McqMate
1. |
What name did Freud give to his model of the mind which comprised the Id, Ego and Superego? |
A. | genetic model |
B. | structural model |
C. | topographical model |
D. | unconscious model |
Answer» B. structural model |
2. |
According to Freud, Displacement, Sublimation and Projection are all types of what? |
A. | psychosocial stage of development |
B. | defence mechanism |
C. | psychosexual stage of development |
D. | neurotic need |
Answer» B. defence mechanism |
3. |
Freud ascribed to the notion of psychic deterministm, which had an important influence on his theories of personality and approach to therapy. To what does this term refer? |
A. | the belief that the human mind is capable of telepathy |
B. | the belief that consciousness determines the development of personality |
C. | the belief that believing in an event will make it happen |
D. | the belief that all things happen for a reason |
Answer» D. the belief that all things happen for a reason |
4. |
Which of the following is a technique Freud used in therapy? |
A. | dream analysis |
B. | free association |
C. | projective techniques |
D. | all of these |
Answer» D. all of these |
5. |
According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women to overcome pen*s envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop? |
A. | their id could never fully develop |
B. | their ego could never fully develop |
C. | their superego could never fully develop |
D. | all of the above |
Answer» C. their superego could never fully develop |
6. |
Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial stages of development proposed by Erikson? |
A. | kidulthood |
B. | toddlerhood |
C. | infancy |
D. | middle adulthood |
Answer» A. kidulthood |
7. |
What aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personality development? |
A. | age of parents when first child was born |
B. | gender of siblings |
C. | birth order |
D. | size of extended family |
Answer» C. birth order |
8. |
Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to |
A. | "wait till later." |
B. | "do your own thing." |
C. | "don\t do it." |
D. | "oh, sit on it." |
Answer» C. "don\t do it." |
9. |
The unconscious contains |
A. | material that can easily be brought to awareness. |
B. | everything we are aware of at a given moment |
C. | repressed memories and emotions. |
D. | thoughts, perceptions, and memories. |
Answer» C. repressed memories and emotions. |
10. |
Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their |
A. | inability to test or verify concepts. |
B. | limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors. |
C. | ability to explain behavior after the fact only. |
D. | emphasis on the conditions under which behaviors occur. |
Answer» B. limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors. |
11. |
The concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are |
A. | biologically determined. |
B. | relatively permanent and enduring. |
C. | situation specific. |
D. | shared by a group. |
Answer» B. relatively permanent and enduring. |
12. |
The five-factor model of personality includes |
A. | social interactionism. |
B. | neuroticism. |
C. | agreeableness. |
D. | sense of humor. |
Answer» C. agreeableness. |
13. |
A personality theory is a(n) |
A. | category used to describe personality |
B. | interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality. |
C. | relatively permanent set of behavior patterns. |
D. | subjective evaluation of a person. |
Answer» B. interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality. |
14. |
Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biological urges seeking fulfillment? |
A. | ego |
B. | id |
C. | superego |
D. | subconscious |
Answer» B. id |
15. |
Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on |
A. | the over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development. |
B. | freud\s treatment of father-daughter relationship. |
C. | the need for a stern or threatening mother in the development of conscience. |
D. | the unimportance of the first years of life in the formation of personality. |
Answer» A. the over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development. |
16. |
One problem psychologists have with personality types is they |
A. | are hypothetical constructs |
B. | oversimplify personality |
C. | describe character, not personality |
D. | are not observable or measurable. |
Answer» B. oversimplify personality |
17. |
Freud believed that personality was typified by |
A. | a delicate balance of power among the three personality structures. |
B. | a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the healthy individual. |
C. | a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the unhealthy individal |
D. | a state of struggle among the three personality structures in which the id gets |
Answer» A. a delicate balance of power among the three personality structures. |
18. |
To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to |
A. | create traits that fit people. |
B. | increase the number of basic traits that have been identified. |
C. | classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior. |
D. | reduce the common traits to measures of temperament. |
Answer» C. classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior. |
19. |
According to Freud, the energy from life instincts that drives personality is called the |
A. | ego. |
B. | libido. |
C. | life force. |
D. | eros. |
Answer» B. libido. |
20. |
According to Freud, the id is governed by the |
A. | pleasure principle. |
B. | reality principle. |
C. | ego ideal. |
D. | creature comfort principle. |
Answer» A. pleasure principle. |
21. |
Learning theorists |
A. | have removed the "person" from personality. |
B. | emphasize situational determinants of behavior. |
C. | stress the role of the unconscious. |
D. | would view a trait as stable in all situations. |
Answer» B. emphasize situational determinants of behavior. |
22. |
In the Freudian view of personality, which system is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts? |
A. | id |
B. | ego |
C. | superego |
D. | libido |
Answer» A. id |
23. |
According to Freud, the ego is governed by the |
A. | pleasure principle. |
B. | reality principle. |
C. | ego ideal. |
D. | partial ego principle. |
Answer» B. reality principle. |
24. |
The five-factor model of personality includes |
A. | social interactionism. |
B. | conscientiousness. |
C. | sense of humor. |
D. | neuroticism. |
Answer» B. conscientiousness. |
25. |
According to Jung, art, religion, myths, and drama are important to individual functioning because they |
A. | facilitate conscious development. |
B. | are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes. |
C. | provide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment. |
D. | transmit specific information for solving developmental tasks. |
Answer» B. are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes. |
26. |
One of Freud's major contributions was his |
A. | belief that the first years of life help to shape personality. |
B. | belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts. |
C. | discovery of complexes during the genital stage. |
D. | elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development. |
Answer» A. belief that the first years of life help to shape personality. |
27. |
What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction? |
A. | situations change traits. |
B. | situations create new traits. |
C. | traits determine situations. |
D. | situations affect how traits are exhibited. |
Answer» D. situations affect how traits are exhibited. |
28. |
An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a |
A. | psychodynamic therapist. |
B. | behaviorist. |
C. | humanistic therapist. |
D. | trait theorist. |
Answer» D. trait theorist. |
29. |
The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of |
A. | the fallacy of positive instances |
B. | deliberate deceit by the twins. |
C. | deliberate deceit by the researchers. |
D. | the barnum effect. |
Answer» A. the fallacy of positive instances |
30. |
Psychologists who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and that people are inherently good are |
A. | psychoanalysts. |
B. | radical behaviorists. |
C. | social learning theorists. |
D. | humanists. |
Answer» D. humanists. |
31. |
According to the humanists, __________ occurs when people are free from dependence on external authority or on other people. |
A. | autonomy |
B. | spontaneity |
C. | peak experience |
D. | task centering |
Answer» A. autonomy |
32. |
A psychiatrist who explains pathological behavior as a conflict between underlying psychological forces is using the __________ model. |
A. | psychoanalytic |
B. | behavioral |
C. | medical |
D. | humanistic |
Answer» A. psychoanalytic |
33. |
According to behaviorists, |
A. | hostile, generous, or destructive impulses arise in the unconscious. |
B. | personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning. |
C. | personality is strongly influenced by one\s self-image. |
D. | personality develops from initial feelings of inferiority. |
Answer» B. personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning. |
34. |
The part of the mind that is beyond awareness is called the |
A. | unconscious. |
B. | conscious. |
C. | postconscious. |
D. | preconscious. |
Answer» A. unconscious. |
35. |
The __________ contains material of which you may be unaware but that can easily be brought to awareness. |
A. | subconscious |
B. | preconscious |
C. | unconscious |
D. | conscious |
Answer» B. preconscious |
36. |
According to Freud, the key to mental health is |
A. | an overpowering superego. |
B. | an unrestrained id. |
C. | dominance of the pleasure principle. |
D. | balance among mental processes. |
Answer» D. balance among mental processes. |
37. |
If you know the personality of an identical twin, you can expect the personality of the other twin to be |
A. | unrelated. |
B. | similar. |
C. | identical. |
D. | conflicting. |
Answer» B. similar. |
38. |
The __________ begins with puberty and ends with a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality. |
A. | latency period |
B. | oedipal and electra conflicts |
C. | genital stage |
D. | phallic stage |
Answer» C. genital stage |
39. |
Which is included as one of the traits Maslow theorized were possessed by selfactualizer? |
A. | egocentrism |
B. | extraversion |
C. | superior intelligence |
D. | capacity to laugh at oneself |
Answer» D. capacity to laugh at oneself |
40. |
We each have a perception of our own personality traits. This perception strongly influences our behavior. Psychologists call this perception |
A. | self-evaluation. |
B. | inner concept. |
C. | self-concept. |
D. | self-esteem. |
Answer» C. self-concept. |
41. |
A key element of Carl Rogers' personality theory is the concept of |
A. | meta-needs. |
B. | the self or self-image. |
C. | self-reinforcement. |
D. | the pleasure principle. |
Answer» B. the self or self-image. |
42. |
According to Freud, the Oedipal and Electra conflicts end when a child takes on the values and behaviors of the same sex parent in a process called |
A. | fixation. |
B. | imitation. |
C. | observation. |
D. | identification. |
Answer» D. identification. |
43. |
Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, the child is said to go through the __________ stage. |
A. | phallic |
B. | latency |
C. | anal |
D. | genital |
Answer» C. anal |
44. |
The position that personality is composed of learned patterns is held by |
A. | neo-freudians. |
B. | humanists. |
C. | behaviorists or behavioral personality theorists. |
D. | psychoanalytic theorists. |
Answer» C. behaviorists or behavioral personality theorists. |
45. |
Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud? |
A. | psychoanalytic |
B. | behavioristic |
C. | humanistic |
D. | psychosocial |
Answer» A. psychoanalytic |
46. |
Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called |
A. | persona. |
B. | collective consciousness. |
C. | archetypes. |
D. | mandalas. |
Answer» C. archetypes. |
47. |
The description of a person's character implies |
A. | the use of rating scales. |
B. | the use of multiple observers. |
C. | the use of situational testing. |
D. | judgment about the desirability of traits. |
Answer» D. judgment about the desirability of traits. |
48. |
The main criticism of humanistic theory is that |
A. | it emphasizes the negative dimensions of personality. |
B. | it is research rather than experience oriented. |
C. | its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively. |
D. | its approach is more empirical than philosophical. |
Answer» C. its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively. |
49. |
If self-esteem is too high, the person may be |
A. | boring. |
B. | ineffective. |
C. | dull. |
D. | arrogant. |
Answer» D. arrogant. |
50. |
Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to |
A. | stress. |
B. | personal growth. |
C. | humanki |
Answer» B. personal growth. |
51. |
Freud believed that at each psychosexual stage a different part of the body becomes |
A. | id-fixated. |
B. | archetypical. |
C. | an erogenous zone. |
D. | a source for modeling. |
Answer» C. an erogenous zone. |
52. |
Self-actualization refers to |
A. | a tendency that causes human personality problems. |
B. | what it is that makes certain men and women famous. |
C. | anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials. |
D. | the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich. |
Answer» C. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials. |
53. |
The term personality refers to |
A. | the hereditary aspects of one\s emotional nature. |
B. | unique and enduring behavior patterns. |
C. | favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics. |
D. | charisma, character, or temperament. |
Answer» B. unique and enduring behavior patterns. |
54. |
__________ theories stress private, subjective experience and personal growth. |
A. | trait |
B. | humanistic |
C. | behavioristic |
D. | psychodynamic |
Answer» B. humanistic |
55. |
During the first year of life, the child is said to go through the __________ stage. |
A. | oral |
B. | anal |
C. | genital |
D. | phallic |
Answer» A. oral |
56. |
Critics of psychoanalytic personality theory note its failure to |
A. | be able to predict future behavior. |
B. | provide a role for biological instincts in personality development. |
C. | explain psychological events after they have occurr |
Answer» A. be able to predict future behavior. |
57. |
Learning sex-appropriate behavior is greatly influenced by |
A. | self-reinforcement and resolution of unconscious conflicts. |
B. | identification and imitation. |
C. | toilet training and early feeding contacts. |
D. | valuing and self-regard. |
Answer» B. identification and imitation. |
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