McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
Chapters
| 101. |
Human hepatic bile (hepatic bile duct) is largely: |
| A. | water |
| B. | bile salts |
| C. | bile pigment |
| D. | cholesterol |
| E. | lecithin |
| Answer» A. water | |
| 102. |
The nutritionally essential amino acids include: |
| A. | alanine |
| B. | cysteine |
| C. | tyrosine |
| D. | methionine |
| E. | glutamine |
| Answer» D. methionine | |
| 103. |
The largest glycogen store in the adult body is in the: |
| A. | liver |
| B. | spleen |
| C. | muscle |
| D. | pancreas |
| E. | circulating red cell mass |
| Answer» C. muscle | |
| 104. |
TSH secretion is stimulated by: |
| A. | dopamine |
| B. | somatostatin |
| C. | cold temperatures |
| D. | stress |
| E. | glucocorticoids |
| Answer» C. cold temperatures | |
| 105. |
Thyroxine (T4) has greater affinity for: |
| A. | thyroxine-binding globulin |
| B. | transthyretin |
| C. | thyroxine-binding pre-albumin |
| D. | albumin |
| E. | triiodothyronine |
| Answer» A. thyroxine-binding globulin | |
| 106. |
GLUT is an example of: |
| A. | simple diffusion |
| B. | facilitated diffusion |
| C. | primary active transport |
| D. | secondary active transport |
| E. | endocytosis |
| Answer» B. facilitated diffusion | |
| 107. |
The most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas is: |
| A. | A cells |
| B. | B cells |
| C. | C cells |
| D. | D cells |
| E. | F cells |
| Answer» B. B cells | |
| 108. |
Both insulin and somatostatin: |
| A. | are released from extra-pancreatic sites |
| B. | receptors are linked to G proteins |
| C. | inhibit release of glucagon |
| D. | cause K+ uptake by cells |
| E. | are polypeptides containing two chains linked by disulphide bonds |
| Answer» C. inhibit release of glucagon | |
| 109. |
Aldosterone is secreted by: |
| A. | zona reticularis |
| B. | zona fasciculata |
| C. | zona glomerulosa |
| D. | zona fasciculata and reticularis |
| E. | zona glomerulosa and fasciculata |
| Answer» C. zona glomerulosa | |
| 110. |
Regarding aldosterone: |
| A. | it is released in response to hypokalaemia |
| B. | it has glucocorticoid action |
| C. | it works via G proteins to increase Na+ reabsorption |
| D. | its release results in alkaline urine |
| E. | it is highly protein-bound |
| Answer» B. it has glucocorticoid action | |
| 111. |
Calcitonin secretion is increased by: |
| A. | gastrin |
| B. | CCK |
| C. | secretin |
| D. | glucagon |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. all of the above | |
| 112. |
All of the following bind to intracellular receptors EXCEPT: |
| A. | cortisol |
| B. | aldosterone |
| C. | 1,25-DHCC |
| D. | parathyroid hormone |
| E. | thyroxine |
| Answer» D. parathyroid hormone | |
| 113. |
How many trophic hormones does the anterior pituitary produce? |
| A. | 2 |
| B. | 3 |
| C. | 5 |
| D. | 6 |
| E. | 8 |
| Answer» C. 5 | |
| 114. |
All of the following are high energy phosphate compounds EXCEPT: |
| A. | adenosine triphosphate |
| B. | glucose 6-phosphate |
| C. | creatine phosphate |
| D. | adenosine diphosphate |
| E. | guanosine triphosphate |
| Answer» B. glucose 6-phosphate | |
| 115. |
Under aerobic conditions, 1mol glucose forms: |
| A. | 2mol ATP |
| B. | 8mol ATP |
| C. | 16mol ATP |
| D. | 38mol ATP |
| E. | 42mol ATP |
| Answer» D. 38mol ATP | |
| 116. |
The approximate ratio of fat : CHO energy stores is: |
| A. | 2 : 1 |
| B. | 4 : 1 |
| C. | 10 : 1 |
| D. | 20 : 1 |
| E. | 40 : 1 |
| Answer» E. 40 : 1 | |
| 117. |
Nutritionally essential amino acids include: |
| A. | glycine |
| B. | serine |
| C. | lysine |
| D. | glutamine |
| E. | tyrosine |
| Answer» C. lysine | |
| 118. |
Uric acid is formed by the breakdown of: |
| A. | purines |
| B. | pyrimidines |
| C. | glutamine |
| D. | urea |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» A. purines | |
| 119. |
The LDL contains which aproprotein? |
| A. | A |
| B. | B-48 |
| C. | B-100 |
| D. | C |
| E. | E |
| Answer» C. B-100 | |
| 120. |
Regarding cellular metabolism of cholesterol: |
| A. | it inhibits HMG-CoA red??? |
| B. | is processed in part to other cholesterol esters by the enzyme acetyl CoA ??? acyltransferase |
| C. | it inhibits the formation of CO2 receptors |
| D. | all of the above |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 121. |
Which of the following substances decreases the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase? |
| A. | adrenaline |
| B. | thyroxine |
| C. | serotonin |
| D. | TSH |
| E. | prostaglandin E |
| Answer» E. prostaglandin E | |
| 122. |
Chromium deficiency leads to: |
| A. | insulin resistance |
| B. | hypogondal dwarfism |
| C. | anaemia |
| D. | changes in ossification |
| E. | thyroid disorder |
| Answer» A. insulin resistance | |
| 123. |
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency leads to: |
| A. | anaemia |
| B. | beri beir |
| C. | convulsions |
| D. | dermatitis |
| E. | pellagra |
| Answer» B. beri beir | |
| 124. |
Which of the following phosphate compounds is MOST important in the production of energy? |
| A. | AMP (adenosine monophosphate) |
| B. | ADP (adenosine diphosphate) |
| C. | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| D. | GTP (guanosine triphosphate) |
| E. | CTP (cytidine triphosphate) |
| Answer» C. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | |
| 125. |
Which of the following is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle? |
| A. | CO2 |
| B. | H+ ions |
| C. | NAD+ |
| D. | GTP (guanosine triphosphate) |
| E. | NADH |
| Answer» C. NAD+ | |
| 126. |
The renal threshold for glucose, the arterial blood level at which glycosuria appears, is approximately: |
| A. | 1.8g/dL |
| B. | 180mg/dL |
| C. | 18mg/dL |
| D. | 80mg/dL |
| E. | 800mg/dL |
| Answer» B. 180mg/dL | |
| 127. |
Which of the following amino acids are glucogenic (ie give rise to compounds readily converted to glucose)? |
| A. | alanine |
| B. | leucine |
| C. | isoleucine |
| D. | phenylalanine |
| E. | tyrosine |
| Answer» A. alanine | |
| 128. |
Which of the following lipoproteins is SMALLEST in size? |
| A. | chylomicrons |
| B. | very low density lipoproteins |
| C. | intermediate density lipoproteins |
| D. | low density lipoproteins |
| E. | high density lipoproteins |
| Answer» E. high density lipoproteins | |
| 129. |
Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is the ratio of CO2 and O2 in the body at any one time |
| B. | can go as high as 2.00 because lactic acid produces more oxygen |
| C. | in acidosis, it goes down |
| D. | in alkalosis it goes up |
| E. | it is possible for it to be negative |
| Answer» E. it is possible for it to be negative | |
| 130. |
Regarding body surface area, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| A. | is calculated using weight/height |
| B. | is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725 |
| C. | it does not affect the basal metabolic rate |
| D. | it does not affect the general metabolic rate |
| E. | it has an effect on the specific dynamic action of foodstuffs |
| Answer» B. is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725 | |
| 131. |
Regarding the basal metabolic rate, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is measured in the absence of disease, at room temperature, within 12 hours of a meal with a Benedict apparatus and the subject asleep |
| B. | it increases 24% per degree Celsius of body temperature above 37° |
| C. | it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss |
| D. | it declines in pregnancy |
| E. | it correlates closer to weight than to body surface area |
| Answer» C. it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss | |
| 132. |
Biological energy can be derived from all EXCEPT: |
| A. | lactic acid |
| B. | phosphorylcreatine |
| C. | guanosine triphosphate |
| D. | co enzyme A |
| E. | urea |
| Answer» E. urea | |
| 133. |
Regarding brown fat, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent |
| B. | it has extensive parasympathetic innervation |
| C. | it is more abundant in adults than in infants |
| D. | heat production is assisted by uncoupling of the H+ /ATP generator system in mitochondria |
| E. | brown fat cells contain multiple droplets of fat |
| Answer» A. it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent | |
| 134. |
Regarding thyroid hormones, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | thyroid hormones bind to receptors in cell nuclei |
| B. | T3 is less potent than T4 |
| C. | thyroid hormones increase O2 consumption |
| D. | T3 promotes nitrogen excretion |
| E. | cerebral glucose consumption is increased by thyroid hormones |
| Answer» B. T3 is less potent than T4 | |
| 135. |
Regarding thyroxine, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | increases number of β adrenergic receptors on the heart |
| B. | there is a preferential expression of α myosin in the muscle fibres of the heart in the presence of thyroxine |
| C. | thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel |
| D. | hyaluronic acid accumulates in the skin if there is a deficiency of thyroxine |
| E. | large doses can increase body temperature |
| Answer» C. thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel | |
| 136. |
Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time |
| B. | is related to tidal volume |
| C. | is inversely proportioned to pO2 |
| D. | has a value of 2.3 for fats |
| E. | varies with age |
| Answer» A. it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time | |
| 137. |
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? |
| A. | in a low protein diet, nitrogen excretion by the kidney decreases |
| B. | in a low protein diet, the maximal urine osmolarity is decreased |
| C. | there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids |
| D. | nitrogen balance becomes negative if a single amino acid is missing from the diet |
| E. | insulin spares the breakdown of muscle protein |
| Answer» C. there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids | |
| 138. |
Which of the following is an ESSENTIAL fatty acid? |
| A. | myristic acid |
| B. | palmitic acid |
| C. | stearic acid |
| D. | linolenic acid |
| E. | oleic acid |
| Answer» D. linolenic acid | |
| 139. |
Regarding protein metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | glucose has a protein sparing effect by increasing insulin secretion |
| B. | death occurs when protein depletion reaches 50% of normal level |
| C. | total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism |
| D. | most protein catabolised comes from the liver, spleen and skeletal muscles |
| E. | rapid protein depletion is the terminal phase once fat stores have been almost totally catabolised |
| Answer» C. total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism | |
| 140. |
Which of the following is NOT an unsaturated fatty acid? |
| A. | oleic acid |
| B. | arachidonic acid |
| C. | linoleic acid |
| D. | linolenic acid |
| E. | stearic acid |
| Answer» E. stearic acid | |
| 141. |
Regarding brown fat, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation |
| B. | responsible for part of the post-prandial heat production |
| C. | fat cells contain several droplets of fat |
| D. | prominent between and around the scapulae of infants |
| E. | fat cells contain many mitochondria |
| Answer» A. fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation | |
| 142. |
Regarding carbohydrate metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | hepatic glycogenolysis precedes skeletal muscle glycogenolysis |
| B. | blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores |
| C. | glycogen stores are exhausted after half to one day |
| D. | blood glucose level is maintained above a level that would produce symptomatic hypoglycaemia |
| E. | skeletal muscle contains about four times as much glycogen as the liver |
| Answer» B. blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores | |
| 143. |
Regarding lipoproteins, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues |
| B. | chylomicrons can cause post-prandial plasma to appear milky |
| C. | LDL are taken up by macrophages |
| D. | oestrogens increase plasma HDL levels |
| E. | elevated IDL levels predispose to atherosclerosis |
| Answer» A. VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues | |
| 144. |
Which of the following does NOT increase the activity of intracellular hormonesensitive lipase? |
| A. | GH |
| B. | PGE |
| C. | thyroxine |
| D. | glucagon |
| E. | cortisol |
| Answer» B. PGE | |
| 145. |
Which of the following causes a positive nitrogen balance? |
| A. | increased cortisol secretion |
| B. | starvation |
| C. | decreased insulin secretion |
| D. | forced immobilisation |
| E. | increased testosterone secretion |
| Answer» E. increased testosterone secretion | |
| 146. |
Which statement regarding lipoprotein lipase is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is not hormone sensitive |
| B. | it requires heparin as a co-factor |
| C. | it is confined to adipose tissue |
| D. | its activity is decreased by stress |
| E. | it clears chylomicrons and VLDL from circulation by degradation of triglyceride |
| Answer» C. it is confined to adipose tissue | |
| 147. |
Regarding uric acid, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | the majority of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule |
| B. | xanthine oxidase catalyses its synthesis |
| C. | may be elevated in leukaemia and pre-eclampsia |
| D. | does not undergo renal tubular secretion |
| E. | its excretion rate can be halved by changing to a purine-free diet |
| Answer» D. does not undergo renal tubular secretion | |
| 148. |
Regarding ketone bodies, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | formed following ingestion of a high fat/low carbohydrate diet |
| B. | acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate formation leads to a metabolic acidosis |
| C. | acetone is excreted in the urine |
| D. | readily metabolised by the liver |
| E. | acetone formation leads to ketotic breath |
| Answer» D. readily metabolised by the liver | |
| 149. |
Nucleotide breakdown releases purines and pyrimidines. Which of the following is NOT their subsequent fate? |
| A. | re-used to form nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids |
| B. | excreted unchanged in urine |
| C. | directly enter the urea cycle |
| D. | pyrimidines are catabolised to carbon dioxide and ammonia |
| E. | purines are catabolised to uric acid |
| Answer» C. directly enter the urea cycle | |
| 150. |
How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of a 6-carbon fatty acid metabolised via the TCA cycle to carbon dioxide and water? |
| A. | 36 |
| B. | 38 |
| C. | 40 |
| D. | 42 |
| E. | 44 |
| Answer» E. 44 | |
Done Studing? Take A Test.
Great job completing your study session! Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Challenge yourself, see how much you've learned, and identify areas for improvement. Don’t worry, this is all part of the journey to mastery. Ready for the next step? Take a quiz to solidify what you've just studied.