McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Mechanical Engineering .
Chapters
| 51. |
Diffusion of a lipophilic emulsifier penetrant into the test piece surface is stopped by: |
| A. | The conclusion of the emulsifier dwell time |
| B. | The penetrant |
| C. | Application of developer |
| D. | The water rinse step |
| Answer» D. The water rinse step | |
| 52. |
When using a post emulsifiable penetrant process, it is important to drain as much excess penetrant as possible from the surface of a test piece which has been immersed in the penetrant because: |
| A. | Too much penetrant on the part surface may lead to more rapid penetration and over-sensitivity |
| B. | A thinner layer of penetrant is likely to have higher capillary action and, thus, be more sensitive to fine discontinuities |
| C. | A thinner layer of penetrant will result in less penetrant contamination in the emulsifier tank |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 53. |
When a drain-dwell technique is used during emulsification, what two mechanisms are responsible for combining the emulsifier and penetrant? |
| A. | Diffusion and turbulent mixing |
| B. | Osmosis and agitation |
| C. | Turbulent mixing and osmosis |
| D. | Agitation and turbulent mixing |
| Answer» A. Diffusion and turbulent mixing | |
| 54. |
When performing a post emulsifiable penetrant test, the test piece does not rinse acceptable clean during normal processing. What should be done? |
| A. | Return the test piece to the emulsifier and repeat the step |
| B. | Increase water temperature and pressure |
| C. | Remove the excess penetrant with solvent remover and process the remainder of the test normally |
| D. | Clean the test piece and re-process through the complete penetrant test process |
| Answer» D. Clean the test piece and re-process through the complete penetrant test process | |
| 55. |
The adequacy of excess penetrant removal, using water washable penetrant process, is judged and controlled by: |
| A. | Water rinse time |
| B. | Fluorescent brightness measurement |
| C. | Visual observation |
| D. | Cleanliness of cloths used for removal |
| Answer» C. Visual observation | |
| 56. |
Another name for a self-emulsifying penetrant process is: |
| A. | Solvent removable |
| B. | Water washable |
| C. | Post emulsifiable |
| D. | Solvent emulsifiable |
| Answer» B. Water washable | |
| 57. |
Which of the following is a function of an emulsifier? |
| A. | To draw penetrant out of a discontinuity and form a visible indication |
| B. | To increase the size of an indication through capillary action |
| C. | To provide contrasting background for viewing penetrant indications |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 58. |
When viewed under black light, developer appears: |
| A. | Yellow-green |
| B. | Blue-black |
| C. | White |
| D. | Pinkish white |
| Answer» B. Blue-black | |
| 59. |
Penetrant developers are used in which of the following forms? |
| A. | Water washable |
| B. | Water suspendable |
| C. | Solvent suspendable |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 60. |
Which of the following developers requires the test piece to be dried prior to its application? |
| A. | Water washable |
| B. | Water suspendable |
| C. | Non-aqueous suspendable |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» C. Non-aqueous suspendable | |
| 61. |
An effect of a thick developer coating might be: |
| A. | To obscure discontinuity indications |
| B. | To enhance discontinuity indications |
| C. | To increase penetrant test sensitivity by providing more capillary paths |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» A. To obscure discontinuity indications | |
| 62. |
Why is it important to view the test piece shortly after developer application and periodically through the development time? |
| A. | To make sure the developer dries evenly |
| B. | To guard against pooling of developer in low areas |
| C. | To avoid missing small flaw indications adjacent to areas of high bleed-out |
| D. | To avoid missing transient indications against an otherwise clean background |
| Answer» C. To avoid missing small flaw indications adjacent to areas of high bleed-out | |
| 63. |
Which of the following is an advantage of a dry developer? |
| A. | Ease of handling |
| B. | Non-corrosive |
| C. | No hazardous vapours |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 64. |
Why is the need for a dry surface prior to developer application more of a disadvantage with a dry developer than with a non-aqueous wet developer? |
| A. | Because the dry developer only forms a thin film on the surface of the test piece |
| B. | Because the solvent in a non-aqueous wet developer penetrates deeper into discontinuities to contact entrapped penetrant and draw it back out |
| C. | Because the warm test piece causes evaporation of the solvent in the nonaqueous developer |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» A. Because the dry developer only forms a thin film on the surface of the test piece | |
| 65. |
The preferred method of application of aqueous wet developer is: |
| A. | Dipping |
| B. | Spraying |
| C. | Brushing |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 66. |
It is easier to control developer coating thickness with a soluble developer than a water suspendable one because: |
| A. | Less developer can be dissolved that suspended in water |
| B. | It dries more rapidly on the test piece |
| C. | Evaporation deposits a thin, even coating on the test piece |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 67. |
Which of the following is not an advantage of an aqueous wet developer? |
| A. | It may be applied to a dry surface |
| B. | It has no hazardous vapours |
| C. | There is visible evidence of developer coverage |
| D. | During drying, only water evaporates, not costly solvents |
| Answer» A. It may be applied to a dry surface | |
| 68. |
A disadvantage of water soluble developers is: |
| A. | Agitation of the developer is not required |
| B. | A uniform developer film is obtained |
| C. | The dried developer is difficult to remove during post cleaning |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 69. |
Fluorescent penetrant indications are more visible than colour contrast penetrant indications because: |
| A. | They reflect more light |
| B. | They emit rather than reflect light |
| C. | They contain a higher concentration of dye particles |
| D. | Yellow and green contrast more than red and white |
| Answer» B. They emit rather than reflect light | |
| 70. |
The tendency of a liquid to be drawn into small discontinuities is called: |
| A. | Viscosity |
| B. | Barometric |
| C. | Capillary action |
| D. | Surface tension |
| Answer» C. Capillary action | |
| 71. |
A liquid which reacts with a penetrant to render it water washable is called: |
| A. | Developer |
| B. | Emulsifier |
| C. | Aqueous scrubber |
| D. | Non-aqueous cleaner |
| Answer» B. Emulsifier | |
| 72. |
A water tolerance test would be performed on: |
| A. | Solvent removable penetrants |
| B. | Water washable and post emulsifiable penetrant |
| C. | Solvent removable penetrants and hydrophilic emulsifiers |
| D. | Water washable penetrants and lipophilic emulsifiers |
| Answer» D. Water washable penetrants and lipophilic emulsifiers | |
| 73. |
A problem which could be caused by a penetrant with abnormally high water content is: |
| A. | Hydrogen assisted cracking |
| B. | Rusting of steel parts |
| C. | Water contamination |
| D. | Blurring of indications |
| Answer» B. Rusting of steel parts | |
| 74. |
Deterioration of penetrant material performance may be caused by which of the following? |
| A. | Water contamination |
| B. | Heat |
| C. | Cleaning solvents |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 75. |
When adding water to a penetrant, the water tolerance limit is indicated when: |
| A. | Opacity reaches 2% of International optical transmission standard |
| B. | The penetrant material and dye separate into their constituent parts |
| C. | Permanent cloudiness occurs |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Permanent cloudiness occurs | |
| 76. |
Possible degradation of penetrant materials performance is often checked by: |
| A. | Performing penetrant testing of comparator blocks using samples of new and used penetrant materials |
| B. | Water tolerance test |
| C. | Using a penetrant test penetrameter |
| D. | Judgment of a qualified inspector during production testing |
| Answer» A. Performing penetrant testing of comparator blocks using samples of new and used penetrant materials | |
| 77. |
The most common biological effect of penetrant materials on personnel is: |
| A. | Burns to the retina of the eye from over exposure to ultraviolet light |
| B. | Skin irritation caused by removal of natural oils from the skin |
| C. | Acute chlorine poisoning |
| D. | No effect |
| Answer» B. Skin irritation caused by removal of natural oils from the skin | |
| 78. |
Hydrophilic emulsifiers may be applied by: |
| A. | Dipping |
| B. | Immersion |
| C. | Spraying |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 79. |
The term ‘drag out losses’ refers to: |
| A. | Loss of penetrant materials that are carried from one processing station to another on the test piece |
| B. | Penetrant which is removed from discontinuities during the water washable process |
| C. | Penetrant which is removed from discontinuities because of overemulsification prior to water removal |
| D. | Both b and c |
| Answer» A. Loss of penetrant materials that are carried from one processing station to another on the test piece | |
| 80. |
The diffusion mechanism is used in the operation of: |
| A. | Solvent removable penetrant |
| B. | Lipophilic emulsifiers |
| C. | Hydrophilic emulsifiers |
| D. | Both b and c |
| Answer» B. Lipophilic emulsifiers | |
| 81. |
The concentration of a hydrophilic emulsifier may be measured by: |
| A. | Specific gravity |
| B. | Fluorescent brightness |
| C. | An optical refraction meter |
| D. | A comparator block |
| Answer» C. An optical refraction meter | |
| 82. |
When applied by immersion, an optimum concentration for a hydrophilic emulsifier is about: |
| A. | 0.5–2% |
| B. | 80–100% |
| C. | 2.5–20% |
| D. | 50–80% |
| Answer» C. 2.5–20% | |
| 83. |
Hydrophilic emulsifier contact time depends on which of the following? |
| A. | Surface finish of test piece |
| B. | Emulsifier concentration |
| C. | Method of application |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 84. |
How is the correct emulsifier contact time determined? |
| A. | Manufacturer's recommendations |
| B. | One half penetrant dwell time |
| C. | Experiment |
| D. | Same as penetrant dwell time |
| Answer» C. Experiment | |
| 85. |
Which of the following is used in connection with hydrophilic emulsifier applied by immersion? |
| A. | Brushing |
| B. | Agitation |
| C. | Drain-dwell |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» B. Agitation | |
| 86. |
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a hydrophilic emulsifier? |
| A. | Greater penetrant tolerance than lipophilic emulsifiers |
| B. | Economical |
| C. | Low drag-out losses compared to lipophilic emulsifiers |
| D. | none |
| Answer» B. Economical | |
| 87. |
During excess penetrant removal, a water spray pre-rinse might be used with: |
| A. | A lipophilic emulsifier |
| B. | A hydrophilic emulsifier |
| C. | A hydrophobic emulsifier |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. A hydrophilic emulsifier | |
| 88. |
Re-cycling of penetrant and rinse water is facilitated with which of the following emulsifier types? |
| A. | Hydrophobic |
| B. | Hydrophilic |
| C. | Lipophilic |
| D. | Hygroscopic |
| Answer» B. Hydrophilic | |
| 89. |
Which type of emulsifier is intended for use without dilution? |
| A. | Hydrophobic |
| B. | Hydrophilic |
| C. | Lipophilic |
| D. | Hygroscopic |
| Answer» C. Lipophilic | |
| 90. |
Halogen content of penetrant materials is limited because of the possibility of stress corrosion cracking in which of the following materials? |
| A. | High tensile steel |
| B. | Austenitic stainless steel |
| C. | Titanium alloys |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 91. |
The most likely cause of loss of performance in a lipophilic emulsifier is: |
| A. | High viscosity |
| B. | Water contamination |
| C. | Phase separation |
| D. | Improper concentration |
| Answer» B. Water contamination | |
| 92. |
In performing a water content test of a lipophilic emulsifier per ASTM D-95, what solvent is used? |
| A. | Naptha |
| B. | Trichloroethane |
| C. | Benzene |
| D. | Xylene |
| Answer» D. Xylene | |
| 93. |
Which of the following developers would you expect to be the least sensitive? |
| A. | Water suspendable wet (immersion) |
| B. | Water suspendable wet (spray) |
| C. | Dry immersion (dip) |
| D. | Non-aqueous wet (solvent spray) |
| Answer» C. Dry immersion (dip) | |
| 94. |
Which of the following developers would you expect to be the most sensitive? |
| A. | Water suspendable wet (immersion) |
| B. | Water suspendable wet (spray) |
| C. | Dry immersion (dip) |
| D. | Non-aqueous wet (solvent spray) |
| Answer» D. Non-aqueous wet (solvent spray) | |
| 95. |
Which of the following developers would you expect to be the least sensitive? |
| A. | Water suspendable wet (immersion) |
| B. | Water suspendable wet (spray) |
| C. | Water soluble (spray) |
| D. | Water soluble (immersion) |
| Answer» B. Water suspendable wet (spray) | |
| 96. |
Which of the following developers would you expect to be the most sensitive? |
| A. | Water suspendable wet (immersion) |
| B. | Water suspendable wet (spray) |
| C. | Water soluble (spray) |
| D. | Water soluble (immersion) |
| Answer» D. Water soluble (immersion) | |
| 97. |
Dual purpose penetrants are viewed under what type of light? |
| A. | White light |
| B. | Black light |
| C. | Both a and b |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Both a and b | |
| 98. |
When is it possible to detect slightly sub-surface defects using penetrant testing? |
| A. | Only if you are using fluorescent penetrant |
| B. | When using post-emulsifiable penetrant |
| C. | It is not possible to detect slightly sub-surface defects using penetrant testing |
| D. | When using dual sensitivity penetrants |
| Answer» C. It is not possible to detect slightly sub-surface defects using penetrant testing | |
| 99. |
Which of the following would be classed as an in-service fault? |
| A. | A shrinkage crack |
| B. | A fatigue crack |
| C. | A grinding crack |
| D. | All could be in-service faults |
| Answer» B. A fatigue crack | |
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