McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
Chapters
| 201. |
With regard to the metabolism of carbohydrates: |
| A. | in the absence of liver glycogen stores, glycogen administration does not cause hyperglycaemia |
| B. | glucocorticoids have a minor effect on gluconeogenesis |
| C. | growth hormone causes increased use of glucose for energy |
| D. | glucose is absorbed by most cells by active sodium glucose co-transport |
| E. | during starvation, stores last for less than 24 hours |
| Answer» E. during starvation, stores last for less than 24 hours | |
| 202. |
With regard to lipid metabolism: |
| A. | only HDL is formed in the liver |
| B. | fatty acids in the plasma form 1:1 complexes with albumin |
| C. | plasma cholesterol levels rise considerably with an increase in daily ingestion |
| D. | free fatty acids are metabolised in preference to glucose in a non-exercising individual |
| E. | utilisation of fatty acids is stimulated by glucocorticoids |
| Answer» E. utilisation of fatty acids is stimulated by glucocorticoids | |
| 203. |
With regard to carbohydrate metabolism: |
| A. | the normal fasting glucose is from 3.9 to 11.0mmol/L |
| B. | glucose is phosphylated in cells to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoenol-pyrunate carboxykinase |
| C. | glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is only in the liver and skeletal muscle |
| D. | glucose can be converted to fats through acetyl CoA which is irreversible |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. glucose can be converted to fats through acetyl CoA which is irreversible | |
| 204. |
Which statement regarding glucagon is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is used as an antidote in symptomatic beta blocker overdosage |
| B. | it is synthesised in the A cells of the pancreatic islets and in small intestinal mucosal cells |
| C. | its major site of metabolism is in the plasma |
| D. | it is synthesised in common with glicentin |
| E. | the exogenous glucagon is associated with nausea and vomiting |
| Answer» C. its major site of metabolism is in the plasma | |
| 205. |
Which of the following is NOT an action of somatostatin? |
| A. | it inhibits glucagon secretion |
| B. | it is a synaptic transmitter in the retina |
| C. | it inhibits insulin secretion |
| D. | it increases contraction of the gallbladder |
| E. | it inhibits pancreatic polypeptide secretion |
| Answer» D. it increases contraction of the gallbladder | |
| 206. |
Glucagon increases the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | catecholamines from a phaeochromocytoma |
| B. | atrial natriuretic peptide |
| C. | growth hormone |
| D. | insulin |
| E. | calcitonin from a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid |
| Answer» B. atrial natriuretic peptide | |
| 207. |
Regarding the actions of glucagon, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it increases blood lactate level |
| B. | it activates hormone-sensitive lipase |
| C. | it has a positive inotropic effect on myocardium |
| D. | large amounts cause intestinal relaxation |
| E. | it decreases renal tubular sodium reabsorption |
| Answer» A. it increases blood lactate level | |
| 208. |
Which of the following does NOT increase pancreatic polypeptide secretion? |
| A. | protein ingestion |
| B. | fasting |
| C. | exercise |
| D. | acute hypoglycaemia |
| E. | intravenous glucose |
| Answer» E. intravenous glucose | |
| 209. |
Which iodinated compound is present in GREATEST amounts in the adult thyroid gland? |
| A. | T4 |
| B. | DIT |
| C. | MIT |
| D. | T3 |
| E. | RT3 |
| Answer» A. T4 | |
| 210. |
Regarding the action of glucagon on the liver, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it causes glycogenolysis via activation of adenylate cyclase |
| B. | it decreases metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate |
| C. | it causes glycogenolysis via activation of phospholipase C |
| D. | it increases gluconeogenesis from available amino acids |
| E. | it decreases ketone body formation |
| Answer» E. it decreases ketone body formation | |
| 211. |
Regarding the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | iodine undergoes rapid oxidation following entry to thyroid cells |
| B. | the “iodine pump” is the major source of iodine for hormone synthesis |
| C. | TSH increases iodine uptake by the thyroid gland |
| D. | thiocyanate and ouabain decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid gland |
| E. | it involves iodination of thyrosine residues in thyroglobulin |
| Answer» B. the “iodine pump” is the major source of iodine for hormone synthesis | |
| 212. |
Which of the following does NOT inhibit secretion of glucagon? |
| A. | ketones |
| B. | α adrenoceptor agonists |
| C. | secretin |
| D. | amino acids |
| E. | somatostatin |
| Answer» D. amino acids | |
| 213. |
Which plasma protein has the greatest thyroxine binding capacity? |
| A. | α 1-acid glycoprotein |
| B. | thyroxine-binding pre-albumin |
| C. | albumin |
| D. | thyroxine-binding globulin |
| E. | orosomucoid |
| Answer» C. albumin | |
| 214. |
Which of the following does NOT increase secretion of glucagon? |
| A. | diabetes mellitus |
| B. | β adrenoceptor agonists |
| C. | GABA |
| D. | starvation |
| E. | exercise |
| Answer» C. GABA | |
| 215. |
Which plasma protein has the greatest thyroxine-binding affinity? |
| A. | α 1-acid glycoprotein |
| B. | thyroxine-binding pre-albumin |
| C. | albumin |
| D. | thyroxine-binding globulin |
| E. | orosomucoid |
| Answer» D. thyroxine-binding globulin | |
| 216. |
Regarding insulin, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it consists of two polypeptide chains linked by two disulphide bridges |
| B. | the majority of exogenous insulin is metabolised by the liver |
| C. | it is not the only molecule responsible for insulin-like activity in the blood |
| D. | it increases intracellular potassium concentration |
| E. | exercise increases the affinity of its receptors for insulin |
| Answer» B. the majority of exogenous insulin is metabolised by the liver | |
| 217. |
Which iodinated compound is present in the SMALLEST amounts in the adult thyroid gland? |
| A. | T4 |
| B. | DIT |
| C. | MIT |
| D. | T3 |
| E. | RT3 |
| Answer» E. RT3 | |
| 218. |
Which of the following hormones does NOT increase the hepatic output of glucose? |
| A. | growth hormone |
| B. | adrenaline |
| C. | glucagon |
| D. | noradrenaline |
| E. | cortisol |
| Answer» A. growth hormone | |
| 219. |
Which thyroid hormone has the longest plasma half-life? |
| A. | T4 |
| B. | DIT |
| C. | MIT |
| D. | T3 |
| E. | RT3 |
| Answer» A. T4 | |
| 220. |
Regarding the action of insulin on adipose tissue, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it induces lipoprotein lipase which actively hydrolyses triglyceride from circulating lipoproteins |
| B. | it reduces circulating free fatty acids |
| C. | it promotes triglyceride storage in adipocytes |
| D. | it directly inhibits intracellular lipase |
| E. | its effects appear to involve phosphorylation of lipases |
| Answer» E. its effects appear to involve phosphorylation of lipases | |
| 221. |
Which of the following tissues possess FEW thyroid hormone receptors? |
| A. | liver |
| B. | testis |
| C. | kidney |
| D. | heart |
| E. | skeletal muscle |
| Answer» B. testis | |
| 222. |
Which glucose transporter is responsible for insulin-mediated glucose uptake in striated muscle and adipose tissue? |
| A. | glut 1 |
| B. | glut 2 |
| C. | glut 3 |
| D. | glut 4 |
| E. | glut 5 |
| Answer» D. glut 4 | |
| 223. |
Where are the receptors located by which thyroid hormones mediate most of their effects? |
| A. | cell membrane |
| B. | outer mitochondrial membrane |
| C. | nuclear chromatin |
| D. | inner mitochondrial membrane |
| E. | cytoplasm |
| Answer» C. nuclear chromatin | |
| 224. |
Regarding the action of insulin in skeletal muscle, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it decreases protein catabolism |
| B. | it induces glucogen synthase |
| C. | it decreases ketone uptake |
| D. | it increases amino acid uptake |
| E. | it decreases the release of gluconeogenic amino acids |
| Answer» C. it decreases ketone uptake | |
| 225. |
Which thyroid hormone possesses the GREATEST biological activity? |
| A. | T4 |
| B. | DIT |
| C. | MIT |
| D. | T3 |
| E. | RT3 |
| Answer» D. T3 | |
| 226. |
Which glucose transporter is responsible for the facilitated diffusion of glucose into pancreatic B cells? |
| A. | glut 1 |
| B. | glut 2 |
| C. | glut 3 |
| D. | glut 4 |
| E. | glut 5 |
| Answer» B. glut 2 | |
| 227. |
Regarding the effects of thyroid hormones, which of the following does NOT occur? |
| A. | it increases metabolic rate |
| B. | it directly stimulates sodium-potassium ATPase |
| C. | it increases protein and fat catabolism |
| D. | it increases body temperature |
| E. | it increases cerebral oxygen consumption |
| Answer» E. it increases cerebral oxygen consumption | |
| 228. |
Regarding the action of insulin on the liver, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it increases gluconeogenesis |
| B. | it decreases glycogenolysis |
| C. | it increases synthesis of triglyceride and VLDL |
| D. | it decreases cyclic AMP |
| E. | it increases phosphate uptake |
| Answer» A. it increases gluconeogenesis | |
| 229. |
Which statement regarding the thyroid gland and its hormones is INCORRECT? |
| A. | thyroid hyperactivity is associated with an increase in plasma catecholamines |
| B. | iodide trapping by thyroid cells is an active process |
| C. | thyroid hormones enter cells by diffusion across the cell membrane |
| D. | thyroid hormones cause an increase in 2,3 - DPG |
| E. | thyroid hormones increase growth hormone secretion |
| Answer» A. thyroid hyperactivity is associated with an increase in plasma catecholamines | |
| 230. |
Regarding the secretion of insulin, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | insulin is not required for glucose to enter pancreatic B cells |
| B. | it involves closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels |
| C. | it is a biphasic process involving two pools of insulin |
| D. | it involves opening of voltage-sensitive calcium channels |
| E. | glucose enters pancreatic B cells by combining with glut 4 |
| Answer» E. glucose enters pancreatic B cells by combining with glut 4 | |
| 231. |
Which of the following do NOT increase TSH secretion? |
| A. | TRH |
| B. | glucocorticoids |
| C. | infants exposed to cold temperature |
| D. | acute psychosis |
| E. | night time |
| Answer» B. glucocorticoids | |
| 232. |
Which of the following does NOT inhibit insulin secretion? |
| A. | somatostatin |
| B. | atropine |
| C. | propranolol |
| D. | gastrin |
| E. | phenytoin |
| Answer» D. gastrin | |
| 233. |
Which of the following does NOT increase intestinal calcium absorption? |
| A. | hypocalcaemia |
| B. | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| C. | glucocorticoids |
| D. | hypervitaminosis D |
| E. | protein in diet |
| Answer» C. glucocorticoids | |
| 234. |
Which of the following does NOT stimulate insulin secretion? |
| A. | acetoacetate |
| B. | glucagon |
| C. | hypokalaemia |
| D. | acetylcholine |
| E. | theophylline |
| Answer» C. hypokalaemia | |
| 235. |
Which of the following does NOT decrease intestinal calcium absorption? |
| A. | hypercalcaemia |
| B. | decreased PTH |
| C. | hypovitaminosis D |
| D. | growth hormone |
| E. | phytic acid and oxalate in intestine |
| Answer» D. growth hormone | |
| 236. |
Regarding the insulin receptor, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is present even in cells which do not increase their glucose intake in response to insulin |
| B. | insulin binds to the β subunit on the outer surface of the cell membrane |
| C. | it is a tetramer of two α and two β subunits |
| D. | the binding of insulin decreases the activity of tyrosine kinase on the intracellular end of the receptor |
| E. | the complex of insulin and receptor become internalised by the cell |
| Answer» B. insulin binds to the β subunit on the outer surface of the cell membrane | |
| 237. |
Which of the following does NOT increase plasma calcium? |
| A. | parathyroid hormone |
| B. | vitamin D |
| C. | growth hormone |
| D. | thyroxine |
| E. | calcitonin |
| Answer» E. calcitonin | |
| 238. |
Which of the following is NOT associated with an increase in erythropoietin secretion? |
| A. | aminophylline |
| B. | renal cell carcinoma |
| C. | cobalt salts |
| D. | thyroxine |
| E. | adenosine |
| Answer» A. aminophylline | |
| 239. |
Which of the following does NOT increase parathyroid hormone secretion? |
| A. | high plasma magnesium |
| B. | low plasma calcium |
| C. | high plasma phosphate |
| D. | β-adrenergic discharge |
| E. | cyclic AMP |
| Answer» A. high plasma magnesium | |
| 240. |
Regarding erythropoietin, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | its secretion increases within minutes to hours in response to hypoxia |
| B. | it causes pro-erythroblasts to mature more rapidly into erythrocytes |
| C. | the spleen and salivary glands secrete, but don’t synthesise it |
| D. | it inhibits apoptosis in erythroid stem cells |
| E. | the adult liver is able to synthesise enough for normal erythropoiesis in the absence of both kidneys |
| Answer» E. the adult liver is able to synthesise enough for normal erythropoiesis in the absence of both kidneys | |
| 241. |
Which statement regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH) is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is continuously secreted by the parathyroid glands |
| B. | it is synthesised and secreted by the oxyntic cells |
| C. | it is rapidly cleaved in the Kupffer cells of the liver |
| D. | it increases osteoclasts activity in bone |
| E. | it increases formation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
| Answer» B. it is synthesised and secreted by the oxyntic cells | |
| 242. |
Regarding endothelins, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | they can cause dose-dependent vasoconstriction in most vascular beds |
| B. | they activate phospholipase C |
| C. | they are structurally similar to vasoactive intestinal contractor |
| D. | they have negative inotropic effect |
| E. | there are low concentrations present in blood |
| Answer» D. they have negative inotropic effect | |
| 243. |
Which statement regarding calcitonin is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland |
| B. | it inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption |
| C. | total thyroidectomy is usually associated with hypercalcaemia |
| D. | it decreases renal tubular calcium and phosphate reabsorption |
| E. | it is only secreted when plasma calcium concentration exceeds 9.5mg/100ml |
| Answer» C. total thyroidectomy is usually associated with hypercalcaemia | |
| 244. |
Regarding atrial natriuretic peptide, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | cardiac innervation is not required for secretion to occur |
| B. | its action is terminated by receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| C. | its filtration fraction is decreased |
| D. | it is secreted by heart, lung and brain |
| E. | glucocorticoids increase its secretion |
| Answer» C. its filtration fraction is decreased | |
| 245. |
Regarding the role of vitamin D in calcium metabolism, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it increases renal tubular calcium and phosphate reabsorption |
| B. | it causes an increase in synthesis of calcium-binding protein |
| C. | it increases bone resorption |
| D. | it decreases bone formation |
| E. | it increases intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption |
| Answer» D. it decreases bone formation | |
| 246. |
Atrial natriuretic peptide decreases formation of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | aldosterone |
| B. | cyclic GMP |
| C. | renin |
| D. | vasopressin |
| E. | angiotensin III |
| Answer» B. cyclic GMP | |
| 247. |
Which of the following does NOT increase aldosterone secretion? |
| A. | constriction of the IVC in the thorax |
| B. | ACTH |
| C. | surgery |
| D. | hyperkalaemia |
| E. | lying supine from the standing position |
| Answer» E. lying supine from the standing position | |
| 248. |
Which of the following does NOT increase secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide? |
| A. | β-adrenoceptor agonists |
| B. | immersion in water up to the neck |
| C. | exercise |
| D. | endothelin |
| E. | changing from erect position to supine |
| Answer» A. β-adrenoceptor agonists | |
| 249. |
Regarding aldosterone, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it responds to changes in plasma sodium more strongly than changes in plasma potassium |
| B. | it is only synthesised in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex |
| C. | its main action is to increase the synthesis of sodium-potassium pumps |
| D. | angiotensins II and III have about equal mineralocorticoid stimulating activity |
| E. | it acts via a cytoplasmic receptor that has equal affinity for cortisol |
| Answer» A. it responds to changes in plasma sodium more strongly than changes in plasma potassium | |
| 250. |
A 15-year-old girl suffers from a malabsorption syndrome characterised by the malabsorption of fat. In which vitamin is she MOST likely to be deficient? |
| A. | niacin |
| B. | B6 |
| C. | K |
| D. | pantothenic acid |
| E. | biotin |
| Answer» C. K | |
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