

McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: General Knowledge (GK) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) .
251. |
On which date is India likely to experience the shortest day? |
A. | December 22 |
B. | March 21 |
C. | June 22 |
D. | September 23 |
Answer» A. December 22 | |
Explanation: 21-23 December, also known as winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. India, being in the northern hemisphere, experiences its shortest day and longest night on this very day. The winter solstice occurs at the moment when the North Pole is tilted furthest away from the sun. |
252. |
The planet that takes 88 days to make one revolution of the sun is - |
A. | Mercury |
B. | Saturn |
C. | Jupiter |
D. | Mars |
Answer» A. Mercury | |
Explanation: In the solar system, the orbit of Mercury is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits. |
253. |
'Super nova' is – |
A. | a comet |
B. | an asteroid |
C. | an exploding Star |
D. | a black hole |
Answer» C. an exploding Star | |
Explanation: A supernova is a stellar explosion that is more energetic than a nova. During this short interval a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun is expected to emit over its entire life span. The explosion expels much or all of a star's material at a velocity of up to 30,000 km/s (10% of the speed of light). |
254. |
Which is the coldest among the following? |
A. | Mars |
B. | Earth |
C. | Pluto |
D. | Mercury |
Answer» C. Pluto | |
Explanation: Until it lost its planetary status in 2006, Pluto was the coldest with an estimated surface temperature between -235 and -210 degrees Celsius. But Pluto has now been relegated the status of a Dwarf Planet. Pluto has always had the 'honour' of being the coldest planet with an average temperature between 360 to -400 degrees Fahrenheit. This is because it is so far away from the sun: it is over 40 times further from the sun than planet Earth. Pluto also has no internal heat source and it even orbits in a ring of ice debris. |
255. |
The minimum short-term natural hazard is – |
A. | blizzard |
B. | earthquake |
C. | volcanic eruption |
D. | bolt of lightning |
Answer» D. bolt of lightning | |
Explanation: Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth the upper layers push down against the lower layers |
256. |
Molten rock below the surface of the earth is called – |
A. | Basalt |
B. | Laccolith |
C. | Lava |
D. | Magma |
Answer» D. Magma | |
Explanation: Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. When magma erupts from a volcano or other vent, the molten rock is referred to as lava. When lava cools on the Earth's surface and forms a solid structure, it is called igneous rock. |
257. |
An earthquake is also, known as – |
A. | Teacher |
B. | Tremor |
C. | Temper |
D. | None of these |
Answer» B. Tremor | |
Explanation: An earthquake is also known as a quake, tremor or temblor. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. |
258. |
Which one of the following rivers crosses the tropic of Capricorn twice? |
A. | Vaal |
B. | Limpopo |
C. | Nizer |
D. | Zambezi |
Answer» B. Limpopo | |
Explanation: An earthquake is also known as a quake, tremor or temblor. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. |
259. |
Breaking down of rock in situ is known as – |
A. | Erosion |
B. | Weathering |
C. | Mass wasting |
D. | Degradation |
Answer» B. Weathering | |
Explanation: Weathering is the breaking clown of rocks, soils and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters. Weathering occurs in situ, or "with no movement |
260. |
Which of the following is an example of Plutonic Igneous Rock? |
A. | Basalt |
B. | Granite |
C. | Slate |
D. | Dolomite |
Answer» B. Granite | |
Explanation: When magma solidifies under the earth's surface, it forms plutonic rock bodies or plutons. The most common rock types in plutons are granite, granodiorite, tonalite, monzonite, and quartz diorite. |
261. |
Which one of the following is the greatest circle? |
A. | Tropic of Cancer |
B. | Tropic of Capricorn |
C. | Equator |
D. | Arctic Circle |
Answer» C. Equator | |
Explanation: An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass. This imaginary line on the Earth's surface is equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole, dividing the Earth into theNorthern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. It is one of the five notable circles of latitude on Earth, with the others being the two Polar Circles and the two Tropical Circles: the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. |
262. |
In the context of 'time', GMT means – |
A. | General Meridian Time |
B. | Greenwich Mean Time |
C. | Global Mean Time |
D. | None of these |
Answer» B. Greenwich Mean Time | |
Explanation: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is a time system originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, which later became adopted as a global time standard. It is the term in common use in the United Kingdom and countries of the Commonwealth, including Australia, South Africa, India, Pakistan and Malaysia, as well as many other countries in the Old World. |
263. |
When does the moon come between the Sun and earth? |
A. | Lunar eclipse |
B. | Solar eclipse |
C. | Sidereal day |
D. | Full moon day |
Answer» B. Solar eclipse | |
Explanation: As seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. This can happen only at new moon, when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth. In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon. In partial and annular eclipses only part of the Sun is obscured. |
264. |
Which one of the following is the example of sedimentary rocks? |
A. | Loess |
B. | Basalt |
C. | Granite |
D. | Gabbro |
Answer» A. Loess | |
Explanation: Loess is an Aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt, typically in the 20-50 micrometer size range, twenty percent or less clay and the balance equal parts sand and silt that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. It is usually homogeneous and highly porous and is traversed by vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs. The word loess, with connotations of origin by wind-deposited accumulation, is of German origin and means "loose." It was first applied to Rhine River valley loess about 1821. |
265. |
The west to east extension of the Himalayas is from – |
A. | Indus gorge to Dihang gorge |
B. | K2 to Chomoihari |
C. | NangaParbat to Namcha Barwa |
D. | Rakaposhi to Lohit river |
Answer» A. Indus gorge to Dihang gorge | |
Explanation: The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Brahmaputra marks the eastern most boundary of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. |
266. |
What is the position of the Earth when it is at the greatest distance from the sun? |
A. | Aphelion |
B. | Antipode |
C. | Perihelion |
D. | Aldiate |
Answer» A. Aphelion | |
Explanation: The Earth is farthest away from the Sun, at the aphelion point, two weeks after the June Solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is enjoying warm summer months. Conversely, it is closest to the Sun, or at the perihelion, about two weeks after the DecemberSolstice, when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. |
267. |
Most of the devastating earth-quakes are usually caused by – |
A. | Eustatic movement |
B. | Isostatic adjustment |
C. | Collision of earth plates |
D. | Volcanic eruption |
Answer» C. Collision of earth plates | |
Explanation: An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of enemy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The world's earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. They tend to be concentrated in narrow zones. An explanation is to be found in plate tectonics, a concept which has revolutionized thinking in the Earth's sciences. Plate tectonics tells us that the Earth's rigid outer shell (lithosphere) is broken into a mosaic of oceanic and continental plates which can slide over the plastic asthenosphere, which is the uppermost layer of the mantle. |
268. |
Which one of the four regions above the earth has smallest height (km.)? |
A. | Stratosphere |
B. | Mesosphere |
C. | Thermosphere |
D. | Troposphere |
Answer» D. Troposphere | |
Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. The average depth of the troposphere is approximately 17 km (11 mi) in the middle latitudes. It is deeper in the tropics, up to 20 km and shallower near the Polar Regions, at 7 km in summer and indistinct in winter. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols. |
269. |
Typhoons are common in the – |
A. | Arctic Ocean |
B. | Seas of China and Japan |
C. | Mexican Gulf |
D. | Indian Ocean |
Answer» B. Seas of China and Japan | |
Explanation: Typhoons are common in the China Sea and along the margins of the west Pacific Ocean. |
270. |
Which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere? |
A. | Troposphere |
B. | Stratosphere |
C. | Mesosphere |
D. | Thermosphere |
Answer» A. Troposphere | |
Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The air is very well mixed and the temperature decreases with altitude. |
271. |
Which one of the following represent the lines joining the places of equal rainfall? |
A. | Isohypses |
B. | Isohalines |
C. | Isobars |
D. | Isohyets |
Answer» D. Isohyets | |
Explanation: An isohyet or isohyetal line (from huetos, meaning 'rain') is a line joining points of equal precipitation on a map. A map with isohyets is called an isohyetal map. |
272. |
Daily weather changes in the atmosphere are associated with – |
A. | Troposphere |
B. | Mesosphere |
C. | Ionosphere |
D. | Stratosphere |
Answer» A. Troposphere | |
Explanation: The lowest layer of the atmosphere, 6 miles (10 km) high in some areas and as much as 12 miles (20 km) high in others, within which there is a steady drop in temperature with increasing altitude and within which nearly all cloud formations occur and weather conditions manifest themselves. |
273. |
Tropical storm in Chinese Sea is known as – |
A. | Wave |
B. | Tornado |
C. | Typhoon |
D. | Cyclone |
Answer» C. Typhoon | |
Explanation: Tropical Cyclone (also known as Typhoons (in the western Pacific), Hurricanes (Atlantic), or Tropical Revolving Storms) occur all year round over the northern South China Sea. However, the "Typhoon Season" is taken to be from the Autumn transition (Oct) to the first half of the Northeast monsoon (Nov-Dec), when they occur most frequently in the South China Sea. |
274. |
Black soil is mainly related with the crop of – |
A. | cotton |
B. | sugarcane |
C. | tea |
D. | coffee |
Answer» A. cotton | |
Explanation: Black soils, locally called regard or black cotton soils, and internationally known as 'tropical black earths' or 'tropical chernozems' have been developed by the weathering of the Deccan lava in India. They are highly retentive of moisture, extremely compact and tenacious when wet, considerably contracted developing deep wide cracks on drying and self-ploughing and are credited with high fertility of crops like cotton. |
275. |
Virtually treeless, sparse vegetation is found in : |
A. | Taiga |
B. | Alpine |
C. | Tundra |
D. | Chapparal |
Answer» C. Tundra | |
Explanation: Polar climates feature long and dark winter periods with extremely cold temperatures. Rainfall is low, and the deeper soillayers stay frozen all year round. These harsh conditions combined result in treeless, sparse vegetation, which includes shrubs, lichens and mosses, during summer months. This typical vegetation linked to polar climates is called tundra |
276. |
Name the condition which influences the development of plants into distinctive forms. |
A. | Climatic conditions |
B. | Soil conditions |
C. | Environmental conditions |
D. | Social conditions |
Answer» A. Climatic conditions | |
Explanation: The development of plants into diverse and distinctive forms is mainly due to climatic fact ors such as temperature, precipitation, etc, which arc in turn responsible for the variations in soil types. As seen in Koeppen's classification, we can identify different climates by the types of plants that grow there. |
277. |
The soils which are rich in Calcium are known as – |
A. | Pedocals |
B. | Pedalfers |
C. | Podsols |
D. | Laterites |
Answer» A. Pedocals | |
Explanation: 'Terra Rossa' in Latin or Italian language is another name for "Red Soil" or "Red Terrain". It is a type of red clay soil produced by the weathering of limestone. Terra Rossa is typically found in regions with a Mediterranean climate. |
278. |
Soil erosion can be prevented by – |
A. | Increasing bird population |
B. | Afforestation |
C. | Removal of vegetation |
D. | Overgrazing |
Answer» B. Afforestation | |
Explanation: Soil erosion takes place when the soil is blown away by the wind or washed awayby the rain. Afforestation or planting trees can check soil erosion as roots of trees/plants hold the soil. Thus, when more trees are planted their roots don't allow the soil to be blown or washed away and prevent soil erosion. |
279. |
Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? |
A. | Pacific Ocean |
B. | Indian Ocean |
C. | Atlantic Ocean |
D. | Arctic Ocean |
Answer» A. Pacific Ocean | |
Explanation: The Great Barrier Reef is located off the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia in the Coral Sea in the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. It is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2.300 kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres. |
280. |
A wide inlet of the sea usually concave in shape, is termed as a: |
A. | Strait |
B. | Sound |
C. | Bay |
D. | Fjord |
Answer» C. Bay | |
Explanation: Bay is inlet of the sea or other body of water usually smaller than a gulf. It refers to the concavity of a coastline or reentrant of the sea, formed by the movements of either the sea or a lake. A bay is usually located where more easily eroded rocks are bounded by harder and more resistant formations made from igneous rocks. |
281. |
Which of the following wind is blowing from the Mediterranean sea to the North Western parts of India? |
A. | Western disturbances |
B. | Norwesters |
C. | Loo |
D. | Mango showers |
Answer» A. Western disturbances | |
Explanation: Western Disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. Jet streams play an important role in bringing these disturbances to India. Western disturbances are generally active from December to February. |
282. |
Which layer of the earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer? |
A. | Troposphere |
B. | Mesosphere |
C. | Ionosphere |
D. | Stratosphere |
Answer» D. Stratosphere | |
Explanation: The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere. It is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth. The ozone layer absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light (200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which other-wise would be harmful to exposed life forms on the earth. |
283. |
The rock that results from solidification of molten lava from a volcano is an example of which of the following? |
A. | Igneous Rock |
B. | Granite Rock |
C. | Basalt Rock |
D. | Magnetite |
Answer» A. Igneous Rock | |
Explanation: Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma (or lava). As hot, molten rock rises to the surface, it undergoes changes in temperature and pressure that cause it to cool, solidify, and crystallize. There are over 700 known types of igneous rock, the majority of which are formed beneath the surface of the Earth's crust. However, some are also formed on the surface as a result of volcanic activity. |
284. |
Precipitation in the form of a mixture of rain and snow is called – |
A. | Drizzle |
B. | Hail |
C. | Sleet |
D. | Snow |
Answer» C. Sleet | |
Explanation: Sleet is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow. It forms when rain, while falling to the earth, passes through a layer of cold air and freezes. Sleet occurs when the temperature in the lowest part of the atmosphere is slightly above the freezing point of water (0 °C). |
285. |
The significant quantity of upper soil is formed by – |
A. | Igneous rock |
B. | Sedimentary rock |
C. | Metamorphic rock |
D. | Biological degradation |
Answer» B. Sedimentary rock | |
Explanation: The significant quantity of upper soil is formed by Sedimentary rock. |
286. |
In a desert region, soil erosion can be checked by – |
A. | Tree plantation/afforestation |
B. | Crop rotation |
C. | Contour ploughing |
D. | Using farm manure |
Answer» A. Tree plantation/afforestation | |
Explanation: Soil erosion in a desert region can be checked by tree plantation and afforestation. |
287. |
Laterite soil develops as a result of : |
A. | deposits of alluvial |
B. | deposits of loess |
C. | leaching |
D. | continued vegetation cover |
Answer» C. leaching | |
Explanation: Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick. The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. This is the result of intenseleaching due to heavy rain. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the micro organisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature. |
288. |
The soil water which is of the greatest importance to the plant life is– |
A. | Gravitational water |
B. | Capillary water |
C. | Hygroscopic water |
D. | Combined water |
Answer» B. Capillary water | |
Explanation: Capillarity is the primary force that enables the soil to retain water, as well as to regulate its movement. The phenomenon of capillarity also occurs in the soil. In the same way that water moves upwards through a tube against the force of gravity; water moves upwards through soil pores, or the spaces between soil particles. Gravitational water occupies the larger soil pores (macro pores) and moves down readily under the force of gravity. Water in excess of the field capacity is termed gravitational water. Gravitational water is of no use to plants because it occupies the larger pores. It reduces aeration in the soil. |
289. |
Which oneofgreenhouse gas? (1) Oxygen(2) Nitrogen(3) Carbon-dioxide(4) OzoneQ.45) Biggest planet of solar system is – |
A. | Earth |
B. | Mars |
C. | Saturn |
D. | Jupiter |
Answer» D. Jupiter | |
Explanation: Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar System. It is the largest by mass, volume, and surface area among other statistics. Here are the critical measurements of Jupiter as well as a few other interesting facts about the planet and other bodies in the Jovian system. |
290. |
Which is the second nearest star to the Earth after the Sun? |
A. | Vega |
B. | Sirius |
C. | Proxima Centauri |
D. | Alpha Centauri |
Answer» C. Proxima Centauri | |
Explanation: As the nearest star from our Solar System, Proxima Centauri is a prime candidate for future interstellar travel and space colonization missions. Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star about 4.24 light-years distant inside the G-cloud in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes, the Director of the Union Observatory in South Africa, and is the nearest known star to the Sun, although it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. |
291. |
On which of the following planets water cycle is available? |
A. | Jupiter |
B. | Earth |
C. | Mars |
D. | Venus |
Answer» B. Earth | |
Explanation: The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can comeand go, in and out of the atmosphere. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and subsurface flow. In so doing, the water goes through different phases: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (vapor). |
292. |
The asteroids revolve round the Sun in between : |
A. | Earth and Mars |
B. | Mars and Jupiter |
C. | Jupiter and Saturn |
D. | Saturn and Uranus |
Answer» B. Mars and Jupiter | |
Explanation: Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets, are small, rocky fragments left over from the formation of our solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. Most of this ancient space rubble can be found orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids range in size from Ceres, about 952 km (592 miles) in diameter, to bodies that are less than 1 km across. The total mass of all the asteroids is less than that of Earth's Moon. |
293. |
The Equator does not pass through which of the following countries? |
A. | Kenya |
B. | Mexico |
C. | Indonesia |
D. | Brazil |
Answer» B. Mexico | |
Explanation: The equator passes through 13 countries: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. |
294. |
The majority of Earth's crust is composed of which rock? |
A. | Igneous |
B. | Metamorphic |
C. | Sedimentary |
D. | Carbonate |
Answer» A. Igneous | |
Explanation: The Earth is composed predominantly of a large mass of igneous rock with a very thin veneer of weathered material— namely, sedimentary rock. |
295. |
The surface temperature of the sun is estimated as – |
A. | 6000 °C |
B. | 12000 °C |
C. | 18000 °C |
D. | 24000 °C |
Answer» A. 6000 °C | |
Explanation: The surface of the sun is called the photosphere. The photosphere is 340 miles thick and it's temperature s range from 5,500°C to 6,000°C. It has dark spots called sunspots which are the only solar activity observable by the naked eye. |
296. |
Sink hole is a phenomenon of topography. |
A. | Plain |
B. | Desert |
C. | Tundra |
D. | Karst |
Answer» D. Karst | |
Explanation: The course of a river from its source to its mouth is normally divided into 3 sections, namely upper, middle and lower courses. Action of the river on its valley from source to mouth in relation to the features developed by it is seen in the river valley profile, known as graded profile. Throughout the long profile of a river, deposition and erosion are balanced meaning that, given enough time, the river's long profile would become a smooth,concave, graded profile from its source to mouth. |
297. |
Earthquakes are caused by – |
A. | Denudation |
B. | Tectonism |
C. | Earth revolution |
D. | Earth rotation |
Answer» B. Tectonism | |
Explanation: Earthquakes result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Most occur along plate boundaries. Tectonic earth-quakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. |
298. |
The formation of 'Mushroom rock' in desert region is an example of – |
A. | Deflation |
B. | Attrition |
C. | Abrasion |
D. | Erosion |
Answer» C. Abrasion | |
Explanation: The rocks having broad upper part and narrow base resembling an umbrella or mushroom are called mushroom rocks or pedestal rocks. These undercut, mushroom- shaped rocks are formed due to abrasive works of wind. |
299. |
Which one of the following is a Sedimentary Rock? |
A. | Granite |
B. | Charnockite |
C. | Basalt |
D. | Arkose |
Answer» D. Arkose | |
Explanation: Arkose is a detrital sedimentary rock, specifically a type of sandstone containing at least 25% feldspar. It is commonly coarse- grained and usually either pink of gray (depending on the color of feldspar). |
300. |
Which one of the following is an unpredictable natural disaster? |
A. | Earthquake |
B. | Cyclone |
C. | Tornado |
D. | Hurricane |
Answer» A. Earthquake | |
Explanation: Despite rapid advances in earth sciences and technology, it is hard to predict the exact timing of an earthquake. The suddenness associated with earthquakes is the main reason behind severe damage to life and property. Due to the general unpredictability of earthquakes, it is best to stress the importance of planning ahead. |
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