McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
Chapters
| 151. |
Which of the following is NOT a purine? |
| A. | adenine |
| B. | cytosine |
| C. | guanine |
| D. | hypoxanthine |
| E. | xanthine |
| Answer» B. cytosine | |
| 152. |
Creatinine appears in the urine in significant amounts in all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | normal men |
| B. | thyrotoxicosis |
| C. | post-partum |
| D. | poorly controlled diabetes mellitus |
| E. | children |
| Answer» A. normal men | |
| 153. |
Regarding free fatty acids, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | circulate in plasma bound to globulin |
| B. | they are the major source of energy for cardiac muscle |
| C. | combine with glycerol to form the triglyceride of neutral fat |
| D. | contain an even number of carbon atoms |
| E. | require linkage to carnitine in order to cross mitochondrial membranes prior to oxidation |
| Answer» A. circulate in plasma bound to globulin | |
| 154. |
Which amino acid is NOT ketogenic (ie CAN’T be converted into acetoacetate)? |
| A. | leucine |
| B. | isoleucine |
| C. | phenylalanine |
| D. | tyrosine |
| E. | proline |
| Answer» E. proline | |
| 155. |
Regarding cholesterol, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | dietary cholesterol is absorbed in the intestine and incorporated into chylomicrons formed in the mucosa |
| B. | about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular |
| C. | negatively feeds back on its synthetic pathway |
| D. | most hepatic synthesised cholesterol is incorporated into VLDL |
| E. | thyroid hormones decrease the plasma cholesterol level |
| Answer» B. about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular | |
| 156. |
How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule metabolised aerobically via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and citric acid cycle? |
| A. | 32 |
| B. | 34 |
| C. | 36 |
| D. | 38 |
| E. | 40 |
| Answer» D. 38 | |
| 157. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of triglyceride? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» C. chylomicrons | |
| 158. |
Basal metabolic rate is GREATER in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT: |
| A. | children compared with adults |
| B. | Caucasians compared with Chinese and Indians |
| C. | females compared with males |
| D. | anxiety compared with depression |
| E. | feeding compared with starvation |
| Answer» C. females compared with males | |
| 159. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of cholesterol and cholesterol esters? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» D. LDL | |
| 160. |
What is the basal metabolic rate of an average sized man per day? |
| A. | 1000 Kcal |
| B. | 2000 Kcal |
| C. | 3000 Kcal |
| D. | 4000 Kcal |
| E. | 5000 Kcal |
| Answer» B. 2000 Kcal | |
| 161. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of protein? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» E. HDL | |
| 162. |
What is the most important factor affecting metabolic rate? |
| A. | muscular exertion |
| B. | recent ingestion of food |
| C. | high or low environmental temperature |
| D. | height, weight and surface area |
| E. | sex |
| Answer» A. muscular exertion | |
| 163. |
Which of the following are NON ESSENTIAL amino acids? |
| A. | valine |
| B. | leucine |
| C. | isoleucine |
| D. | cysteine |
| E. | methionine |
| Answer» D. cysteine | |
| 164. |
Regarding plasma protein, all of the following are correct EXCEPT: |
| A. | albumin, globulin and fibrinogen constitute the major plasma proteins in the plasma |
| B. | the fibrinogen polymerises into long fibrin threads during blood coagulation |
| C. | the principal function of albumin is to provide colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma |
| D. | the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue |
| E. | rapid loss of plasma proteins may occur during severe burns |
| Answer» D. the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue | |
| 165. |
Factors that predisposes to atherosclerosis includes all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | diabetes |
| B. | hypothyroidism |
| C. | smoking |
| D. | male sex |
| E. | female sex hormone |
| Answer» E. female sex hormone | |
| 166. |
Lipoproteins: |
| A. | chylomicrons are themselves very large lipoproteins composed of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and proteins |
| B. | VLDL contains a higher concentration of triglycerides and a moderate concentration of cholesterol and proteins |
| C. | HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides |
| D. | the majority of the lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver |
| E. | the primary function of the lipoproteins are to transport lipids in the blood from liver to adipose tissue |
| Answer» C. HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides | |
| 167. |
Glycogenolysis: |
| A. | is a process of formation of glycogen in the cell |
| B. | is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose |
| C. | is the conversion of glucose into fructose |
| D. | is the process of breakdown of galactose |
| E. | is the formation of galactose from fructose |
| Answer» B. is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose | |
| 168. |
Regarding ATP: |
| A. | ATP is a combination of adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate radicals |
| B. | ATP are present everywhere in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm |
| C. | ATP is otherwise called the energy currency of the body |
| D. | ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical |
| E. | ATP is a labile chemical compound that is present in all cells |
| Answer» D. ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical | |
| 169. |
In the body, metabolism of 10gm protein would produce approximately: |
| A. | 1 Kcal |
| B. | 41 Kcal |
| C. | 410 Kcal |
| D. | 4100 Kcal |
| E. | 41 Cal |
| Answer» B. 41 Kcal | |
| 170. |
Regarding 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol): |
| A. | it is formed by the action of sunlight on pre vitamin D3 |
| B. | it exerts its action via stimulation of adenylcyclase |
| C. | it decreases calcium reabsorption from kidneys |
| D. | its formation is increased with elevated plasma Ca++ levels |
| E. | it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins |
| Answer» E. it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins | |
| 171. |
The following are active components in the peripheral circulation, EXCEPT: |
| A. | T3 |
| B. | T4 |
| C. | DIT |
| D. | RT3 |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» C. DIT | |
| 172. |
Calitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) |
| A. | inhibits Ca++ absorption from the gut |
| B. | is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor |
| C. | levels rise in response to increase serum PO4 levels |
| D. | inhibits osteoclasts function |
| E. | inhibits osteoblasts function |
| Answer» B. is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor | |
| 173. |
Stimuli that increase renin secretion include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | hypotension |
| B. | Na+ depletion |
| C. | cardiac failure |
| D. | lying down |
| E. | diuretics |
| Answer» D. lying down | |
| 174. |
Regarding parathyroid hormone, which is NOT true? |
| A. | it decreases plasma phosphate |
| B. | it is secreted by chief cells of he parathyroid glands |
| C. | it is cleared by Kupffer cells of the liver |
| D. | its secretion is regulated by the level of bound Ca++ in plasma |
| E. | it increases bone reabsorption |
| Answer» D. its secretion is regulated by the level of bound Ca++ in plasma | |
| 175. |
Which of the following reduce insulin secretion? |
| A. | acetylcholine |
| B. | GIP |
| C. | glucagon |
| D. | adrenaline |
| E. | β ketoacids |
| Answer» D. adrenaline | |
| 176. |
With regard to the effect of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system, which of the following are TRUE? |
| A. | level of noradrenaline are increased |
| B. | β adrenergic receptor affinity is decreased in heart muscle |
| C. | circulating adrenaline levels are decreased |
| D. | thyroid hormone levels alter the ratio of cardiac myosin isoform types |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. thyroid hormone levels alter the ratio of cardiac myosin isoform types | |
| 177. |
Stimuli that increase aldosterone secretion and do not effect glucocorticoid secretion includes all EXCEPT: |
| A. | low Na+ intake |
| B. | high K+ intake |
| C. | standing |
| D. | secondary hyperaldosteronism |
| E. | haemorrhage |
| Answer» E. haemorrhage | |
| 178. |
Signs and effects of hyperparathyroidism include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | renal stones |
| B. | demineralization of bones |
| C. | Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs |
| D. | hypercalcaemia |
| E. | hypophosphataemia |
| Answer» C. Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs | |
| 179. |
Glucagon levels are increased by: |
| A. | secretin |
| B. | somatostatin |
| C. | cholecystokinin |
| D. | free fatty acids |
| E. | ketones |
| Answer» C. cholecystokinin | |
| 180. |
Insulin release: |
| A. | is inhibited by raised cyclic AMP in pancreatic β cells |
| B. | is not stimulated by blood glucose levels below 6mmol/l |
| C. | is increased by β adrenergic stimulators |
| D. | is inhibited by phosphor diesterase inhibitors |
| E. | is increased by somatostatin |
| Answer» C. is increased by β adrenergic stimulators | |
| 181. |
Trace elements believed essential to life include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | arsenic |
| B. | cyanide |
| C. | cobalt |
| D. | silicon |
| E. | nickel |
| Answer» B. cyanide | |
| 182. |
Mono-iodotyrosin (MIT) and diiodotyrosin (DIT) molecules: |
| A. | are deiodinated before joining to form T3 and T4 |
| B. | are secreted into plasma alongside T3 and T4 |
| C. | are the inactive metabolites of T3 and T4 |
| D. | are cleaved from thyroglobulin by proteases in lysosomes |
| E. | are usually excreted in the urine |
| Answer» D. are cleaved from thyroglobulin by proteases in lysosomes | |
| 183. |
Calcitonin secretion is stimulated by the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | gastrin |
| B. | somatostatin |
| C. | oestrogen |
| D. | cholecystokinin |
| E. | glucagon |
| Answer» B. somatostatin | |
| 184. |
With regard to gastric acid secretion, all the following are true EXCEPT: |
| A. | acetylcholine stimulates secretion |
| B. | both G protein and direct calcium channels are involved |
| C. | an H+ - K+ antiport transports H+ into the gastric lumen |
| D. | parietal cells have high levels of carbonic anhydrase |
| E. | acid secretion is maintained at constant levels by local feedback mechanisms |
| Answer» E. acid secretion is maintained at constant levels by local feedback mechanisms | |
| 185. |
Tissues in which insulin does NOT facilitate glucose uptake? |
| A. | red blood cells |
| B. | skeletal muscle |
| C. | cardiac muscle |
| D. | smooth muscle |
| E. | aorta |
| Answer» A. red blood cells | |
| 186. |
Regarding the “iodide pump” in thyroid cells, which is NOT true? |
| A. | it is stimulated by TSH |
| B. | it depends on Na+ / K+ ATPase activity |
| C. | it pumps iodide into the colloid, after entering the cell down an electrical gradient |
| D. | it pumps iodide against an electrical gradient |
| E. | its activity can be measured with trace doses of radioactive iodine |
| Answer» C. it pumps iodide into the colloid, after entering the cell down an electrical gradient | |
| 187. |
Which of the following enzymes are missing in the zona glomerulosa? |
| A. | 17 α hydroxylase |
| B. | 11 β hydroxylase |
| C. | 21 β hydroxylase |
| D. | cholesterol desmolase |
| E. | 3 β hydroxysteroid |
| Answer» A. 17 α hydroxylase | |
| 188. |
The effects of hyperthyroidism on the cardiovascular system include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | increased expression of α MHC isoforms in cardiac muscle |
| B. | increased catecholamine plasma levels |
| C. | increased number of β receptors |
| D. | increased affinity of β receptors |
| E. | vasodilation of peripheral vessels |
| Answer» B. increased catecholamine plasma levels | |
| 189. |
Regarding the control of thyroid secretion: |
| A. | free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary |
| B. | free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on hypothalamus |
| C. | free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus |
| D. | free T3 and T4 do not affect day to day control of their secretion |
| E. | the basal metabolic rate is the most important determinant of thyroid secretion |
| Answer» C. free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus | |
| 190. |
The following are true of chylomicrons EXCEPT: |
| A. | they are large lipoprotein complexes |
| B. | they are part of the exogenous lipid transport system |
| C. | they enter the circulation via the lymphatic ducts |
| D. | they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase on the surface of hepatocytes |
| E. | chylomicron remnants are bound to LDL R and endocytosed |
| Answer» D. they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase on the surface of hepatocytes | |
| 191. |
All of the following are true regarding chylomicrons EXCEPT: |
| A. | they contain triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids |
| B. | they are formed in the intestinal mucosa |
| C. | they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase |
| D. | they are transported to the liver by the portal circulation |
| E. | large numbers after a meal give the plasma a milky appearance |
| Answer» D. they are transported to the liver by the portal circulation | |
| 192. |
The tissue or organ with the greatest potential for increasing the metabolic rate of the body is: |
| A. | liver |
| B. | skin |
| C. | adipose tissue |
| D. | skeletal muscle |
| E. | digestive system |
| Answer» D. skeletal muscle | |
| 193. |
Triglycerides are transported to cells via: |
| A. | chylomicron remnants |
| B. | HDL |
| C. | LDL |
| D. | VLDL |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. VLDL | |
| 194. |
Regarding vitamin B12 |
| A. | it is a fat soluble vitamin |
| B. | its absorption is inhibited by trypsin |
| C. | it is mainly carried in plasma by attachment to albumin |
| D. | it undergoes enterohepatic circulation |
| E. | none of the above are true |
| Answer» D. it undergoes enterohepatic circulation | |
| 195. |
Regarding HDL: |
| A. | HDL transports ingested cholesterol from the intestine |
| B. | HDL transports triglycerides from peripheral tissues |
| C. | HDL receptors on macrophages are called scavenger receptors |
| D. | elevated HDL levels are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis |
| E. | none of the above are correct |
| Answer» C. HDL receptors on macrophages are called scavenger receptors | |
| 196. |
Regarding free fatty acids in plasma, which of the following is NOT true? |
| A. | they account for less than 10% of total fatty acids in plasma |
| B. | they are complexed with a protein carrier |
| C. | they can be metabolised to CO2 and water in skeletal and cardiac muscle |
| D. | their level in plasma decreases as plasma adrenaline increases |
| E. | they are converted to energy by the citric acid cycle |
| Answer» D. their level in plasma decreases as plasma adrenaline increases | |
| 197. |
Ubiquitin is: |
| A. | an essential amino acid |
| B. | a polypeptide that tags proteins for degradation |
| C. | a cell membrane glycoprotein |
| D. | a precursor or uric acid |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. a polypeptide that tags proteins for degradation | |
| 198. |
In a fasting adult at rest: |
| A. | skeletal muscle metabolises mainly glucose |
| B. | the brain accounts for approximately 40% of glucose utilised |
| C. | blood glucose concentrations are higher in women than in men |
| D. | blood glucose levels are maintained initially by hepatic glycogenolysis |
| E. | ketones are absent from plasma |
| Answer» D. blood glucose levels are maintained initially by hepatic glycogenolysis | |
| 199. |
Uric acid handling by the kidneys involves: |
| A. | filtration only |
| B. | secretion by tubules only |
| C. | filtration and secretion |
| D. | filtration and reabsorption |
| E. | filtration, reabsorption and secretion |
| Answer» E. filtration, reabsorption and secretion | |
| 200. |
The following vitamin is fat soluble: |
| A. | niacin |
| B. | B6 |
| C. | K |
| D. | pantothenic acid |
| E. | biotin |
| Answer» C. K | |
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