McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
Chapters
| 51. |
The least frequent “ABO” gene is: |
| A. | A |
| B. | B |
| C. | O |
| D. | AB |
| E. | ABO |
| Answer» B. B | |
| 52. |
Stimulation of the right vagus: |
| A. | increases calcium inflow to the SA node |
| B. | decreases calcium inflow to the AV node |
| C. | increases potassium outflow in the SA node |
| D. | increases potassium outflow in the AV node |
| E. | decreases potassium outflow in the SA node |
| Answer» C. increases potassium outflow in the SA node | |
| 53. |
Starling’s Law: |
| A. | defines a linear relationship between wall tension and force of contraction of cardiac muscle |
| B. | is approximated by representing wall tension as preload and force of contraction as afterload |
| C. | predicts greater force of contraction when filling pressure is decreased (eg during shock) |
| D. | is explained by an increased availability of intracellular Ca2+ |
| E. | describes heterometric autoregulation |
| Answer» E. describes heterometric autoregulation | |
| 54. |
Which is a water soluble vitamin? |
| A. | D |
| B. | B12 |
| C. | A |
| D. | K |
| Answer» B. B12 | |
| 55. |
Which is not Na+ dependent for absorption? |
| A. | thiamin |
| B. | riboflavin |
| C. | niacin |
| D. | folate |
| Answer» D. folate | |
| 56. |
Which is absorbed mainly in the colon? |
| A. | short chain fatty acids |
| B. | calcium |
| C. | vitamin K |
| D. | oligosaccharides |
| Answer» A. short chain fatty acids | |
| 57. |
Which is INCORRECT regarding nerve supply to the gut? |
| A. | the blood vessels are known to have enteric, parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation |
| B. | the myenteric plexus lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers |
| C. | parasympathetic supply is via vagal and sacral nerve |
| D. | sympathetic supply is often inhibitory on cholinergic postganglionic fibres |
| Answer» A. the blood vessels are known to have enteric, parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation | |
| 58. |
Gastrin secretion is stimulated by all but: |
| A. | luminal peptides |
| B. | vagal discharge |
| C. | luminal acid |
| D. | phenylalanine |
| Answer» C. luminal acid | |
| 59. |
The actions of gastrin include all but: |
| A. | insulin secretion in response to a carbohydrate meal |
| B. | a trophic effect on colonic mucosa |
| C. | a trophic effect on gastric mucosa |
| D. | pepsin secretion |
| Answer» A. insulin secretion in response to a carbohydrate meal | |
| 60. |
Which is NOT an action of CCK? |
| A. | gallbladder contraction |
| B. | increased gastric motility and emptying |
| C. | glucagon secretion |
| D. | secretion of pancreatic juice |
| Answer» B. increased gastric motility and emptying | |
| 61. |
Which hormone is most important in insulin secretion? |
| A. | gastrin |
| B. | CCK |
| C. | GIP |
| D. | secretin |
| Answer» C. GIP | |
| 62. |
Which produces the majority of salivary volume? |
| A. | lingual glands |
| B. | sublingual |
| C. | parotid |
| D. | submandibular |
| Answer» D. submandibular | |
| 63. |
Which nerve is NOT involved in the efferent (motor) swallow reflex? |
| A. | trigeminal |
| B. | vagus |
| C. | facial |
| D. | hypoglossal |
| Answer» B. vagus | |
| 64. |
Which is NOT part of the normal content of gastric juice? |
| A. | HPO4 2- |
| B. | mucus |
| C. | lipase |
| D. | amylase |
| Answer» D. amylase | |
| 65. |
Chief cells secrete: |
| A. | HCl |
| B. | pepsinogen |
| C. | intrinsic factor |
| D. | HCO3- |
| Answer» B. pepsinogen | |
| 66. |
Which stimulates parietal cell secretion? |
| A. | prostaglandins |
| B. | aspirin |
| C. | vinegar |
| D. | acetylcholine |
| Answer» D. acetylcholine | |
| 67. |
Regarding bilirubin: |
| A. | unconjugated bilirubin is more soluble than conjugated |
| B. | all conjugated bilirubin is excreted via the intestine |
| C. | bile duct obstruction causes jaundice secondary to unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia |
| D. | haemolytic anaemia may cause ?????? hyperbilirubinaemia |
| Answer» D. haemolytic anaemia may cause ?????? hyperbilirubinaemia | |
| 68. |
Which form of intestinal smooth muscle contraction does NOT occur in normal health? |
| A. | peristalsis |
| B. | weak antiperistalsis |
| C. | peristaltic rushes |
| D. | tonic contractions |
| Answer» C. peristaltic rushes | |
| 69. |
In the adrenal medulla: |
| A. | epinephrine is formed by the hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tyrosine |
| B. | 10% of the cells are the epinephrine-secreting type |
| C. | plasma norepinephrine levels are generally unchanged after adrenalectomy |
| D. | catecholamine t1/2 is 10 minutes in the circulation |
| Answer» C. plasma norepinephrine levels are generally unchanged after adrenalectomy | |
| 70. |
In the adrenal cortex: |
| A. | the zona glomerulosa has 17 alpha-hydroxylase and no aldosterone synthase |
| B. | all the cholesterol is synthesised from acetate |
| C. | zona fasciculata makes up 10% of the mass of the adrenal gland |
| D. | angiotensin II binds to receptors in the zona reticularis |
| Answer» E. | |
| 71. |
Regarding the islets of Langerhans: |
| A. | D cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide |
| B. | A cells are the most common |
| C. | they are most plentiful in the body of the pancreas |
| D. | blood from the islets drain into the hepatic portal vein |
| Answer» D. blood from the islets drain into the hepatic portal vein | |
| 72. |
Which factor stimulates insulin secretion? |
| A. | thiazide diuretics |
| B. | phenytoin |
| C. | theophylline |
| D. | β blockers |
| Answer» C. theophylline | |
| 73. |
Thyroid hormones increase the oxygen consumption of: |
| A. | lymph nodes |
| B. | spleen |
| C. | brain |
| D. | anterior pituitary gland |
| Answer» E. | |
| 74. |
The action of gastrin includes all EXCEPT: |
| A. | stimulation of insulin secretion after a carbohydrate meal |
| B. | stimulation of gastric acid secretion |
| C. | stimulation of gastric motility |
| D. | contraction of gastro-oesophageal junction musculature |
| Answer» A. stimulation of insulin secretion after a carbohydrate meal | |
| 75. |
Regarding protein metabolism, which statement is CORRECT? |
| A. | increases the respiratory quotient to values > 1.0 |
| B. | has a specific dynamic action (SDA) of approximately 10% |
| C. | endogenous protein breakdown is inhibited by glucagon |
| D. | creatinine excretion is not depressed in starvation |
| Answer» D. creatinine excretion is not depressed in starvation | |
| 76. |
Regarding fat metabolism, which statement is CORRECT? |
| A. | ketone bodies accumulate in DKA due to a lack of acetyl-CoA substrate |
| B. | fatty acids are transported in the plasma bound to lipoprotein complexes |
| C. | cholesterol is transported from extra-hepatic cells to the liver by high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the endogenous pathway |
| D. | eicosanoids are synthesised from cholesterol |
| Answer» C. cholesterol is transported from extra-hepatic cells to the liver by high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the endogenous pathway | |
| 77. |
Thyroxine: |
| A. | is mostly bound to albumin in the plasma, since this has the largest capacity |
| B. | is 2-5 times more potent that triiodothyronine (T3) |
| C. | stimulates TSH release |
| D. | ∼33% is deiodinated in the liver to T3 |
| Answer» D. ∼33% is deiodinated in the liver to T3 | |
| 78. |
Insulin: |
| A. | binds to GLUT 1-5 receptors in the peripheral tissues |
| B. | deficiency results in increased gluconeogenesis |
| C. | has a plasma half-life of 2-3 hours |
| D. | is secreted by the pancreatic A cells |
| Answer» E. | |
| 79. |
With respect to calcium metabolism / bone formation: |
| A. | osteoclasts secrete alkaline phosphatase |
| B. | osteoblasts are haemopoietic derivatives of monocyte lineage |
| C. | 1,25(OH)2 ???D3 and PTH stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| D. | oestrogens are thought to be protective of osteoporosis as their main effect is osteoblasts stimulation |
| Answer» C. 1,25(OH)2 ???D3 and PTH stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts | |
| 80. |
All of the following, except one, inhibit insulin secretion. Which is it? |
| A. | somatostatin |
| B. | thiazide diuretics |
| C. | propranolol |
| D. | insulin |
| Answer» E. | |
| 81. |
All but one of the following compounds releases large amounts of energy on breakdown: |
| A. | cAMP |
| B. | ATP |
| C. | creatine phosphate |
| D. | ADP |
| Answer» A. cAMP | |
| 82. |
Which is TRUE? |
| A. | adenosine triphosphate is a low energy phosphate |
| B. | reduction involves loss of hydrogen or electrons |
| C. | oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum |
| D. | ATP is precursor of cyclic AMP |
| Answer» D. ATP is precursor of cyclic AMP | |
| 83. |
Small intestine: |
| A. | the ligament of Treitz the jejunum becomes the ileum |
| B. | the distance pylorus to ileocecal valve in living humans is 700cm |
| C. | malabsorption syndrome may develop if 25% of the small intestine is removed |
| D. | colonic peristalsis is the first smooth muscle action of the GIT to return after abdominal operation |
| Answer» E. | |
| 84. |
Regarding thyroid hormones: |
| A. | little T3 is produced peripherally by deiodination T4 |
| B. | albumin has more capacity to bind thyroid hormones than TBG |
| C. | TBG has less affinity for thyroid hormone than albumin |
| D. | thyroid hormones stimulate lipogenesis |
| Answer» B. albumin has more capacity to bind thyroid hormones than TBG | |
| 85. |
A calorie is: |
| A. | standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1° from 15-16°C |
| B. | standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of mercury 1° from 17-18°C |
| C. | the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 17-18°C |
| D. | the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C |
| Answer» D. the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C | |
| 86. |
Regarding the respiratory quotient: |
| A. | it is the ratio of CO2 to O2 at any time |
| B. | RQ of fat is 0.8 |
| C. | increases with hyperventilation |
| D. | increases in metabolic alkalosis |
| Answer» E. | |
| 87. |
Regarding basal metabolic rate: |
| A. | it is higher in women |
| B. | it is determined at rest within 12 hours after the last meal |
| C. | increases by 18% for each 1°C of fever |
| D. | is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man |
| Answer» D. is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man | |
| 88. |
Which is NOT a high energy compound? |
| A. | CoA |
| B. | GGP |
| C. | ITP |
| D. | creatine phosphate |
| Answer» B. GGP | |
| 89. |
Regarding carbohydrate metabolism: |
| A. | glucokinase is increased in starvation |
| B. | the breakdown of glycogen is called glycolysis |
| C. | the direct oxidative pathway involves the breakdown of glucose through triose |
| D. | the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is irreversible |
| Answer» D. the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is irreversible | |
| 90. |
Which is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle? |
| A. | NAD+ |
| B. | CO2 |
| C. | GTP |
| D. | FADH2 |
| Answer» A. NAD+ | |
| 91. |
Regarding phosphorylase: |
| A. | it clea???? 1:6α linkages in glycogen |
| B. | it is activated by norepinephrine |
| C. | phosphorylase kinase is directly activated by cyclic AMP |
| D. | activation of protein kinase A inhibits glycogen synthesis |
| Answer» D. activation of protein kinase A inhibits glycogen synthesis | |
| 92. |
Which amino acid is not found in protein? |
| A. | ornithine |
| B. | arginine |
| C. | valine |
| D. | aspartic acid |
| E. | β-Alanine |
| Answer» E. β-Alanine | |
| 93. |
Regarding electrolyte absorption: |
| A. | cholera toxin binds to adenosine diphosphate ribose to the subunit of Gs, stimulative ATPase activity |
| B. | active transport of Na+ into the small intestine enterocytes is coupled with the absorption of glucose |
| C. | magnesium sulphate absorption is coupled with Na+ -K+ -ATPase pump |
| D. | the Na+ -K+ ATPase pumps are located at the luminal membrane of the enterocyte |
| Answer» E. | |
| 94. |
Vitamins co-transported with Na+ include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | thiamine |
| B. | folate |
| C. | niacin |
| D. | riboflavin |
| E. | pyridoxine |
| Answer» B. folate | |
| 95. |
Fat soluble vitamins include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | vitamin A |
| B. | vitamin C |
| C. | vitamin D |
| D. | vitamin E |
| E. | vitamin K |
| Answer» B. vitamin C | |
| 96. |
The largest daily volume of secretions in the GIT originates in the: |
| A. | salivary glands |
| B. | stomach |
| C. | gallbladder (bile) |
| D. | pancreas |
| E. | intestine |
| Answer» B. stomach | |
| 97. |
Iron: |
| A. | most dietary iron is in the ferrous state |
| B. | most iron is absorbed in the upper small intestine |
| C. | a ferritin micelle contains 1,000 atoms of iron |
| D. | 90% of body iron is in haemoglobin |
| E. | 10% of dietary iron is normally absorbed |
| Answer» B. most iron is absorbed in the upper small intestine | |
| 98. |
Ketone bodies: |
| A. | are not formed under normal conditions |
| B. | are all moderately strong acids |
| C. | are formed when intracellular glucose is deficient |
| D. | are easily metabolised in the liver |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» C. are formed when intracellular glucose is deficient | |
| 99. |
Creatinuria can occur in all EXCEPT: |
| A. | healthy children |
| B. | pregnant women |
| C. | starvation |
| D. | hypothyroidism |
| E. | poorly controlled diabetes mellitus |
| Answer» D. hypothyroidism | |
| 100. |
Cations in normal (fasting) gastric juice include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | Na+ |
| B. | Ca++ |
| C. | K+ |
| D. | Mg++ |
| E. | H+ |
| Answer» B. Ca++ | |
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