McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
Chapters
| 51. |
The IVC passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8, which is TRUE? |
| A. | this occurs to the left of the midline behind the 7th costal cartilage |
| B. | the left phrenic nerve accompanies it |
| C. | this occurs behind the 8th right costal cartilage |
| D. | the right phrenic nerve accompanies it |
| E. | it passes between the muscular levels of the diaphragm |
| Answer» D. the right phrenic nerve accompanies it | |
| 52. |
Accessory muscles of inspiration include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | scalene muscles |
| B. | latissimus dorsi |
| C. | sternocleidomastoid |
| D. | quadratus lumborum |
| E. | erector spinae |
| Answer» B. latissimus dorsi | |
| 53. |
With respect to the superior mediastinum, which is FALSE? |
| A. | the trachea is separated from the apex of the left lung by the left common carotid and left subclavian |
| B. | the SUC and brachiocephalic veins lie anterior to the brachiocephalic trunk |
| C. | the vagus nerve (right) lies medial to the right common carotid artery |
| D. | the trachea bifurcates at the lower limit of the superior mediastinum |
| E. | the thymus lies behind the manubrium |
| Answer» C. the vagus nerve (right) lies medial to the right common carotid artery | |
| 54. |
With respect to the mediastinum: |
| A. | the vagus nerves pass in front of the lung roots |
| B. | the phrenic nerves pass behind the lung roots |
| C. | the vagus nerves pass behind the lung roots |
| D. | the left phrenic passes anterior to the left bronchus and exits the diaphragm through the IVC opening |
| E. | the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum |
| Answer» C. the vagus nerves pass behind the lung roots | |
| 55. |
With respect to the cardiac plexuses: |
| A. | the superficial plexus lies to the right of the ligamentum arteriosum, in front of the tracheal bifurcation, behind the aortic arch |
| B. | the deep plexus is smaller and lies in front of the ligamentum arteriosum |
| C. | the plexuses consist only of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres |
| D. | pain fibres run with sympathetic nerves → sympathetic ganglia (3 cervical and upper 4-5 thoracic ganglia of both sides) |
| E. | sympathetic fibres accelerate the heart and constrict the coronary arteries |
| Answer» D. pain fibres run with sympathetic nerves → sympathetic ganglia (3 cervical and upper 4-5 thoracic ganglia of both sides) | |
| 56. |
With respect to the heart: |
| A. | the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface is made up of one third right ventricle and two thirds left ventricle, separated by the posterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery |
| B. | the right border of the heart extends from the lower border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the lower border of the right 6th costal cartilage |
| C. | the posterior surface (base) consists almost entirely of the left atrium receiving the three pulmonary veins |
| D. | the left border consists of the left ventricle only |
| E. | the right border consists mostly of the right atrium |
| Answer» B. the right border of the heart extends from the lower border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the lower border of the right 6th costal cartilage | |
| 57. |
All but which of the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus of the heart? |
| A. | the anterior cardiac vein |
| B. | the great cardiac vein |
| C. | the middle cardiac vein |
| D. | the oblique vein (of the LA) |
| E. | the posterior vein of the LV |
| Answer» A. the anterior cardiac vein | |
| 58. |
The posterior mediastinum contains all but which of the following? |
| A. | thoracic aorta |
| B. | oesophagus |
| C. | accessory hemiazygous vein |
| D. | the azygous vein |
| E. | the sympathetic trunks |
| Answer» E. the sympathetic trunks | |
| 59. |
With respect to the root of the lung: |
| A. | the left pulmonary artery is longer than the right |
| B. | the bronchial branch to the upper lobe is separate on the left |
| C. | the pulmonary veins lie anterior and inferior to bronchus |
| D. | the pulmonary ligament connects the right and left lungs directly |
| E. | the pulmonary trunk divides in front of the right main bronchus |
| Answer» C. the pulmonary veins lie anterior and inferior to bronchus | |
| 60. |
The deep cardiac plexus: |
| A. | is functionally separate from the superficial cardiac plexus |
| B. | lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum |
| C. | receives predominantly right phrenic input |
| D. | is posterior to the bifurcation of the trachea |
| E. | is smaller than the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» B. lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum | |
| 61. |
The abdominal inferior vena cava: |
| A. | is shorter than the abdominal aorta |
| B. | enters the thorax through muscular diaphragm at T8 |
| C. | creates a groove over the quadrate lobe of liver |
| D. | crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries |
| E. | commences in front of the right common iliac artery |
| Answer» D. crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries | |
| 62. |
The testicular veins: |
| A. | have valves at their terminations |
| B. | is formed by two venae comitantes in the pelvis |
| C. | enter the inferior vena cava |
| D. | receive the suprarenal veins as tributaries |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. have valves at their terminations | |
| 63. |
Regarding the ribs: |
| A. | the 1st costal cartilage articulates with the manubrium by a synovial joint |
| B. | the radiate ligament has two bands, upper and lower |
| C. | the typical ribs are 3rd to 10th |
| D. | the groove for the subclavian artery is anterior to the scalene tubercle on the 1st rib |
| E. | the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature |
| Answer» E. the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature | |
| 64. |
Regarding attachments to the thoracic cage: |
| A. | pectoralis major has slips of origin from the upper 8 costal cartilages |
| B. | the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib |
| C. | rectus abdominus is attached to the anterior surfaces of the 7th to 10th costal cartilages |
| D. | iliocostalis and longissimus, parts of erector spinae, are attached between the heads and tubercles of each rib |
| E. | serratus anterior is attached to the lower 8 ribs |
| Answer» B. the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib | |
| 65. |
In the superior mediastinum: |
| A. | the azygous vein arches under the right main bronchus |
| B. | the right brachiocephalic vein receives the thoracic duct |
| C. | the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves |
| D. | the superficial cardiac plexus contains right and left vagal and sympathetic fibres |
| E. | the superior vena cava receives the azygous vein at the lower border of the right 1st costal cartilage |
| Answer» C. the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves | |
| 66. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the superior vena cava does not fuse with the fibrous pericardium |
| B. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| C. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| D. | the strong sternopericardial ligaments connect fibrous pericardium to upper/lower ends of sternum |
| E. | the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium |
| Answer» E. the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium | |
| 67. |
Regarding the gastrointestinal tract: |
| A. | the oesophagus enters the abdomen at T8 level |
| B. | the right gastric artery is a branch of the splenic artery |
| C. | the hepatopancreatic ampilla opens into the horizontal part of the duodenum |
| D. | the taeniae coli converge at the ileocaecal valve |
| E. | McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus |
| Answer» E. McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus | |
| 68. |
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are: |
| A. | derived from S1, 2, 3, 4 |
| B. | motor to the mm of bladder neck and anal sphincter |
| C. | motor to all the gut |
| D. | secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome |
| E. | sympathetic nerves |
| Answer» D. secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome | |
| 69. |
The anterior third of the serotom is supplied by: |
| A. | ilioinguinal nerve |
| B. | sciatic nerve branches |
| C. | peroneal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
| D. | a branch of the pudendal nerve |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. ilioinguinal nerve | |
| 70. |
The ureters: |
| A. | are 25cm long |
| B. | are crossed anteriorly by gonadal vessels |
| C. | leave the psoas muscle at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery |
| D. | are retroperitoneal |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. all of the above | |
| 71. |
Regarding intercostal blood vessels: |
| A. | in each space there are single anterior and posterior intercostal veins |
| B. | right sided superior intercostal vv drain into the brachiocephalic vein |
| C. | the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery |
| D. | all intercostal vv are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| E. | all this is clinically relevant |
| Answer» C. the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery | |
| 72. |
Regarding blood supply to the heart: |
| A. | the SA nodal artery is more commonly a branch of the left coronary artery |
| B. | 40% of hearts show “left dominance” |
| C. | the marginal and anterior interventricular arteries are the main branches of the left coronary artery |
| D. | the right coronary artery arises from the posterior aortic sinus |
| E. | the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove |
| Answer» E. the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove | |
| 73. |
With respect to the bronchi: |
| A. | the carina lies to the left of the midline |
| B. | the left apicoposterior bronchus of the upper lobe rises highest from the posterior surface of the lung |
| C. | each lung has eight segmental bronchi |
| D. | the left main bronchus is shorter than the right |
| E. | blood supply is via the pulmonary arteries |
| Answer» A. the carina lies to the left of the midline | |
| 74. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | commences at L1 |
| B. | passes through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm (T10) |
| C. | enters the right side of the superior mediastinum |
| D. | does not drain the right arm |
| E. | terminates in the inferior vena cava |
| Answer» D. does not drain the right arm | |
| 75. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmits: |
| A. | azygous vein |
| B. | vagus nerve |
| C. | right phrenic nerve |
| D. | sympathetic trunk |
| E. | thoracic duct |
| Answer» B. vagus nerve | |
| 76. |
Regarding the intercostal space: |
| A. | the neurovascular space lies deep to the transversus group |
| B. | the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs |
| C. | the first intercostal nerve does not supply muscle |
| D. | the lower third intercostal nerves supply the abdominal wall |
| E. | all intercostal arteries are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| Answer» B. the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs | |
| 77. |
The azygous vein: |
| A. | has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen |
| B. | begins as the union of ascending lumbar vein with the subcostal vein on the left side |
| C. | arches over the right pulmonary artery |
| D. | receives veins from the upper third of the oesophagus |
| E. | usually enters the brachiocephalic vein |
| Answer» A. has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen | |
| 78. |
Which doesn’t drain into the cardiac sinus? |
| A. | great cardiac vein |
| B. | anterior cardiac vein |
| C. | small cardiac vein |
| D. | oblique vein of the left atrium |
| E. | posterior vein of the left ventricle |
| Answer» B. anterior cardiac vein | |
| 79. |
The cardiac plexus: |
| A. | has a larger superficial part and a smaller deep part |
| B. | is made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres only |
| C. | receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part |
| D. | the deep part lies to the left of the ligamentum arteriosum |
| E. | has preganglionic sympathetic fibres |
| Answer» C. receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part | |
| 80. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| B. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| C. | the fibrous pericardium is fused with the IVC |
| D. | the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve |
| E. | strong sternopericardial ligaments connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum |
| Answer» D. the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve | |
| 81. |
Which muscle is not used in inspiration? |
| A. | erector spinae |
| B. | quadratus lumborum |
| C. | latissimus dorsi |
| D. | transversus thoracis |
| E. | pectoralis major |
| Answer» D. transversus thoracis | |
| 82. |
Which is not found in the posterior mediastinum? |
| A. | descending thoracic aorta |
| B. | thoracic duct |
| C. | phrenic nerves |
| D. | azygous vein |
| E. | lymph nodes |
| Answer» C. phrenic nerves | |
| 83. |
Regarding the phrenic nerves: |
| A. | pass behind anterior scalene muscle |
| B. | the right nerve pierces the muscular part of the diaphragm |
| C. | they are always in contact with pleura laterally |
| D. | run in mediastinum behind the lung root |
| E. | split into four main branches – anterior, posterior, medial and lateral |
| Answer» C. they are always in contact with pleura laterally | |
| 84. |
The vagus nerve: |
| A. | the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea |
| B. | passes in front of the lung root |
| C. | the right recurrent laryngeal branch hooks around the right subclavian artery |
| D. | passes through the vena caval forearm |
| E. | the right vagus nerve supplies branches to the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» A. the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea | |
| 85. |
Regarding the heart valves: |
| A. | the aortic valve usually has two semilunar cusps |
| B. | the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage |
| C. | they do not contain elastic fibres |
| D. | the tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior and medial cusps |
| E. | the mitral valve cusps are bigger and thinner than those of the tricuspid valve |
| Answer» B. the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage | |
| 86. |
With regard to intercostal spaces: |
| A. | the neurovascular bundle runs in the plane between external intercostal and internal intercostalnmuscles |
| B. | neurovascular structures lie in the order of nerve, artery, vein from above downwards |
| C. | the upper two spaces are supplied by the supreme intercostal artery |
| D. | the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space |
| E. | the collateral branch of the intercostal nerve supplies skin over the space |
| Answer» D. the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space | |
| 87. |
Which is NOT USUALLY supplied by the left coronary artery? |
| A. | conus artery |
| B. | circumflex artery |
| C. | anterior interventricular artery |
| D. | anterior fibres of left bundle |
| E. | posterior fibres of left bundle |
| Answer» E. posterior fibres of left bundle | |
| 88. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the pleura? |
| A. | right and left pleura meet each other in midline anteriorly at level of the sternal angle |
| B. | both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib |
| C. | both cross the midaxillary line at the 10th rib |
| D. | both cross the 12th rib at the lateral border of erector spinae |
| E. | both pass under the 12th costovertebral angle |
| Answer» B. both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib | |
| 89. |
Which of the following bronchi is called the epartenol bronchus? |
| A. | left superior bronchus |
| B. | left inferior bronchus |
| C. | right superior bronchus |
| D. | right middle bronchus |
| E. | right inferior bronchus |
| Answer» C. right superior bronchus | |
| 90. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | is always related to the right side of the aorta |
| B. | receives no lymph drainage from the neck |
| C. | terminates in the superior vena cava |
| D. | may have two or three branches at its termination |
| E. | is entirely thoracic throughout its course |
| Answer» D. may have two or three branches at its termination | |
| 91. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the lungs or fissures? |
| A. | hilum of each lung lies level with 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae |
| B. | lower border of the lungs lie two ribs higher than the pleural reflection |
| C. | the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures |
| D. | horizontal fissure runs from the right 4th costal cartilage horizontally to mid-axillary line |
| E. | anteromedial border of the left lung in the 5th intercostal space lies at the apex of the heart |
| Answer» C. the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures | |
| 92. |
Regarding the diaphragm: |
| A. | it is active in both inspiration and expiration |
| B. | the aorta is transmitted through an opening in the left crus |
| C. | the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space |
| D. | the phrenic nerve branches run medially on its thoracic surface |
| E. | it receives its blood supply entirely from lower intercostal and subcostal arteries |
| Answer» C. the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space | |
| 93. |
With respect to the sensory innervation of the visceral pericardium, which of the following nerves predominantly provides sensory fibres? |
| A. | left vagus |
| B. | left phrenic |
| C. | left 4th intercostal |
| D. | all of the above |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 94. |
The oesophagus is constricted at the following sites: |
| A. | where it is crossed by right main bronchus |
| B. | where it is crossed by the azygous vein |
| C. | where it is crossed by the left subclavian artery |
| D. | where it is crossed by the thoracic duct |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 95. |
The sino-atrial node is situated: |
| A. | on the right of the opening of the inferior vena cava |
| B. | within the interatrial septum |
| C. | at the opening of the coronary sinus |
| D. | just above the crista terminalis |
| E. | around the lower superior vena cava |
| Answer» D. just above the crista terminalis | |
| 96. |
A surface landmark which constitutes a guide to the gastro-oesophageal orifice is the: |
| A. | 7th left costal cartilage |
| B. | left linea semilunaris |
| C. | tip of the 9th left costal cartilage |
| D. | left nipple |
| E. | level of the 11th thoracic vertebra |
| Answer» A. 7th left costal cartilage | |
| 97. |
Which does NOT form part of the left border of the cardiovascular silhouette on chest x-ray? |
| A. | the arch of the aorta |
| B. | the pulmonary trunk |
| C. | the left atrium |
| D. | the left auricle |
| E. | the left ventricle |
| Answer» C. the left atrium | |
| 98. |
During expiration, the right diaphragm rises to: |
| A. | 4th intercostal space |
| B. | 5th intercostal space |
| C. | 6th intercostal space |
| D. | a level slightly lower than the left diaphragm |
| E. | the same height as the central tendon |
| Answer» A. 4th intercostal space | |
| 99. |
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to the ligamentum ateriosum? |
| A. | it arises from the commencement of the left pulmonary artery |
| B. | it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery |
| C. | the superficial part of the cardiac plexus lies anterior to it |
| D. | the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around it |
| E. | the deep cardiac plexus lies to its right |
| Answer» B. it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery | |
| 100. |
Landmarks of the trachea are: |
| A. | thyroid cartilage to sternal notch |
| B. | hyoid bone to sternal angle – |
| C. | cricoid cartilage to sternal angle |
| D. | thyroid cartilage to sternal angle |
| E. | cricoid cartilage to sternal notch |
| Answer» C. cricoid cartilage to sternal angle | |
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