McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: General Knowledge (GK) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) .
| 301. |
The natural gaps across the mountains which provide routes are called – |
| A. | Peaks |
| B. | Dunes |
| C. | Plateaus |
| D. | Passes |
| Answer» D. Passes | |
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Explanation: A Mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since many of the world's mountain ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel, passes have been important since before recorded history, and have played a key role in trade, war, and migration. |
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| 302. |
The word `dendlitic' is associated with— |
| A. | wind |
| B. | waves |
| C. | rivers |
| D. | glaciers |
| Answer» C. rivers | |
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Explanation: Dendritic drainage systems are the most common form of drainage system, The term Dendritic comes from the Latin word "dendron", meaning tree, due to the resemblance of the system to a tree. In a dendritic system there is one main river (like the trunk of a tree), which is joined and formed by many smaller tributary rivers. Dendritic systems form in V-shaped valleys; as a result, the rock types must be impervious and non-porous. |
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| 303. |
When the earth is at the maximum distance from the Sun, it is called– |
| A. | Aphelion |
| B. | Perihelion |
| C. | Equinox |
| D. | Sidereal |
| Answer» A. Aphelion | |
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Explanation: Aphelion is the point in the path of a celestial body (as a planet) that is farthest from the sun. Its opposite is Perihelion which is the point on its orbit when the Earth is closest to the sun. |
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| 304. |
Suppose if we measure the time lapse between the two Sunsets by sitting in the beach, from this we can estimate – |
| A. | The distance between the sun and the earth |
| B. | The depth of the ocean |
| C. | The radius of the earth |
| D. | The radius of the sun |
| Answer» C. The radius of the earth | |
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Explanation: A method is described whereby, using primitive equipment anyone can measure the size of the earth to an accuracy of order of magnitude 10% by observing two sunsets in the space of a few seconds. |
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| 305. |
What is the International Date Line? |
| A. | It is the equator |
| B. | It is the 0° longitude |
| C. | It is the 90° east longitude |
| D. | It is the 180° longitude |
| Answer» D. It is the 180° longitude | |
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Explanation: The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, that runs from the north to the south pole and demarcates one calendar day from the next. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180° longitude but it deviates to pass around some territories and island groups. |
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| 306. |
Mushroom Rocks are the typical land forms seen in – |
| A. | River Valleys |
| B. | Mountain tops |
| C. | Coastal areas |
| D. | Deserts |
| Answer» D. Deserts | |
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Explanation: A mushroom rock, also called rock pedestal or a pedestal rock, is a naturally occurring rock whose shape, as its name implies, strikingly resembles a mushroom. Usually found in desert areas, these rocks are formed over thousands of years when wind erosion of an isolated rocky outcrop progresses at a different rate at its bottom to that at its top. |
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| 307. |
Basaltic lava is found in the – |
| A. | Deccan Trap |
| B. | Himalayas |
| C. | Indo-Gangetic Plain |
| D. | North-Eastern Hills |
| Answer» A. Deccan Trap | |
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Explanation: The Deccan Traps are a large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India (between 17°-24°N, 73°- 74°E) and one of the largest volcanic features on Earth. They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that together are more than 2,000 in (6,562 ft) thick and cover an area of 500,000 km2 (193,051 sq mi) and a volume of 512,000 km3 (123,000 cu mi). The term "trap", used in geology for such rock formations, is derived from the Swedish word for stairs and refers to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region. |
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| 308. |
The atmospheric layer farthest from the Earth's surface is known as– |
| A. | Stratosphere |
| B. | Exosphere |
| C. | Ionosphere |
| D. | (4)Mesosphere |
| Answer» B. Exosphere | |
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Explanation: The Radio waves are reflected back to Earth in the Ionosphere which is anelectrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. This process is used to communicate beyond the horizon, at intercontinental distances, mostly in the shortwave frequency bands. |
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| 309. |
The climatic zones are classified on the basis of – |
| A. | distance from the equator |
| B. | elevation |
| C. | rainfall |
| D. | distance from the sea |
| Answer» C. rainfall | |
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Explanation: The climatic zones are classified on the basis of maximum and minimum temperatures and the temperature range as well as the total and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Based on these parameters, the most commonly used classification scheme was originally developed by Wladimir Koppen. |
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| 310. |
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is : |
| A. | Stratosphere |
| B. | Thermosphere |
| C. | Troposphere |
| D. | Mesosphere |
| Answer» C. Troposphere | |
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Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The air is very well mixed and the temperature decreases with altitude. |
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| 311. |
Trade winds blow from the – |
| A. | equatorial low pressure |
| B. | polar high pressure |
| C. | subtropical high pressure |
| D. | subpolar low pressure |
| Answer» C. subtropical high pressure | |
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Explanation: Wind flows outward down the pressure gradient away from the subtropical highs. As it does so, it encounters the CoriolisEffect caused by the rotation of the Earth. This force causes the winds in the Northern Hemisphere to move from the east towards the west below the subtropical high, and from the west towards the east above the subtropical high. The opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere. Above the subtropical high winds move from east to west, and below the subtropical high winds move from west to the east. |
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| 312. |
Equatorial regions experience – |
| A. | warm and dry climate |
| B. | hot and humid climate |
| C. | wet and windy climate |
| D. | moderately pleasant climate |
| Answer» B. hot and humid climate | |
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Explanation: The temperature of the equatorial regions is hot throughout the year, with a very low temperature range usually of less than 3 degrees celsius. Tropical rainforest climate is a type of tropical climate in which there is little or no dry season - all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60 mm. Tropical rainforest climates have no pronounced summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent. |
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| 313. |
The Sargasso sea is situated in the – |
| A. | Atlantic Ocean |
| B. | Pacific Ocean |
| C. | Indian Ocean |
| D. | Arctic Ocean |
| Answer» A. Atlantic Ocean | |
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Explanation: The Sargasso Sea is a region in the gyre in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. The Sargasso Sea is home to seaweed of the genus Sargassum (origin of its name), which floats en masse on the surface there. |
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| 314. |
The eastward continuation of the Brazil current is called: |
| A. | South Atlantic drift |
| B. | Counter Equatorial drift |
| C. | West Atlantic drift |
| D. | North Atlantic drift |
| Answer» A. South Atlantic drift | |
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Explanation: The eastward continuation of the Brazil Current is called the South Atlantic Drift. It is also known as the West Wind Drift because it forms at 40° South latitude due to the impact of the Westerlies. The eastward movement is due to the Earth's rotation. |
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| 315. |
Sea breeze is formed during – |
| A. | Day time |
| B. | Night time |
| C. | Both |
| D. | Seasonal |
| Answer» A. Day time | |
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Explanation: Sea breezes and all other winds blow from more atmospheric pressure to less atmospheric pressure. Water heats up and cools down slower than land. During the day, the land is heated up and is less dense than the water while at night, the water is less dense than the land. The more denser it is, the more the atmospheric pressure there is. Therefore, sea breezes occur during the day but not at night. |
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| 316. |
The coral reefs are the marine counterparts of – |
| A. | Temperate forests |
| B. | Tropical rain forests |
| C. | Savannahs |
| D. | Scrubland |
| Answer» B. Tropical rain forests | |
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Explanation: The term "coral reef' generally refers to a marine ecosystem in which the main organisms are corals that house algal symbionts within their tissues. These ecosystems require: 1) fully marine waters; 2) warm temperatures; and 3) ample sunlight. They are therefore restricted to shallow waters of tropical and subtropical regions. |
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| 317. |
The sea bed sloping gradually and bordering the continent is known as: |
| A. | Coast |
| B. | Continental Shelf |
| C. | Continental Platform. |
| D. | Continental Slope. |
| Answer» B. Continental Shelf | |
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Explanation: The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. Much of the shelf was exposed during glacial periods, but is now submerged under relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs, and was almost similarly submerged during other interglacial periods. The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope followed by the flatter continental rise. Sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile or seaiment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. |
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| 318. |
A special type of well in which water rises automatically under the pressure of a column of water to the ground surface through a hole is known as – |
| A. | Artisian well |
| B. | Spring |
| C. | Hot spring |
| D. | Geyser |
| Answer» A. Artisian well | |
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Explanation: An artesian well is a pumpless water source that uses pipes to allow underground water that is under pressure to rise to the surface. This type of well seems to defy gravity because the pressure that builds up between layers of rock gets relieved when the water finds a path to the open air. In addition, the water has been naturally filtered because It passes through porous rock as it seeps into the Earth to reach the aquifer, which is the underground water source. |
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| 319. |
The soil conservation method in which mountain slope is cut into step is – |
| A. | Contour ploughing |
| B. | Cover planting |
| C. | Strip cropping |
| D. | Terracing |
| Answer» D. Terracing | |
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Explanation: In agriculture, a terist is a piece of sloped plane that has been landscaped into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for thepurposes of more effective farming. This type of landscaping, therefore, is called terracing. Graduated terrace steps are commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. Terraced fields decrease erosion and surface run off and are effective for growing crops requiring much water, such as rice. |
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| 320. |
For the cultivation of Tobacco the soil should be rich in – |
| A. | calcareous matter |
| B. | nitrogen |
| C. | organic content |
| D. | potash |
| Answer» D. potash | |
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Explanation: Tobacco is a crop that needs significant amounts of potassium. It is a fast growing plant between 80 and 150 days, with a high daily potassium requirement. Potash is the common name for various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. In some rare cases, potash can be formed with traces of organic materials such as plant remains, and this was the major historical source for it before the industrial era. |
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| 321. |
Evergreen rain forest is mainly found in regions having well distributed annual rainfall – |
| A. | Below 50 cm |
| B. | 50-100 cm |
| C. | 100-200 cm |
| D. | More than 200 cm |
| Answer» D. More than 200 cm | |
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Explanation: Tropical evergreen forests are usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 °C to 30 °C. They occupy about seven per cent of the Earth's land surface and harbour more than half of the world's plants and animals |
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| 322. |
Mangrove forests occur in – |
| A. | high mountains |
| B. | snowy plains |
| C. | coastal swamps |
| D. | interior plateaus |
| Answer» C. coastal swamps | |
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Explanation: Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics - mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. There are about 80 different species of mangrove trees. All of these trees grow in areas with low-oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow fine sediments to accumulate. |
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| 323. |
In order to prevent the expansion of deserts, trees are planted in strips or blocks with the shortest trees on the desert side and tallest on the other side. Such plantation is called? |
| A. | shelter belts |
| B. | agroforests |
| C. | wind breaks |
| D. | social forests |
| Answer» C. wind breaks | |
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Explanation: A windbreak or shelterbelt is a plantation usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion. They are commonly planted around the edges of fields on farms. If designed properly, windbreaks around a home can reduced the cost of heating and cooling and save energy. Windbreaks are also planted to help keep snow from drifting onto roadways and even yards. Other benefits include providing habitat for wildlife and in some regions the trees are harvested for wood products. |
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| 324. |
Spot the odd item in the following : |
| A. | Basalt |
| B. | Ruby |
| C. | Emerald |
| D. | Sapphire |
| Answer» A. Basalt | |
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Explanation: Emerald, together with ruby and sapphire, form the "big three" of colored stones or gems which are all metamorphic in nature. Basalt is an igneous rock. |
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| 325. |
Which of the following is an organic rock? |
| A. | Marble |
| B. | Coal |
| C. | Granite |
| D. | Slate |
| Answer» B. Coal | |
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Explanation: Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms mainly from plant debris. The plant debris usually accumulates in a swamp environment. |
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| 326. |
The rapid sliding of large masses of bed rocks is called : |
| A. | Landslide |
| B. | Earthquake |
| C. | Weathering |
| D. | Mass wasting |
| Answer» A. Landslide | |
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Explanation: The rapid sliding of large masses of bed rocks is called Landslide. |
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| 327. |
Which type of lake is formed by volcanic activities? |
| A. | Caldera lake |
| B. | Karst lake |
| C. | Lagoon |
| D. | Fresh water lake |
| Answer» A. Caldera lake | |
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Explanation: Caldera refers to a large basin- shaped Crater that is bound by steep cliffs. The Caldera best known in North America is Crater Lake. |
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| 328. |
Natural embankments found on upper valley sides are-known as – |
| A. | high banks |
| B. | levees |
| C. | bunds |
| D. | ridge |
| Answer» B. levees | |
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Explanation: A levee is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill orwall, which regulates water levels. It is usually earthen and often parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low lying coastlines. |
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| 329. |
River erosion is at its greatest where river's – |
| A. | depth is more |
| B. | breadth is more |
| C. | flow is fast |
| D. | gradient is more |
| Answer» C. flow is fast | |
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Explanation: The outer bank (called a cut bank) has the greatest erosion because the water is flowing faster along the outer bank than the inner bank. The slower water allows sediment to be deposited (called a point bar). |
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| 330. |
In which of the following is the Great Barrier Reef located? |
| A. | Coral Sea |
| B. | Solomon Sea |
| C. | Bismarck Sea |
| D. | Arafura Sea |
| Answer» A. Coral Sea | |
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Explanation: The Great Barrier Reef is in the Coral Sea, on Australia's north-eastern coast. It stretches more than 2,300 km along the state of Queensland's coastline, beginning at the tip of Cape York Peninsula in the north and extending down to Bundaberg in the south. The Great Barrier Reef is ideal for Cairns Scuba Diving. |
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| 331. |
Atmospheric temperature increasing at the higher altitudes is called – |
| A. | Radiation |
| B. | Inversion |
| C. | Conduction |
| D. | Convection |
| Answer» B. Inversion | |
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Explanation: The reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air is known as temperature inversion. Inversions play an important role in determining cloud forms, precipitation, and visibility. |
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| 332. |
Which of the following reasons is responsible for lack of vegetation in the deserts? |
| A. | Heavy volume of sands |
| B. | Absence of B-horizon in the soil |
| C. | High temperature |
| D. | Lack of rainfall |
| Answer» D. Lack of rainfall | |
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Explanation: A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs arid consequently living conditions arc hostile for plant and animal life. Lack of or insufficient precipitation is the main reason behind the lack of vegetation. |
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| 333. |
Which of the following winds is called anti-trade wind? (1) |
| A. | Chinook |
| B. | Cyclone |
| C. | Typhoon |
| D. | Westerlies |
| Answer» A. Chinook | |
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Explanation: Westerlies are rather stormy and variable though the main direction remains from west to east. But as their general direction is from the west, they are called the "Westerlies". They are also known as "AntiTrade Winds", because their movement is in the opposite direction from that of the trade wind. |
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| 334. |
The solar radiation coming to Earth is called – |
| A. | Radiant energy |
| B. | Insolation |
| C. | Sunshine |
| D. | Terrestrial radiation |
| Answer» B. Insolation | |
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Explanation: Insolation is the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. It is measured by the amount of solar energy received per square centimetre per minute. Insolation affects temperature. The more the insolation, the higher the temperature. In any given day, the strongest insolation is received at noon. The insolation into a surface is largest when the surface directlyfaces the Sun. As the angle increases between the direction at a right angle to the surface and the direction of the rays of sunlight, the insolation is reduced in proportion to the cosine of the angle. |
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| 335. |
The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day called – |
| A. | Tide |
| B. | Ocean current |
| C. | Wave |
| D. | Water cycle |
| Answer» A. Tide | |
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Explanation: The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called a tide. The tides are caused due to strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth's surface. |
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| 336. |
The deflection of the winds to the right in the northern hemisphere is caused by : |
| A. | revolution of the earth |
| B. | rotation of the earth |
| C. | uneven heating of the earth |
| D. | All the above |
| Answer» B. rotation of the earth | |
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Explanation: If the Earth didn't rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure at different latitudes. But since the Earth does rotate, the Coriolis force deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis Effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the inertia of the mass experiencing the effect. Because the Earth completes only one rotation per day, the Coriolis force is quite small, and its effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large distances and long periods of time, such as large-scale movement of air in the atmosphere or water in the ocean. |
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| 337. |
Waves approaching the shore is known as – |
| A. | Swash |
| B. | Tsunami |
| C. | Currents |
| D. | Tide |
| Answer» B. Tsunami | |
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Explanation: Tsunamis have a small amplitude (wave height) offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers long, whereas normal ocean waves have a wavelength of only 30 or 40 metres), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a slight swell usually about 300 millimetres above the normal sea surface. They grow in height when they reach shallower water or the coast. |
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| 338. |
Atoll is a kind of – |
| A. | sand-dune |
| B. | lake |
| C. | sandbar |
| D. | inland sea |
| Answer» D. inland sea | |
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Explanation: Atoll is a coral island (or islands) that encircle a lagoon partially or completely. It is formed when the island sinks below the sea, and the barrier reef becomes an atoll enclosing an open lagoon. So in a way it is a kind of inland sea which is a shallow sea that covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level. |
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| 339. |
A place where there is constant intermingling of salt water and fresh water is. |
| A. | Estuary |
| B. | Delta |
| C. | Gulf |
| D. | Bay |
| Answer» A. Estuary | |
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Explanation: Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments and are subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflow of both seawater and freshwater provide high levels of nutrients in both the water column and sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world. |
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| 340. |
The deepest ocean of the world is – |
| A. | Atlantic Ocean |
| B. | Arctic Ocean |
| C. | Indian Ocean |
| D. | Pacific Ocean |
| Answer» D. Pacific Ocean | |
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Explanation: The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Galapagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,797 ft). |
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| 341. |
Mountain soil contains a lot of— |
| A. | humus |
| B. | clay |
| C. | coase material |
| D. | iron and aluminium salt |
| Answer» A. humus | |
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Explanation: The distribution of mountain soils is subject mainly to a vertical (elevation) zonation; the soils change with ascent into the mountains depending on changes in climatic conditions. Most mountain soils form on very steep slopes where, as a result of denudation processes, their shallowness, gravel-like quality, and wealth of primary minerals may be observed. Mountain soils are those which are found in depressions and valley basins or on slightly inclined mountain slopes. It consists of sandstones, clay, shales and limestones. It has the maximum humus content and is thus, very fertile. It is found in Himalayan regions and north-east India. |
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| 342. |
Which of the following methods does not help in conserving soil fertility and moisture? |
| A. | Contour ploughing |
| B. | Dry farming |
| C. | Strip cropping |
| D. | Shifting agriculture |
| Answer» D. Shifting agriculture | |
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Explanation: Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned. It is also known as slash and burn cultivation. This system offer involves clearing of a piece of land followed by several years of wood harvesting or farming, until the soil loses fertility. Once the land becomes inadequate for crop production, it is left to be reclaimed by natural vegetation, or sometimes converted to a different long-term cyclical farming practice. |
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| 343. |
Source of energy in ecosystem is – |
| A. | Sun |
| B. | Green plants |
| C. | Sugar produced in photosynthesis |
| D. | ATP |
| Answer» A. Sun | |
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Explanation: An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things that work together. It includes soil, atmosphere, heat and light from the sun, water and living organisms. |
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| 344. |
Which one is not a non-conventional energy source? |
| A. | Nuclear energy |
| B. | Solar Energy |
| C. | Wind energy |
| D. | Tidal power |
| Answer» A. Nuclear energy | |
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Explanation: 0 |
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| 345. |
Day and Night are equal at the: |
| A. | Prime Meridian |
| B. | Antarctic |
| C. | Poles |
| D. | Eqator |
| Answer» D. Eqator | |
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Explanation: The equator receives equal day and night through-out the year because it does not tilt in relation to the sun's location. Because of the tilted axis of the Earth, the poles and locations away from the equator lean towards or away from the sun as an orbit is completed, while the equator stays in essentially the same location relative to the sun. |
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| 346. |
Which planet orbits closest to the earth? |
| A. | Mars |
| B. | Jupiter |
| C. | Venus |
| D. | Mercury |
| Answer» C. Venus | |
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Explanation: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 0.72 AU (108,000,000 km), and completes an orbit every 224.65 days. Although all planetary orbits are elliptical, Venus's orbit is the closest to circular, with an eccentricity of less than 0.01. |
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| 347. |
Solar energy is received by the earth through – |
| A. | conduction |
| B. | radiation |
| C. | convection |
| D. | refraction |
| Answer» B. radiation | |
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Explanation: In physics, radiation is a process in which energetic particles or energetic, waves travel through vacuum, or through matter- containing media that are not required for their propagation. The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. |
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| 348. |
Brightest planet in our solar system is – |
| A. | Venus |
| B. | Mercury |
| C. | Mars |
| D. | Jupiter |
| Answer» A. Venus | |
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Explanation: Venus has the highest albedo of any planet in our solar system. Venus is so bright partly because it reflects over 70 per cent ofsunlight striking it. It owes its reflective ability to the fact that it's blanketed with clouds. Sunlight bouncing from these clouds is what makes Venus so bright. |
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| 349. |
The Milky Way Galaxy was first observed by – |
| A. | Galileo |
| B. | Maarten Schmidt |
| C. | Marconi |
| D. | Newton |
| Answer» A. Galileo | |
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Explanation: The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system. This name derives from its appearance as a dim "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky, in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars. Observational evidence for the Milky Way being made up of distant stars first came when Galileo pointed his telescope towards the Milky Way, observing a large amount of faint stars. |
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| 350. |
In mountainous areas a natural cause for road blocks is often : |
| A. | road repairs and construction |
| B. | land slides |
| C. | tree felling |
| D. | traffic congestion |
| Answer» B. land slides | |
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Explanation: Heavy rainfall often causes landslides in hilly regions blocking roads as a result and cutting off towns Huge amounts of debris block access, hampering traffic and affecting businesses. |
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