerable monads or spiritual atoms |
| A. | Leibnitz |
| B. | Hume |
| C. | Berkeley |
| D. | Locke |
| Answer» A. Leibnitz | |
| 367. |
.............. thinks that substance is to be defined by active force |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Hume |
| C. | Descartes |
| D. | Leibnitz |
| Answer» D. Leibnitz | |
| 368. |
The monads are …… and everything is potential or implicit in it |
| A. | Very strong |
| B. | active |
| C. | Windowless |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» C. Windowless | |
| 369. |
Which among is NOT correct regarding monads |
| A. | Windowless |
| B. | Spiritual |
| C. | Perceive each other |
| D. | Active force |
| Answer» C. Perceive each other | |
| 370. |
Leibnitz defines substance or ‘monad’ as |
| A. | Active force |
| B. | physical object |
| C. | mental object |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. Active force | |
| 371. |
Every monad is a …… of the universe which generates the images of things by its own activity |
| A. | Clear aspect |
| B. | definite explanation |
| C. | Living mirror |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. Living mirror | |
| 372. |
Leibnitz philosophy is |
| A. | Monistic |
| B. | Dualistic |
| C. | Pluralistic |
| D. | Materialistic |
| Answer» C. Pluralistic | |
| 373. |
Which among the following is NOT applicable to Leibnitz |
| A. | God is the creator of harmony |
| B. | Extension is real |
| C. | The monads are eternal and can be destroyed only by miracle on the part of God. |
| D. | No monad has any part and therefore is truly indivisible. |
| Answer» B. Extension is real | |
| 374. |
Leibnitz claims that there is only a …….. between soul and body, instituted by God |
| A. | Complete substance |
| B. | Complete correspondence |
| C. | Complete interactionism |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» B. Complete correspondence | |
| 375. |
Mind is a ‘tabula rasa’ according to: |
| A. | Berkeley |
| B. | Locke |
| C. | Descartes |
| D. | Spinoza |
| Answer» B. Locke | |
| 376. |
John Locke rejected the concept of: |
| A. | Substance |
| B. | Innate Ideas |
| C. | Experience |
| D. | Primary Qualities |
| Answer» B. Innate Ideas | |
| 377. |
There must be an unknown and unknowable substratum which supports the existence of ……….. qualities |
| A. | Primary |
| B. | Secondary |
| C. | Basic |
| D. | Both primary and secondary |
| Answer» A. Primary | |
| 378. |
The secondary properties of substance are known as …………. |
| A. | Modes |
| B. | Attribute |
| C. | Relative property |
| D. | Substance |
| Answer» A. Modes | |
| 379. |
Which one of the following according to Locke is correct description of substance? |
| A. | Substance is spiritual in nature |
| B. | Substance has both real and nominal essences. |
| C. | Substance is a known locus of qualities. |
| D. | Substance is the cause of the world |
| Answer» C. Substance is a known locus of qualities. | |
| 380. |
Locke suggests that mind knows directly the ……. and not the objects themselves. |
| A. | Sensations |
| B. | Ideas of the object |
| C. | Qualities |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. Ideas of the object | |
| 381. |
Which one of the following according to Locke justifies the distinction between primary and secondary qualities? |
| A. | God has created primary qualities |
| B. | Secondary qualities are given in experience |
| C. | Primary qualities and secondary qualities are logically different |
| D. | Primary qualities are objective while secondary qualities are subjective |
| Answer» D. Primary qualities are objective while secondary qualities are subjective | |
| 382. |
John Locke has divided the qualities of things into ……… and …….. |
| A. | A priori, a posteriori |
| B. | Empirical, intuitive |
| C. | Primary, secondary |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» C. Primary, secondary | |
| 383. |
As an empiricist, Locke claims that all our knowledge is derived either through sensation or ……. |
| A. | Perception |
| B. | Reflection |
| C. | Thinking |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» B. Reflection | |
| 384. |
Which one of the following is true of Locke’s view of substance? |
| A. | Substance is the sum of qualities |
| B. | Substance is the substratum of qualities |
| C. | Substance is the sum of ideas. |
| D. | Substance is the logical construction of sense data |
| Answer» A. Substance is the sum of qualities | |
| 385. |
Which one of the following arguments is advance by Locke for the rejection of innate ideas? |
| A. | If there were innate ideas, then all human beings would be identical |
| B. | If there were innate ideas then we should find them expressed in infants and untutored savages. |
| C. | If there were innate ideas then there must be a God who generates them |
| D. | If there were innate ideas than human beings should be eternal. |
| Answer» B. If there were innate ideas then we should find them expressed in infants and untutored savages. | |
| 386. |
Which one of the following is the correct definition of secondary qualities, according to Locke? |
| A. | Secondary qualities are nothing in the objects themselves but powers to produce sensations in us by their primary qualities. |
| B. | Secondary qualities are those which are imposed on the external objects by human mind. |
| C. | Secondary qualities are those that vary according to variations in conditions of perception |
| D. | Secondary qualities are those whose ideas are not exact resemblances of qualities of objects. |
| Answer» A. Secondary qualities are nothing in the objects themselves but powers to produce sensations in us by their primary qualities. | |
| 387. |
Which among the following is NOT Locke’ view of ideas |
| A. | The mind is active in the reception of simple ideas |
| B. | The mind becomes active, when we get complex ideas |
| C. | Simple ideas are directly known as the contents of actual experience |
| D. | All ideas originate with and from experience |
| Answer» A. The mind is active in the reception of simple ideas | |
| 388. |
An example for secondary quality |
| A. | colour |
| B. | figure |
| C. | extension |
| D. | solidity |
| Answer» A. colour | |
| 389. |
An example for primary quality |
| A. | colour |
| B. | taste |
| C. | Sound |
| D. | number |
| Answer» D. number | |
| 390. |
A …………. is one which ‘being in itself uncompounded, contains in it nothing but one uniform appearance or conception in the mind and is no distinguishable into different ideas’. In other words it is an unanalyzable simple datum of knowledge. |
| A. | Simple Idea |
| B. | Complex Idea |
| C. | Mode |
| D. | Reflection |
| Answer» A. Simple Idea | |
| 391. |
Empiricism is the epistemological theory that the only source of knowledge about the external world is |
| A. | Reason |
| B. | intuition |
| C. | logic |
| D. | sense experience |
| Answer» D. sense experience | |
| 392. |
The philosophical position of Berkeley is known as: |
| A. | Subjective Idealism |
| B. | Innate Ideas |
| C. | Realism |
| D. | Absolute Idealism |
| Answer» A. Subjective Idealism | |
| 393. |
‘To be is to be perceived’ according to: |
| A. | Berkeley |
| B. | Locke |
| C. | Hume |
| D. | Hegel |
| Answer» A. Berkeley | |
| 394. |
Who claims that only mind and their ideas exist |
| A. | Spinoza |
| B. | Berkeley |
| C. | Locke |
| D. | Kant |
| Answer» B. Berkeley | |
| 395. |
Berkeley asserts that existing and perceiving are |
| A. | One and the same thing |
| B. | Both nonexistent |
| C. | Two distinct things |
| D. | Imaginary |
| Answer» A. One and the same thing | |
| 396. |
Berkeley insists that heat and cold are ….. |
| A. | Illusions |
| B. | physical object |
| C. | Only things existing apart from our minds |
| D. | Only sensations existing in our minds |
| Answer» D. Only sensations existing in our minds | |
| 397. |
What did George Berkeley mean about such things as tables and chairs when he denied the existence of matter? |
| A. | There are no unperceived tables and chairs. |
| B. | There are no tables and chairs |
| C. | Tables and chairs are really just swarms of particles in motion |
| D. | Everything, including tables and chairs, is an illusion. |
| Answer» A. There are no unperceived tables and chairs. | |
| 398. |
What was Berkeley’s explanation for the fact that things like rocks and trees seem to continue to exist even when humans don’t perceive them? |
| A. | They are material objects, so naturally they can exist unperceived. |
| B. | Appearances are deceiving. In fact such things do cease to be when we no longer perceive them |
| C. | Being partly mental, they continue to exist because they can perceive themselves. |
| D. | God always perceives them. |
| Answer» D. God always perceives them. | |
| 399. |
Berkeley rejects Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities because |
| A. | All qualities are subjective |
| B. | Only secondary qualities are subjective |
| C. | Qualities are created by God |
| D. | Qualities inhere in substances |
| Answer» A. All qualities are subjective | |
| 400. |
As all beings are particular things, so all ideas are particular ideas, is said by |
| A. | Locke |
| B. | Berkeley |
| C. | Descartes |
| D. | Kant |
| Answer» B. Berkeley | |
Done Reading?