McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: General Knowledge (GK) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) .
| 401. |
Who is commonly known as the Iron Man? |
| A. | Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel |
| B. | Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| C. | Vittal Bhai Patel |
| D. | Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Answer» A. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel | |
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Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was known the "Iron Man of India" or "Bismarck of India." He showed exemplary statesmanship in the integratiorn of princely states with the Union of India. |
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| 402. |
Gandhiji withdraw the Non Cooperation Movement due to - |
| A. | Chauri-Chaura Incident |
| B. | Champaran Movement |
| C. | Kakori Conspiracy |
| D. | Bardoli Movement |
| Answer» A. Chauri-Chaura Incident | |
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Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to violence in the Chauri Chaura incident. The incident involved the setting on fire of a police chowki (station) by a mob of angry citizens in 1922 which killed 22 policemen inside. |
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| 403. |
Who was the founder of Satya Shodak Sabha in Maharashtra? |
| A. | Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar |
| B. | Dr. Atmaram Pandurang |
| C. | Gopal Baba Wala |
| D. | Jyothiba Phule |
| Answer» D. Jyothiba Phule | |
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Explanation: In September 1873, Jyotirao Phule formed the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) to attain equal rights for peasants and the lower caste and his contributions to the field of education. Phule is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in Maharashtra. |
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| 404. |
Cripps Mission came to India in - |
| A. | 1946 |
| B. | 1945 |
| C. | 1942 |
| D. | 1940 |
| Answer» C. 1942 | |
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Explanation: The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. |
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| 405. |
The India Independence Bill was first presented in the House of Commons in London on: |
| A. | August 10, 1947 |
| B. | August 1, 1947 |
| C. | July 14, 1947 |
| D. | July 4, 1947 |
| Answer» D. July 4, 1947 | |
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Explanation: The Indian Independence Bill was presented in the House of Commons at 12:00 am on 4th July 1947. It received the royal assent on 18 July 1947. Viceroy Lord Mountbattenpersonally piloted the Bill through every stage of the House of the Commons until it became a law. |
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| 406. |
Who established the Sadr-Diwani- Adalat during the British East India Company's rule? |
| A. | Wellesley |
| B. | Warren Hastings |
| C. | Dalhousie |
| D. | Cornwallis |
| Answer» B. Warren Hastings | |
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Explanation: The Sadr Diwani Adalat was the Supreme Court of Revenue that was established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. The court's judges were the Governor General and Council Members of the East India Company, assisted by native judges and officers of revenue |
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| 407. |
Who was the founder of the Indian Reform Association in 1870? |
| A. | Debendranath Tagore |
| B. | Keshub Chandra Sen |
| C. | Rammohan Roy |
| D. | Dayanand Saraswati |
| Answer» B. Keshub Chandra Sen | |
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Explanation: The Indian Reform Association was formed on 29 October 1870 with Keshub Chandra Sen as President. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj. |
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| 408. |
Who was the founder of the Theosophical society of India? |
| A. | Annie Besant |
| B. | Womesh Chandra Bannerjee |
| C. | Ram Prasad Bismil |
| D. | Subhash Chandra Bose |
| Answer» A. Annie Besant | |
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Explanation: The Theosophical Society was first founded by a Russian lady, Madam H.P. Blavatsky and a former English army officer, Colonel H. S. Olcott in the United States of America in 1875. Under their inspiration, the Theosophical Society of India came into being at Adyar in Madras in 1886. |
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| 409. |
Who was the first Indian to be elected as the leader of the Communist International? |
| A. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| B. | PC. Joshi |
| C. | Sardar Vallabhai Patel |
| D. | M.N Roy |
| Answer» D. M.N Roy | |
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Explanation: M. N. Roy was a communist leader who was elected a full member of the Communist International in 1924, becoming the first Indian to achieve this honour was in charge of organizing the communist movement in Asia, including China. Roy also attempted to develop the revolutionary movement in India. |
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| 410. |
The Cabinet Mission' of 1946 was led by - |
| A. | Lord Linlithgow |
| B. | Lord Mountbatten |
| C. | Sir Pethic Lawrence |
| D. | Sir Mountford |
| Answer» C. Sir Pethic Lawrence | |
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Explanation: The Cabinet Mission that came to India on 24 March, 1946 was led by Sir Pethick Lawrence, Secretary of State for India. It also consisted of Sir Stafford Cripps. President of the Board of Trade and Alexander the First Lord of the Admiralty. It was formulated at the initiative of Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. |
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| 411. |
The quintessence of Gandhian thought is: |
| A. | Satyagraha |
| B. | Metaphysics |
| C. | E. Jones |
| D. | Moksha |
| Answer» C. E. Jones | |
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Explanation: According to Stanley E. Jones, Satyagraha is the totality or quintessence of Gandhian thoughts. Through it, Gandhi introduced a new spirit to the world - the philosophy of devotion to truth, remaining firm on the truth and resisting untruth actively but nonviolently. It is the greatest of all Gandhi's contribution to the world. |
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| 412. |
I which pact, warm relations were established between "Garam dal' and "Naram dal", the two groups of the Indian National Congress? |
| A. | Gandhi-Irwin Pact |
| B. | Lucknow Pact |
| C. | Karachi agreement |
| D. | Lahore declaration |
| Answer» A. Gandhi-Irwin Pact | |
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Explanation: The Lucknow Pact established cordial relations between the two prominent groups of the Indian National Congress - the "hot faction" led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and the moderates or the "soft factioled by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. |
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| 413. |
Who was the governor-general during the Second Anglo-Mysore War? |
| A. | Lord Wellesley |
| B. | Lord Cornwallis |
| C. | Sir John Shore |
| D. | Warren Hastings |
| Answer» D. Warren Hastings | |
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Explanation: The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company. Warren Hastings was the Governor- General then. The conflict ended with the singing of the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784. |
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| 414. |
Gandhi's inspiration for Civil Disobedience came from the writings of - |
| A. | Henry David Thoreau |
| B. | David Ricardo |
| C. | Henry Kissinger |
| D. | Bertrand Russell |
| Answer» A. Henry David Thoreau | |
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Explanation: Resistance to Civil. Government (Civil Disobedience) is an essay by AmericanTranscendentalist.Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. In it, Thor reau argues that individuals should notpermit gov-and that they have a du ernments to overrule or affopfly their consciences, o avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of Injus:e:Indian independence leader a Mohandas Gandhi ahatma Gandhi) was irn-pressed by Thoreau's ar tirnen |
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| 415. |
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epíthet of Lokamanya during - |
| A. | his imprisonment in 1908 |
| B. | Home Rule Movement |
| C. | Revoelutionary Movement |
| D. | Swadeshi Movement |
| Answer» B. Home Rule Movement | |
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Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was conferred with the honorary title of "Lokamanya", which literally means "Accepted by the people (as their leader)". He was honored with the title Lokamanya' in 1893 which became synonymous with him in the 1900. Tilak re joined the Indian National Congress in 1916. |
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| 416. |
Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) - Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement? |
| A. | Rowlatt Satyagraha |
| B. | Salt Satyagraha |
| C. | Quit India Movement |
| D. | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| Answer» C. Quit India Movement | |
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Explanation: The Quit India Movement or the August Movement (August Kranti) was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence. The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. |
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| 417. |
When Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated, who said, "None will believe that a man like this in body and soul ever walked on this earth"? |
| A. | Bertrand Russell |
| B. | Leo Tolstoy |
| C. | Albert Einstein |
| D. | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |
| Answer» C. Albert Einstein | |
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Explanation: In 1931, Albert Einstein wrote a short letter of admiration to another of the world's greatest minds Mohandas Gandhi. Despite their intentions, the pair never met in person. After Gandhi's death, Einstein said: "Generations to come will find it difficult to believe that a man such as Gandhi ever walked the face of this earth.” |
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| 418. |
Who among the following was the first to sign the 'Instruments of Accession'? |
| A. | The Maharaja of Baroda |
| B. | The Dewan of Travancore |
| C. | The Nizam of Hyderabad |
| D. | The Raja of Jodhpur |
| Answer» B. The Dewan of Travancore | |
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Explanation: The Instrument of Accession was a legal doment created in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British suzerainty to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan creat Rajya according to manyed by the Partition of British India. |
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| 419. |
The decline of Indian Handicrafts industry in the 19th century was attributed to |
| A. | competition from British manufacturing industries only |
| B. | disappearance of Indian Princely Courts only |
| C. | establishment of alien rule only |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
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Explanation: Tha major causes of decline in handicrafts in India during the British rule were: (i) disappearance of court culture; (ii) adverse influence of British rule on tastes and habits; (iii) competition from European manufacturers; (iv) one way free trade policy of the British; (v) exploitation of craftsmen by merchants, etc. |
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| 420. |
The joint session of the Congress and Muslim League was held in 1916 at - |
| A. | Delhi |
| B. | Kanpur |
| C. | Lucknow |
| D. | Madras |
| Answer» C. Lucknow | |
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Explanation: The joint session of the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah was held in Lucknow in 1916. |
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| 421. |
A prominent leader of the Ghadar Party was - |
| A. | P. Mitra |
| B. | Lala Har Dayal |
| C. | B.G. Tilak |
| D. | Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Answer» B. Lala Har Dayal | |
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Explanation: Lala Har Dayal was an Indian nationalist revolutionary who founded the Ghadar Party in America. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the USA to fight against British Imperialism during the First World War. |
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| 422. |
Who propounded the theory of ‘Drain of wealth' from India to Great Britain? |
| A. | Gopal Krishana Gokhale |
| B. | Dadabahai Naoroji |
| C. | Surendranth Banerjee |
| D. | Lala Lajpat Rai |
| Answer» B. Dadabahai Naoroji | |
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Explanation: It was in 1867 that Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the idea that Britain was draining India. From then on for nearly half a century he launched a raging campaign against the drain, hammering at the theme through every possible form of public communication. |
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| 423. |
The Swarajya Party was formed following the failure of - |
| A. | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| B. | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| C. | Quit India Movement |
| D. | Champaran Satyagraha |
| Answer» A. Non-Cooperation Movement | |
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Explanation: The Swarajya Party, established as the Congress Khilafat Swarajaya Party, was a political party form in India in 1923 that sought greater self-governme and political freedoms for the Indian people from the British Raj. |
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| 424. |
Who was the founder of Aligarh Movement? |
| A. | Sir Agha Khan |
| B. | Maulana Altaf Husain Hali |
| C. | Maulana Shibli |
| D. | Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan |
| Answer» D. Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan | |
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Explanation: Aligarh Movement was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the South Asia after the defeat of the rebels in the Indian rebellion of 1857. Its most significant achievement was the establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University. |
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| 425. |
The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the humiliation of - |
| A. | The Turkish Caliph |
| B. | Aga Khan |
| C. | Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
| D. | Abul Kalam Azad |
| Answer» A. The Turkish Caliph | |
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Explanation: The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the humiliation of the Turkish Caliph. The Sultan of Turkey was accepted by the Indian Muslims as their spíritual head. |
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| 426. |
Who among the following founded the All India Muslim League? |
| A. | Syed Ahmed Khan |
| B. | Muhammad Ali |
| C. | Aga Khan |
| D. | Hamid Ali Khan |
| Answer» C. Aga Khan | |
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Explanation: All Indía Muslim League was founded by Aga Khan. The first conference of the All India Muslim League was held at Amritsar under the presidentship of Sir Syed Ali Imam. |
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| 427. |
The foundar of the ‘Arya Samaj' was - |
| A. | Annie Besant |
| B. | Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| C. | Dayananda Saraswati |
| D. | Vivekananda |
| Answer» C. Dayananda Saraswati | |
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Explanation: Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement that was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in Bombay on 7 April 1875. He was a sanyasi who promoted the Vedas. He gave the Motto "Krinvanto Vishwam Aryanm (To Make the World Noble) to Arya Samaj. |
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| 428. |
In 197, an educational conference endorsing Gandhi's proposals for 'basic education' through the vernacular medium was held at - |
| A. | Surat |
| B. | Bombay |
| C. | Ahmedabad |
| D. | Wardha |
| Answer» D. Wardha | |
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Explanation: On July 31, 1937, Gandhi had published an article in the Harijan. Based upon this article, an all India National Education Conference was held on October 22 and 23, 1937, which was called the Wardha Educational Conference. |
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| 429. |
Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha was a part of |
| A. | Champaran Satyagraha |
| B. | Quit India Movement |
| C. | Non Cooperation Movement |
| D. | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| Answer» D. Civil Disobedience Movement | |
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Explanation: The Salt March which began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930, was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India. It triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. |
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| 430. |
The first Satyagraha of Gandhiji for the cause of indigo farmers was observed at - |
| A. | Champaran |
| B. | Chauri-Chaura |
| C. | Bardoli |
| D. | Sabarmati |
| Answer» A. Champaran | |
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Explanation: The Satyagraha of Gandhiji for the cause of indigo farmers was observed at Champaran, Bihar in 1917. |
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| 431. |
The Portuguese Governor who abolished Sati in Goa was - |
| A. | Albuquerque |
| B. | Cabral |
| C. | Almeida |
| D. | De Braganza |
| Answer» A. Albuquerque | |
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Explanation: The Portuguese Governor who abolished Sati in Goa was Albuquerque. |
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| 432. |
In which year, Gandhiji established Sabarmati Ashram in Guarat? |
| A. | 1916 |
| B. | 1917 |
| C. | 1918 |
| D. | 1929 |
| Answer» B. 1917 | |
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Explanation: The ashram was originally established at the Kocharab Bungalow of Jivanlal Desai on 25 May, 1915. The Ashram was then shifted on 17 June, 1917 to a piece of open land on the banks of the river Sabar-mati. |
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| 433. |
Where was the First Session of Indian National Congress held? |
| A. | Bombay |
| B. | Madras |
| C. | Calcutta |
| D. | Delhi |
| Answer» A. Bombay | |
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Explanation: Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians, the first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay during December 28-December 31, 1885. |
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| 434. |
Swarajya was declared as the goal of the Congress at ifs session held in 1908 at - |
| A. | Bombay |
| B. | Calcutta |
| C. | Lucknow |
| D. | Madras |
| Answer» B. Calcutta | |
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Explanation: In 1906, the session at Calcutta was presided by Dada Bhai Naoroji. It was under the leadership of Naoroji that the Congress adopted Swaraj as the goal of Indian people. |
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| 435. |
Gandhi started the ‘Dandi March’ from - |
| A. | Ahmedalbad |
| B. | Allahabad |
| C. | Dandi |
| D. | Calcutta |
| Answer» A. Ahmedalbad | |
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Explanation: The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. |
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| 436. |
Who, among the following, founded the All India Depressed Classes Federation' in 1920? |
| A. | M.K. Gandhi |
| B. | Jyotiba Phule |
| C. | G.K. Gokhale |
| D. | B.R. Ambedkar |
| Answer» D. B.R. Ambedkar | |
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Explanation: The Conference of the Depressed Classes at Nagpur on August 8, 1930 presided over by Dr. Ambedkar, passed the resolution to have separate electorates for the depressed classes. This conference formed All India Depressed Classes Federation. |
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| 437. |
The first Trading Centre which was established by the British was - |
| A. | Kolkata |
| B. | Surat |
| C. | Chennai |
| D. | Mumbai |
| Answer» B. Surat | |
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Explanation: The British East India Company opened their first trading center at Surat, Gujarat in 1612. This was as per the deed of right Mughal Emperor Jehangir granted to them. In 1640, they opened their second center in Madras (now Chennai). |
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| 438. |
Who among the following started the first newspaper in India? |
| A. | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| B. | W.C. Bonnerjee |
| C. | Rabindranath Tagore |
| D. | James A. Hickey |
| Answer» D. James A. Hickey | |
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Explanation: The first major newspaper in India-The Bengal Gazette-was started in 1780 under the British Raj by James Augustus Hickey. |
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| 439. |
In violation of the Salt Laws, Gandhiji started a movement called |
| A. | Non-Cooperation movement |
| B. | Swadeshi Movement |
| C. | Civil Disobedience Move-ment |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Civil Disobedience Move-ment | |
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Explanation: The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930. The Salt Satyagraha was the next significant non-violent protest against the British, after the NonCooperation movement of 1920-22 and India's First Waro Independence 1857. |
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| 440. |
The Cabinet Mission came to India in - |
| A. | 1943 |
| B. | 1944 |
| C. | 1945 |
| D. | 1946 |
| Answer» D. 1946 | |
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Explanation: The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Government to Indian leadership, providing India with independence. The Mission held talks with the representatives of the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League, the two largest political parties in the Constituent Assembly of India. |
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| 441. |
Which of the following was established by B.R. Ambedkar? |
| A. | Swaraj Party |
| B. | Samaj Samata Party |
| C. | All India Scheduled Castes Federation |
| D. | The Independent Labour Party |
| Answer» C. All India Scheduled Castes Federation | |
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Explanation: Scheduled Castes Federation was a political party in India, founded by Dr. Ambedkar in 1942 to fight for the rights of the Dalit community. |
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| 442. |
The idea of Pakistan was first conceived by - |
| A. | Muhammad Iqbal |
| B. | M. A. Jinnah |
| C. | Shaukat Ali |
| D. | Aga Khan |
| Answer» A. Muhammad Iqbal | |
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Explanation: Muhammad Iqbal elucidated to Jinnah his vision of a separate Muslim state in a letter sent on June 21, 1937: "A separate federation of Muslim Provinces, reformedon the lines I have suggested above, is the only course by which we can secure a peaceful India and save Muslims from the do in/nation of NonMusplims. |
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| 443. |
Who scripted Gandhiji's favorite song “Vaishnav Jan To ”. |
| A. | Narsinh Mehta |
| B. | Premanand |
| C. | Chunilal |
| D. | Dharmiklal |
| Answer» A. Narsinh Mehta | |
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Explanation: Narsingh Mehta was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, and a member of the Nagar Brahmins community, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnava poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature where he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi (Sanskrit for first among poets"). |
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| 444. |
Where did Aurangzeb die? |
| A. | Ahmednagar |
| B. | Aurangabad |
| C. | Allahabad |
| D. | Lahore |
| Answer» B. Aurangabad | |
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Explanation: Aurangzed, the last Great Mughal emperor, who spent the latter years of his reigh, 1681-1707, in the Deccan died at khuldabad near Aurangabad in 1707, and a small monument upon the future course. |
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| 445. |
When was the first train steamed off in India? |
| A. | 1848 |
| B. | 1853 |
| C. | 1875 |
| D. | 1880 |
| Answer» B. 1853 | |
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Explanation: Two new railway companies, Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) and East Indian Railway (EIR) were created in 1853- 54 to construct and operate two 'experimental' lines near Bombay and Calcutta respectively. The first train in India had become operational on 22 December, 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April, 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. |
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| 446. |
Who was the Chairman of the Union Powers Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India? |
| A. | Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel |
| B. | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
| C. | Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar |
| D. | Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Answer» D. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru | |
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Explanation: On the 14 August, 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. The Union Powers Committee and the Union Constitution Committee was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. |
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| 447. |
From where did Acharya Vinoba Bhave start the Individual Satyagraha in 1940? |
| A. | Nadiad in Gujarat |
| B. | Pavnar in Maharashtra |
| C. | Adyar in Tamil Nadu |
| D. | Guntur in Andhra Pradesh |
| Answer» B. Pavnar in Maharashtra | |
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Explanation: In October, 1940, Gandhi selected Vinoba Bhave as the first Satyagrahi- civil resister-for the individual Satyagraha against the British, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second. Gandhi personally went to Pavnar Ashram to seek his consent. After obtaining Vinoba's consent, Gandhi issued a comprehensive statement on 5 October, 1940. |
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| 448. |
The first to come and last to leave India were - |
| A. | the Portuguese |
| B. | the French |
| C. | the English |
| D. | the Dutch |
| Answer» A. the Portuguese | |
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Explanation: The first Portuguese encounter with India was on May 20, 1498 when Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. The Portuguese State of India was established in 1505 as a viceroyalty of the Kingdom of Portugal, six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and India, to serve as the plenipotentiary governing body of a string of Portuguese for tresses and colonies overseas. |
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| 449. |
What was the Wood's Despatch about? |
| A. | Industry |
| B. | Army |
| C. | Education |
| D. | Agriculture |
| Answer» C. Education | |
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Explanation: Wood's Despatch was a scheme of education that was proposed by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company, in 1854. It repudiated the "downward filtration theory" and emphasized on the education of the masses and announced the duty and responsibility of the Government to provide education for the people of India. It is known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India. |
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| 450. |
'Sati' was abolished by - |
| A. | Lord Ripon |
| B. | Warren Hastings |
| C. | Lord Cornwallis |
| D. | William Bentinck |
| Answer» D. William Bentinck | |
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Explanation: The system of Sati was abolished in India during the governor-generalship of Lord William Bentinck. It was on 4 December 1829, when the practice was formally banned in all the lands under Bengal Presidency by Bentinck. By this regulation, the people who abetted sati were declared guilty of "culpable homicide." |
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