McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
| 51. |
The secretion of the intrinsic factor occurs in : |
| A. | Parietal cells of the stomach. |
| B. | Chief cells of the stomach. |
| C. | Upper duodenum. |
| D. | Beta cells of pancreas. |
| Answer» A. Parietal cells of the stomach. | |
| 52. |
So-called hunger pangs : |
| A. | Are truly due to smooth muscle spasm of the transverse colon. |
| B. | Are associated with esophageal and pyloric contraction that coexist with an empty relaxed stomach. |
| C. | Are more common if starvation is associated with hypoglycaemia. |
| D. | May occur in a totally vagotomized patient. |
| Answer» C. Are more common if starvation is associated with hypoglycaemia. | |
| 53. |
Basal acid output is increased with which of the following : |
| A. | Acidification of the antrum. |
| B. | Administration of a H₂ receptor antagonist. |
| C. | Vagotomy. |
| D. | Alkalinization of the antrum. |
| Answer» D. Alkalinization of the antrum. | |
| 54. |
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion : |
| A. | Occurs when food reach the stomch. |
| B. | Isnot accompanied by release of GRP. |
| C. | Is controlled by the vagi nerves. |
| D. | Isnot blocked by injection of atropine. |
| Answer» C. Is controlled by the vagi nerves. | |
| 55. |
Gastric HCL secretion : |
| A. | Is a passive process that occurs in all parts of the stomach. |
| B. | Is stimulated by somatostatin,cimetidine & pyrenzepine. |
| C. | Is inhibited by histamine,gastrin & acetylcholine. |
| D. | plays a significant rule in iron absorption. |
| Answer» D. plays a significant rule in iron absorption. | |
| 56. |
The gastric peristalsis (True or False) : |
| A. | Depends on the basis of electric rhythm (BER). |
| B. | Originates at the mid point of the greater curvature and increases in intensity as it sweeps towards the pylorus. |
| C. | Is associated with a strong contraction of the antrum ant the end of each wave. |
| D. | Always ejects the contents of the gastric antrum into the duodenum. |
| Answer» A. Depends on the basis of electric rhythm (BER). | |
| 57. |
All of the following statements are untrue except: |
| A. | Peptic ulcers can be treated by anticholinesterase drugs. |
| B. | gastric secretion in response to hypoglycemia is due to gastrin. |
| C. | Peptic ulcers tend to heal by removal of the pyloric antrum. |
| D. | Vomiting occurs more by smooth muscle than by skeletal muscle activity. |
| Answer» C. Peptic ulcers tend to heal by removal of the pyloric antrum. | |
| 58. |
Which of the following statement is true?: |
| A. | The intrinsic factors is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. |
| B. | The gastric juice can’t digest the gastric mucosa because the cell membranes contain a pepsin activator. |
| C. | The stomach normally absorbs about 30% of the ingested food. |
| D. | The secretion of the gastric juice is associated with increased H⁺ in the blood. |
| Answer» A. The intrinsic factors is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. | |
| 59. |
Under normal condition, the gastric secretion is: |
| A. | Not affected by presence of food in the stomach. |
| B. | Stimulated by norepinephrine and inhibited bu curare. |
| C. | Increased by distention of the stomach. |
| D. | Maximal before food ingestion. |
| Answer» C. Increased by distention of the stomach. | |
| 60. |
About pepsins: |
| A. | There are 5 types of exopeptidase enzymes. |
| B. | They are secreted by endocytosis as active enzymes. |
| C. | They are incapable of autoactivation |
| D. | Their optimum pH of action is 1.6- 3.2. |
| Answer» D. Their optimum pH of action is 1.6- 3.2. | |
| 61. |
The stomach is a poor area for absorption primarily because: |
| A. | Most foods are swallowed before ptyalin has a chance to breakdown starch |
| B. | pH of the stomach is too high |
| C. | The junction between epithelial cells presents wide space for fluid/ion movement |
| D. | The stomach lacks villous membranes. |
| Answer» D. The stomach lacks villous membranes. | |
| 62. |
Hydrochloric acid secretion: |
| A. | Is accomplished by passive diffusion. |
| B. | Requires the dissociation of water with subsequent exchange of the hydrogen ion for potassium ion. |
| C. | Requires anaerobic metabolism. |
| D. | Utilize protein molecules to neutralize OH⁻ remaining in the secretory cells. |
| Answer» B. Requires the dissociation of water with subsequent exchange of the hydrogen ion for potassium ion. | |
| 63. |
A 45 years old man is found to have a condition in which the parietal cells of his stomach have been destroyed by an autoimmune mechanism. This condition is often associated with which of the following?: |
| A. | Prenicious anaemia. |
| B. | Gastric ulcerarion |
| C. | Steatorrhea. |
| D. | Protein deficiency. |
| Answer» A. Prenicious anaemia. | |
| 64. |
It’s believed that in parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (which secrete hydrochloric acid), an active transport system is responsible for the transmembrane passage of: |
| A. | Chloride |
| B. | Carbon dioxide. |
| C. | Bicarbonate. |
| D. | Water |
| Answer» A. Chloride | |
| 65. |
Pepsin, secreted by the gastric mucosa: |
| A. | Continues to act in the neutral medium of the duodenum. |
| B. | Is proteolytic on the mucosal surface, in the alkaline medium provided by the mucus secreted by the surface cells of the stomach. |
| C. | Is synthesized within the chief cells. |
| D. | Doesnot increased in concentration in response to the mental stimuli found in the so’called cephalic phase of gastric digestion |
| Answer» C. Is synthesized within the chief cells. | |
| 66. |
Acid secretion in ulcer disease can be reduced by which of the following? |
| A. | Blockage of secretin secretion |
| B. | Blockage of histamine H₂ receptors. |
| C. | Blockage of action of pepsin |
| D. | Treatment with antibiotics. |
| Answer» B. Blockage of histamine H₂ receptors. | |
| 67. |
The normally innervated stomach (True or False): |
| A. | Is stimulated to secrete gastric juice when food is chewed, even if it’s not swallowed |
| B. | Can`t secrete HCL when its H₁ histamine receptors are blocked |
| C. | the denervated stomach can secrete gastric juice after a meal is ingested. |
| D. | Empties more quickly than the denervated stomach. |
| Answer» A. Is stimulated to secrete gastric juice when food is chewed, even if it’s not swallowed | |
| 68. |
Under the normal conditions, the bulk of gastric secretions are produces: |
| A. | Before the food is ingested and while the pleasure of it’s ingestion is anticipated |
| B. | While the food stays in the stomach. |
| C. | After the food has entered the duodenum. |
| D. | During fasting periods. |
| Answer» B. While the food stays in the stomach. | |
| 69. |
Mucous presents on the surface of the mucosa of the stomach,smal and large intestine is: |
| A. | Resistant to enzymes secreted into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| B. | Alkaline, and thus a poor buffer for alkaline foods. |
| C. | A non-amphoteric protein. |
| D. | Easily removed from the surface of the stomach by the gastric secretions during the gastric phase of digestion. |
| Answer» A. Resistant to enzymes secreted into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. | |
| 70. |
The enterogastric reflex can be elicted by which of the following?: |
| A. | Distension of the duodenum |
| B. | Acid chime in the duodenum. |
| C. | Hyperosmotic chime in the duodenum. |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 71. |
The secretion of gastrin by the pyloric antrum ceases: |
| A. | When the stomach is distended by a full meal |
| B. | When the gastric mucosa contents have a pH of about 2.0 |
| C. | If histamine is injected. |
| D. | If the vagi are stimulated. |
| Answer» B. When the gastric mucosa contents have a pH of about 2.0 | |
| 72. |
Gastric peristalsis: |
| A. | Originates in the distal half of the stomach. |
| B. | Is characterized by strong contractions of the antrum at the end of the wave. |
| C. | Ejects all the contents of the antrum into the duodenum. |
| D. | Decreases in intensity as it sweeps toward the pylorus. |
| Answer» B. Is characterized by strong contractions of the antrum at the end of the wave. | |
| 73. |
Which of the following substances is released from the duodenal mucosa in response to acidic gastric juice?: |
| A. | Histamine |
| B. | Secretin |
| C. | Norepinephrine |
| D. | Acetyle choline |
| Answer» B. Secretin | |
| 74. |
Which of the following hormones is involved in the initiation of the migrating motor comples?: |
| A. | Gastrin |
| B. | Motilin |
| C. | Secretin |
| D. | Cholecystokinin |
| Answer» B. Motilin | |
| 75. |
The main function of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach is to: |
| A. | Prevent the reflux of the gastric contetnt to the esophagus |
| B. | Facilitate storage of food on the lower part of the esophagus |
| C. | Mix the food particles entering the stomach. |
| D. | Control the rate of food entry into the stomach. |
| Answer» A. Prevent the reflux of the gastric contetnt to the esophagus | |
| 76. |
Which of the following statements is correct?: |
| A. | The gastric juice contains pepsins,gelatinase,lipase and α-amylase enzymes. |
| B. | The only essential constituent of the gastric juice is the intrinsic factor. |
| C. | The hunger contractions disappear after bilateral vagotomy or damage of the feeding center in the hypothalamus. |
| D. | HCL is essential for both carbohydrate and fat digestion. |
| Answer» C. The hunger contractions disappear after bilateral vagotomy or damage of the feeding center in the hypothalamus. | |
| 77. |
Which of the following is the major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from the damage by gastric acid?: |
| A. | Pancreatic bicarbonate secretions. |
| B. | The endogenous mucosal barrier of the duodenum. |
| C. | Duodenal bicarbonate secretion, |
| D. | Hepatic bicarbonate secretion. |
| Answer» A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretions. | |
| 78. |
Which of the following substances is released from the duodenal mucosa in response to acidic gastric juice?: |
| A. | CCK |
| B. | Substance P |
| C. | Secretin |
| D. | GIP |
| Answer» C. Secretin | |
| 79. |
A 42years old salesman presents with the chief complaint of intermittent midepigastric pain that is relieved by antacids or eating. Gatric analysis reveals that basal and maximal acid output exceed normal values. The gastric hypersecretion can be explained by an increase in the plasma concentration of which of the following?: |
| A. | Somatostatin |
| B. | Histamine |
| C. | Gastrin |
| D. | Secretin |
| Answer» C. Gastrin | |
| 80. |
Removal of the stomach can lead to all of the following except: |
| A. | Marked digestive disturbances |
| B. | Megaloblastic anaemia (pernicious anaemia) |
| C. | A fall in the plasma volume after a heavy meal (due to the dumping syndrome) |
| D. | Diminished Ca⁺⁺ absorption and weak development of bones |
| Answer» A. Marked digestive disturbances | |
| 81. |
HCl secretion includes all the following processes except: |
| A. | Active transport of H⁺ into gastric lumen |
| B. | H⁺ is exchanged for K⁺ from the extracellular fluid |
| C. | HCO₃⁻ diffuse into the extracellular fluid in exchange for Cl⁻ |
| D. | It’s associated with production of a postprandial alkaline tide |
| Answer» B. H⁺ is exchanged for K⁺ from the extracellular fluid | |
| 82. |
The gastric juice has all the following characteristics except: |
| A. | It contains an alkaline secretion from the surface epithelium |
| B. | It’s PH is always less than 3 |
| C. | It contains the intrinsic factor which is essential for vit.B₁₂ absorption |
| D. | It’s antibacterial action is produced by its mucous content |
| Answer» D. It’s antibacterial action is produced by its mucous content | |
| 83. |
Gastric secretion is inhibited by all the following except: |
| A. | Presence of excess H⁺ in the pyloric antrum |
| B. | Presence of excess protein digestive products in the stomach |
| C. | Certain emotions e.g. fear and depression |
| D. | Certain GIT hormones e.g. secretin,CCK and VIP |
| Answer» B. Presence of excess protein digestive products in the stomach | |
| 84. |
Concerning HCl secretion, all the following is true except: |
| A. | It’s associated with increased PH of the gastric venous blood |
| B. | It’s stimulated by gastrin, acetylcholine,histamine and norepinephiren |
| C. | The energy required is derived from ATP breakdown |
| D. | It involves formation of carbonic acid |
| Answer» B. It’s stimulated by gastrin, acetylcholine,histamine and norepinephiren | |
| 85. |
All the following statements are true except: |
| A. | VIP stimulates intestinal secretion and inhibits gastric acid secretions |
| B. | Diamox (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) increases both gastric HCL formation and the HCO₃⁻ content in the pancreatic juice |
| C. | Both gastrin and glucagons are secreted from the pyloric antrum and duodenum |
| D. | Gastrin is secreted from almost the whole GIT mucosa |
| Answer» B. Diamox (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) increases both gastric HCL formation and the HCO₃⁻ content in the pancreatic juice | |
| 86. |
Which of the following statement is wrong?: |
| A. | The gastric peristalsis includes propulsive,mixing and grinding movements |
| B. | The cephalic phase of gastric secretion involves no release of gastrin. |
| C. | Deficiency of the intrinsic factor causes pernicious anaemia. |
| D. | Large doses of gastrin cause contraction of the pyloric sphincter. |
| Answer» B. The cephalic phase of gastric secretion involves no release of gastrin. | |
| 87. |
The following statements about gastric secretion are correct except: |
| A. | Gastric secretion increases when a hungry person thinks about food |
| B. | Gastric secretion helps vit.B₁₂ absorption |
| C. | Production of HCl depends on activity of carbonic anhydrase |
| D. | Gastric secretion is associated with increased H⁺ concentrarion in venous blood coming from stomach |
| Answer» D. Gastric secretion is associated with increased H⁺ concentrarion in venous blood coming from stomach | |
| 88. |
hich of the following statements about gastric secretion is incorrect: |
| A. | Gastric acid secretion can be inhibited by somatostatin |
| B. | The main phase of gastric secretion is the gastric phase |
| C. | Gastric secretion increases in response to the presence of food in mouth after the vagi to stomach have been cut |
| D. | none |
| Answer» C. Gastric secretion increases in response to the presence of food in mouth after the vagi to stomach have been cut | |
| 89. |
A 55 years old man with a history of chronic alcohol consumption presents to his local physician with non specific complaints of dyspepsia. Examination and diagnostic testing reveal that he has destruction of the gastric glands. The condition would predispose the patient to which of the following?: |
| A. | Steatorrhea |
| B. | Gastric hypomotility |
| C. | Gastric ulcer |
| D. | Anaemia |
| Answer» D. Anaemia | |
| 90. |
Which of the following statement about motor function of stomach is untrue?: |
| A. | The frequency of gastric peristaltic contraction is about 3/min |
| B. | Fasting hypoglycemia produces hunger contractions |
| C. | The enterogastric reflex stimulates gastric emptying |
| D. | none |
| Answer» C. The enterogastric reflex stimulates gastric emptying | |
| 91. |
Which of the following statement about motor function of stomach is untrue?: |
| A. | Motility of stomach increases when fat enters duodenum |
| B. | MMC prevents duodenogastric reflex |
| C. | Receptive relaxation of stomach is mediated by purinergic vagal fibers |
| D. | non |
| Answer» A. Motility of stomach increases when fat enters duodenum | |
| 92. |
Vomiting: |
| A. | occur only in a denervated stomach |
| B. | Occurs by strong contraction of the stomach wall |
| C. | May be produced by conditioned reflex |
| D. | occur only in an empty stomach |
| Answer» C. May be produced by conditioned reflex | |
| 93. |
Vomiting: |
| A. | Leads to expulsion of gastric contetnts by violent rhythmic contractions of gut smooth ms. |
| B. | Is coordinated by a mid-brain vomiting center |
| C. | Of green fluid suggests that duodenal contents have regurgitated into the stomach |
| D. | May be accompanied by a fall in arterial blood pressure |
| Answer» C. Of green fluid suggests that duodenal contents have regurgitated into the stomach | |
| 94. |
The so-called chemoreceptor trigger zone: |
| A. | Is synonymous with the vomiting center |
| B. | Is located in the cerebral peduncles, ventral to the Aqueduct of Sylvius |
| C. | Is sensitive to the action of morphine |
| D. | May be destroyed experimentally ; the ablation of both chemoreceptor trigger zones abolishes all forms of vomiting |
| Answer» C. Is sensitive to the action of morphine | |
| 95. |
As regards the process of vomiting: |
| A. | Its is controlled by a center in the cerebral cortex |
| B. | It always begins with nausea |
| C. | Prolonged vomiting usually produces dehydration associated with acidosis |
| D. | It’s associated with relaxation of the body and fundus of the stomach |
| Answer» D. It’s associated with relaxation of the body and fundus of the stomach | |
| 96. |
A pyloric obstruction in an infant which results in a prolonged bout of sever vomiting is likely to cause a primary: |
| A. | Metabolic acidosis |
| B. | Metabolic alkalosis |
| C. | Respiratory acidosis |
| D. | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Answer» B. Metabolic alkalosis | |
| 97. |
An obstruction of the small bowel leading to sever vomiting with a preponderant loss of duodenal contents is likely to cause a primary: |
| A. | Metabolic acidosis |
| B. | Metabolis alkalosis |
| C. | Respiratory acidosis |
| D. | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Answer» A. Metabolic acidosis | |
| 98. |
A likely reason why a to and fro motion, such as that encountered during airplane flights or in an automobile ride over a bumpy road, tends to cause nausea and vomiting, is because during such motions: |
| A. | Much air is swallowed and the stomach becomes distended |
| B. | The stomach is more likely to develop reverse peristalsis |
| C. | The cerebral cortex can no longer inhibit an intrinsic tendency of the brainstem to cause vomiting |
| D. | Vestibular reflex eventually excite a chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla |
| Answer» D. Vestibular reflex eventually excite a chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla | |
| 99. |
Select a single incorrect answer about vomiting: |
| A. | Vomiting center is in hypothalamus |
| B. | The role of stomach is passive in the process of vomiting |
| C. | Vomiting may occur as a conditioned reflex |
| D. | none |
| Answer» A. Vomiting center is in hypothalamus | |
| 100. |
Trypsinogen in pancreatic juice is activated by: |
| A. | Alkaline PH |
| B. | Enterokinase |
| C. | Bile salts |
| D. | none |
| Answer» B. Enterokinase | |
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