| 1. |
The animal which uses sounds as its ‘eyes’ is - |
| A. | Dog |
| B. | Cat |
| C. | Snake |
| D. | Bat |
| Answer» D. Bat | |
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Explanation: Bat echolocation is a perceptual system where ultrasonic sounds are emitted specifically to produce echoes. By comparing the outgoing pulse with the returning echoes, the brain and auditory nervous system can produce detailed images of the bat's surroundings. This allows bats to detect, localize and even classify their prey in complete darkness. At 130 decibels in intensity, bat calls are some of the most intense, airborne animal sounds. |
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| 2. |
The Vitamin which helps in clotting of blood is : |
| A. | A |
| B. | D |
| C. | B |
| D. | K |
| Answer» D. K | |
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Explanation: Vitamin K is a group, of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that are needed for the post translational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. |
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| 3. |
At very high altitude, the Red Blood Corpuscles in the human body will : |
| A. | increase in size |
| B. | decrease in size |
| C. | increase in number |
| D. | decrease in number |
| Answer» A. increase in size | |
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Explanation: Red Blood cells contain haemoglobin which is what the oxygen bindswith to form oxyhaemoglobin which is then transported to the different cells around the body. Oxygen bonds with the haemoglobin when it is at high partial pressure and then is released when there is a lower partial pressure of oxygen. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure of oxygen. This means that the current number of red blood cells in the body cannot meet the cells demands for oxygen. |
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| 4. |
What are the blood corpuscles that help to build up resistance against diseases? |
| A. | Leucocytes |
| B. | Monocytes |
| C. | Neutrophils |
| D. | Lymphoctyes |
| Answer» A. Leucocytes | |
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Explanation: White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell. They live for about three to four days in the average human body. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. |
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| 5. |
Which is the gland that holds the body's thermostat? |
| A. | Pineal |
| B. | Pituitary |
| C. | Thyroid |
| D. | Hypothalamus |
| Answer» D. Hypothalamus | |
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Explanation: The body keeps its core temperature constant at about 37 C by physiological adjustments controlled by the hypothalamus (Thermostat Center) where there are neurons sensitive to changes in skin and blood temperatures. The temperature-regulating centers are found in the Preoptic Area (the anteriorportion of the hypothalamus). This area receives input from temperature receptors in the skin and mucous membranes (Peripheral Thermoreceptors) and from internal structures(Central Thermoreceptors), which include the hypothalamus itself. |
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| 6. |
Pathogenic bacteria secrete - |
| A. | Antigens |
| B. | Antibodies |
| C. | Hormones |
| D. | Interferons |
| Answer» A. Antigens | |
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Explanation: Pathogenic bacteria secrete various virulence factors, including toxins, lipases and pro-teases that allow them to infect, breakdown and colonize host tissue. Among various modes of action that the pathogenic bacteria use to damage the host, pore formation (by pore forming toxins (PFTs)) and lipid hydrolysis (by phospholipases) modes are common in damaging the eukaryotic cell membrane. PFTs in their monomeric form are extracellular diffusible and able to form hydrophilic pores in cell membrane while phospholipases cleaves and hydrolyzes the ester bonds of most phospholipids in cell membrane. |
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| 7. |
Our bones, and teeth are generally made of |
| A. | Tricalcium phosphate |
| B. | Fluoropetite |
| C. | Chloropetite |
| D. | Hydrolith |
| Answer» A. Tricalcium phosphate | |
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Explanation: Our bones and teeth are generally made up of Tricalcium Phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca004)2. It is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime, BPL. Calcium phosphate is one of the main combustion products of bone. |
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| 8. |
Angora wool is extracted from — |
| A. | Rabbit |
| B. | Sheep |
| C. | Fox |
| D. | Goat |
| Answer» A. Rabbit | |
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Explanation: Angora wool refers to the downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit. Angora is known for its softness, thin fibres, and what knitters refer to as a halo (fluffiness). It is also known for its silky texture. It is much warmer and lighter than wool due to the hollow core, Angora rabbits produce coats in a variety of colours, from white through tan, gray, and brown to black |
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| 9. |
Which wood will become useless soon after exposing in the open air - |
| A. | Soft wood. |
| B. | Fibrous wood |
| C. | Wet wood |
| D. | Hard wood |
| Answer» C. Wet wood | |
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Explanation: Wood is a porous material and will absorb moisture from the air. Moisture is attracted to the walls of the tubes that make up the wood. Wood will only decay if it is in contact with the ground or wetted by an external source of moisture, such as rain seepage, plumbing leaks, or condensation. Dry wood will never decay. Also, the drier the wood, the less likely it is to be attacked by most types of woodinhabiting insects. |
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| 10. |
Which among the following is a large spectrum Antibiotic? |
| A. | Paracetamol |
| B. | Pencillin |
| C. | Ampicillin |
| D. | Chlormphenicol |
| Answer» C. Ampicillin | |
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Explanation: Ampicillin is the large spectrum anti-biotic most commonly used. Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is part of the amino- penicillin family and is roughly equivalent to its successor, amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity. It can sometimes result in reactions that range in severity from a rash (in the case of patients that may unwittingly have mononucleosis) to potentially lethal allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. |
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| 11. |
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? |
| A. | Polimyletis |
| B. | Malaria |
| C. | Whooping cough |
| D. | Ring worm |
| Answer» A. Polimyletis | |
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Explanation: Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute, viral, infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route. The term derives from the Greek polias, meaning "grey", myelOs, referring to the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the suffixitis, which denotes inflammation., i.e., inflammation of the spinal cord's grey matter, although a severe infection can extend into the brainstem and even higher structures, resulting in polioencephalitis, producing apnea that requires mechanical assistance such as an iron lung. |
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| 12. |
Which of the following is known as Vitamin B1? |
| A. | Retinol |
| B. | Thiamin |
| C. | Riboflavin |
| D. | Ascorbic Acid |
| Answer» B. Thiamin | |
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Explanation: Thiamine also called vitamin B 1, named as the "thio-vitamine" ("sulfur- containing vitamin") is a watersoluble vitamin of the B complex. First named aneurin for the detrimental neurological effects if not present in the diet, it was eventually assigned the generic descriptor name vitamin B 1. Its phosphate derivatives are involved in many cellular processes. |
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| 13. |
Which of the following hormone is released in excess quantity during excitement? |
| A. | Cortisone |
| B. | Serotonin |
| C. | Adrenaline |
| D. | Oestrogen |
| Answer» C. Adrenaline | |
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Explanation: Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. This powerful hormone is part of the human body's acute stress response system, also called the "fight or flight" response. It works by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs. |
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| 14. |
Clove, the commonly-used spice, is obtained from the |
| A. | Fruit |
| B. | Stem |
| C. | Root |
| D. | Flower bud |
| Answer» D. Flower bud | |
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Explanation: Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to the Maluku islands in Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisines all over the world. Cloves are harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. They have a numbing effect on mouth tissues. The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to a height ranging from 8- 12 ma, having large leaves and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. |
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| 15. |
Which one of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine? |
| A. | Creatinine |
| B. | Urea |
| C. | Uric acid |
| D. | Ketone bodies |
| Answer» D. Ketone bodies | |
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Explanation: Ketone bodies are three water- soluble compounds that are produced as by- products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. Two of the three are used as a source of energy in the heart and brain while the third is a waste product excreted from the body. When the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization, theirconcentration in blood increases, this is known as ketonemia. |
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| 16. |
Which one of the following cells produces antibodies? |
| A. | Eosinophil |
| B. | Monocyte |
| C. | Basophil |
| D. | Lymphocytes |
| Answer» D. Lymphocytes | |
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Explanation: Antibodies are secreted by a type of Lymphocytes (White Blood cell). Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell, and a membrane- bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B cell receptor (BCR). An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by lymphocytes that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen. |
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| 17. |
Which of the following is known an body builder? |
| A. | Protein |
| B. | Carbohydrates |
| C. | Vitamins |
| D. | Fats |
| Answer» A. Protein | |
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Explanation: Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. |
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| 18. |
Which of the following tests helps in diagnosis of cancer? |
| A. | Urine test |
| B. | Blood test |
| C. | Biopsy |
| D. | X-Ray |
| Answer» C. Biopsy | |
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Explanation: A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon or an interventional radiologist involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. When cancer is suspected, a variety of biopsy techniques can be applied. An excisional biopsy is an attempt to remove an entire lesion. When the specimen is evaluated, in addition to diagnosis, the amount of uninvolved tissue around the lesion, the surgical margin of the specimen is examined to see if the disease has spread beyond the area biopsied. |
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| 19. |
Chromosomes are made up of |
| A. | DNA |
| B. | Protein |
| C. | DNA and Protein |
| D. | RNA |
| Answer» C. DNA and Protein | |
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Explanation: Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. |
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| 20. |
Toxicology is related to the study of |
| A. | viruses |
| B. | bacteria |
| C. | diseases |
| D. | poisons |
| Answer» D. poisons | |
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Explanation: Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. The chief criterion regarding the toxicity of a chemical is the dose, i.e. the amount of exposure to the substance. All substances are toxic under the right conditions. |
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| 21. |
Which of the following hormones is released in excess quantity during excitement’? |
| A. | Cortisone |
| B. | Serotonin |
| C. | Adrenaline |
| D. | Oestrogen |
| Answer» C. Adrenaline | |
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Explanation: Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. This powerful hormone is part of the human body's acute stress response system, also called the "fight or flight" response. It works by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs. Additionally, it is used as a medical treatment for some potentially life-threatening conditions including anaphylactic shock. In the US, the medical community largely refers to this hormone as epinephrine, although the two terms may be used interchangeably. |
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| 22. |
In human body, Vitamin A is stored in the |
| A. | liver |
| B. | skin |
| C. | lung |
| D. | kidney |
| Answer» A. liver | |
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Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body in organs such as the liver. Most of the vitamin A that we consume goes to the liver to be stored until it is needed by another part of the body. |
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| 23. |
Cow milk is a rich source of – |
| A. | Vitamin A |
| B. | Vitamin B1 |
| C. | Vitamin C |
| D. | Vitamin D |
| Answer» B. Vitamin B1 | |
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Explanation: Milk is a good source of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Milk contains the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. |
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| 24. |
Which one of the following glands produces the growth hormone (somatotrophin)? |
| A. | Adrenal |
| B. | Pancreas |
| C. | Pituitary |
| D. | Thyroid |
| Answer» C. Pituitary | |
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Explanation: Growth hormone is produced in the growth-stimulating somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. |
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| 25. |
Which of the following is a skin disease? |
| A. | Rickets |
| B. | Osteomalacia |
| C. | Anaemia |
| D. | Pellagra |
| Answer» D. Pellagra | |
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Explanation: Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”. |
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