McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 51. |
In leadership trait theory what is a trait? |
| A. | a list of the things that make leaders different to everyone else |
| B. | a list of the key things that a leader should do to be great |
| C. | the list of key behaviours a leader exhibits |
| D. | a list of key characteristics that makes a leader great |
| Answer» D. a list of key characteristics that makes a leader great | |
| 52. |
For the Ohio State leadership studies the perfect leader: |
| A. | combines a focus on the task and the employee |
| B. | focuses on the task and getting things done |
| C. | inspires workers to aim higher and achieve more |
| D. | is concerned about the small details and how to increase productivity |
| Answer» A. combines a focus on the task and the employee | |
| 53. |
Contingency theory is based on the assumption that the ideal leader: |
| A. | shapes their leadership style depending on the situation |
| B. | provides clear instructions to the followers so that they know what they are doing |
| C. | knows what their strengths are and makes the most out of them |
| D. | spends time with their followers and therefore listens and responds to their needs |
| Answer» A. shapes their leadership style depending on the situation | |
| 54. |
A transactional leader is one who: |
| A. | inspires people and has strong interactions with them |
| B. | does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants |
| C. | is the ideal form of leadership |
| D. | works for long-term goals of the organization |
| Answer» B. does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants | |
| 55. |
What is a transformational leader? |
| A. | someone who is involved in organizational change |
| B. | a leader, like taylor, who provided new ways of carrying out management |
| C. | a leader who inspires the workers to new levels by offering them a vision of a better future |
| D. | leader who tries to transform their staff by giving them rewards for what they do |
| Answer» C. a leader who inspires the workers to new levels by offering them a vision of a better future | |
| 56. |
What is post-heroic leadership theory? |
| A. | a theory which states that there is too much emphasis on leaders and more attention should be placed on followers |
| B. | a theory looking beyond current leadership styles to new, more creative ways of leading |
| C. | a theory which tries to create new organizations which do not need leaders |
| D. | a theory which tries to find the ideal form of leadership |
| Answer» A. a theory which states that there is too much emphasis on leaders and more attention should be placed on followers | |
| 57. |
What is the social construction of leadership? |
| A. | the view that all leadership is social and what matters is how leaders interact with others |
| B. | leadership is a made up idea that therefore we should pay more attention to more significant aspects of the organization |
| C. | what counts as good leadership is a construction of the perceptions of the followers |
| D. | leadership is something that the leader constructs as they meet with others |
| Answer» C. what counts as good leadership is a construction of the perceptions of the followers | |
| 58. |
What is the 'glass ceiling'? |
| A. | a barrier which prevents women from passing through to more senior positions in the company |
| B. | an old fashioned idea that suggests that women should not make it to the boardroom in organizations |
| C. | the effect where men can pass by women in women dominated professions |
| D. | an approach which seeks to get more women in senior positions in organizations |
| Answer» A. a barrier which prevents women from passing through to more senior positions in the company | |
| 59. |
Jimmy is very quiet at school, but later that night at a party Jimmy gets 'crazy' and starts to cut the rug on the dance floor. Jimmy's classmates are stunned at this displayed behavior. Jimmy is experiencing: |
| A. | group polarization |
| B. | the power of ssri\s |
| C. | deindividuation |
| D. | groupthink |
| Answer» C. deindividuation | |
| 60. |
_____________ set up an experiment, known as the Stanford Prison experiment, where people plaed the role of a prison guard. The goal was to observe if this authority position would cause them to act differently. |
| A. | stanley milgram |
| B. | philip zimbardo |
| C. | soloman ache |
| D. | muzafer sherif |
| Answer» B. philip zimbardo | |
| 61. |
Social Facilitation occurs: |
| A. | to the tendency for people to do less in a group setting |
| B. | to the tendency to keep personal opinions to themselves for fear of upsetting the group |
| C. | when the presence of other people watching improves a person’s performance |
| D. | when the presence of other people watching hinders a person\s performance |
| Answer» C. when the presence of other people watching improves a person’s performance | |
| 62. |
Groupthink is defined as: |
| A. | when an attitude becomes stronger in group presence |
| B. | thinking that revolves around keeping harmony within a group through not disagreeing with group opinion |
| C. | the tendency to do less in a group situation |
| D. | improved performance when people are watching |
| Answer» B. thinking that revolves around keeping harmony within a group through not disagreeing with group opinion | |
| 63. |
In Stanley Migram's experiment on the role of obedience, the ____________ was the person who worked with Milgram and played the part of an authority figure. |
| A. | teacher |
| B. | learner |
| C. | experimenter |
| D. | doctor |
| Answer» C. experimenter | |
| 64. |
According to Soloman Ache, in his experiment on conformity ____% of the subjects gave the wrong answer because the group unanimously also gave the wrong answer. |
| A. | 76 |
| B. | 48 |
| C. | 32 |
| D. | 89 |
| Answer» A. 76 | |
| 65. |
In Stanley Milgram's experiment on the role of obedience, the ___________ was the subject who was being observed and did not know what the experiment was about or what was being studied. |
| A. | learner |
| B. | experimenter |
| C. | teacher |
| D. | milgram |
| Answer» C. teacher | |
| 66. |
____________________ is a change in behavior or belief as a result of group pressure. |
| A. | cohesiveness |
| B. | conformity |
| C. | compliance |
| D. | obedience |
| Answer» B. conformity | |
| 67. |
Publicly acting in accord with social pressure while privately disagreeing is called |
| A. | acceptance |
| B. | compliance |
| C. | reactance |
| D. | interaction |
| Answer» B. compliance | |
| 68. |
Both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called |
| A. | acceptance |
| B. | reactance |
| C. | compliance |
| D. | interaction |
| Answer» A. acceptance | |
| 69. |
An important difference between Asch's experiment in which participants judged the length of lines and Sherif's experiment in which participants judged the movement of light was that |
| A. | asch\s participants were older than were sherif\s |
| B. | there was an obviously correct answer in judging the length of lines but that was not so in judging the movement of light |
| C. | asch\s participants made their judgments privately whereas sherif\s participants made their judgments publicly |
| D. | asch\s participants were all male whereas sherif\s participants were both male |
| Answer» B. there was an obviously correct answer in judging the length of lines but that was not so in judging the movement of light | |
| 70. |
In Asch's study of perceptual judgment involving the length of lines, naive participants conformed __________________ of the time to the false judgments of the confederates. |
| A. | 10 percent |
| B. | 37 percent |
| C. | 68 percent |
| D. | 92 percent |
| Answer» B. 37 percent | |
| 71. |
Participants' tendencies to obey the experimenter's commands to shock a victim were highest when the experimenter was ___________ and the victim was ___________. |
| A. | close; distant |
| B. | close; close |
| C. | distant; distant |
| D. | distant; close |
| Answer» A. close; distant | |
| 72. |
To believe that Asch's compliant participants were particularly spineless people is to |
| A. | forget that behavior shapes belief |
| B. | overlook other personality characteristics that determine conformity |
| C. | make the fundamental attribution error |
| D. | ignore how the status of the experimenter shapes behavior |
| Answer» C. make the fundamental attribution error | |
| 73. |
How social pressure may lead us to perform immoral acts is best illustrated by studies of |
| A. | psychological reactance |
| B. | spontaneous self-concept |
| C. | obedience to authority |
| D. | informational influence |
| Answer» C. obedience to authority | |
| 74. |
The effect of group size on conformity has been explained by _____________ theory. |
| A. | cognitive dissonance |
| B. | social norm |
| C. | psychological reactance |
| D. | social impact |
| Answer» D. social impact | |
| 75. |
Milgram reported that a participant's tendency to obey the experimenter decreased dramatically |
| A. | when two other participants defied the experimenter |
| B. | when the participant could not hear the responses of the learner |
| C. | when the experimenter was a female |
| D. | when the experimenter was younger than the participant |
| Answer» A. when two other participants defied the experimenter | |
| 76. |
Philip hates to attend concerts but goes because his wife wants to. After three years Philip comes to genuinely enjoy concerts. This is an example of |
| A. | how acceptance can lead to compliance |
| B. | how compliance can lead to acceptance |
| C. | the "boomerang effect" |
| D. | how psychological reactance can lead to acceptance |
| Answer» B. how compliance can lead to acceptance | |
| 77. |
Commitment without intimacy or passion is |
| A. | romantic love |
| B. | empty love |
| C. | non love |
| D. | consummate love |
| Answer» B. empty love | |
| 78. |
Decibel (dB) is the unit of |
| A. | temperature |
| B. | noise |
| C. | pressure |
| D. | density |
| Answer» B. noise | |
| 79. |
Depressive disorder connected to a specific season is |
| A. | bipolar disorder |
| B. | sad |
| C. | mania |
| D. | hallucination |
| Answer» B. sad | |
| 80. |
A person’s domicile is an example of _____________ territory |
| A. | primary |
| B. | secondary |
| C. | tertiary |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. primary | |
| 81. |
Waiting room is a kind of _____________ territory |
| A. | primary |
| B. | secondary |
| C. | tertiary |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. tertiary | |
| 82. |
One’s preferred chair in a class is _____________ |
| A. | primary territory |
| B. | secondary territory |
| C. | tertiary territory |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. secondary territory | |
| 83. |
Crowding is a: |
| A. | psychological phenomena |
| B. | subjective feeling |
| C. | potential source of stress |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 84. |
Everyone has the right to access is: |
| A. | primary territory |
| B. | secondary territory |
| C. | tertiary territory |
| D. | both b & c |
| Answer» C. tertiary territory | |
| 85. |
According to Hall, intimate distance is |
| A. | 6 – 18 inches |
| B. | 1.5 – 4 feet |
| C. | 4 – 12 feet |
| D. | 12 – 25 feet |
| Answer» A. 6 – 18 inches | |
| 86. |
Personal distance is |
| A. | 6 – 18 inches |
| B. | 1.5 – 4 feet |
| C. | 4 – 12 feet |
| D. | 12 – 25 feet |
| Answer» B. 1.5 – 4 feet | |
| 87. |
Public distance can be |
| A. | 6 – 18 inches |
| B. | 1.5 – 4 feet |
| C. | 4 – 12 feet |
| D. | 12 – 25 feet |
| Answer» D. 12 – 25 feet | |
| 88. |
A distance of __________ is social distance |
| A. | 6 – 18 inches |
| B. | 1.5 – 4 feet |
| C. | 4 – 12 feet |
| D. | 12 – 25 feet |
| Answer» C. 4 – 12 feet | |
| 89. |
The highest level of physical distance is in ____________ |
| A. | intimate relations |
| B. | public relations |
| C. | personal relations |
| D. | social relations |
| Answer» B. public relations | |
| 90. |
Personal space first defined by |
| A. | hall |
| B. | sommer |
| C. | katz |
| D. | sheriff |
| Answer» C. katz | |
| 91. |
Correct Sequence of prosocial behaviour |
| A. | notice what is happening > interpret the event as an emergency > experience feelings of responsibility > believe that they have the skills to help > make a conscious choice to offer assistance |
| B. | interpret the event as an emergency > notice what is happening > experience feelings of responsibility > believe that they have the skills to help > make a conscious choice to offer assistance |
| C. | believe that they have the skills to help > experience feelings of responsibility > notice what is happening > interpret the event as an emergency > make a conscious choice to offer assistance |
| D. | experience feelings of responsibility > believe that they have the skills to help > notice what is happening > interpret the event as an emergency > make a conscious choice to offer assistance |
| Answer» A. notice what is happening > interpret the event as an emergency > experience feelings of responsibility > believe that they have the skills to help > make a conscious choice to offer assistance | |
| 92. |
Unselfish concern for other people is |
| A. | prosocial behaviour |
| B. | bystander effect |
| C. | altruism |
| D. | volunteering |
| Answer» C. altruism | |
| 93. |
The Negative Affect Escape Model explained by |
| A. | baron |
| B. | baron & bell |
| C. | bell |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. baron & bell | |
| 94. |
Negative Affect Escape Model links to: |
| A. | inverted s hypothesis |
| B. | inverted u hypothesis |
| C. | parabola |
| D. | s curve |
| Answer» B. inverted u hypothesis | |
| 95. |
Population is effected by |
| A. | birth & death |
| B. | immigration |
| C. | emigration |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 96. |
Technical term used for the study of human population |
| A. | biography |
| B. | demography |
| C. | bibliography |
| D. | census |
| Answer» B. demography | |
| 97. |
Kin selection is an evolutionary theory that explains ______________ of Altruism |
| A. | biological reasons |
| B. | neurological reasons |
| C. | cognitive reasons |
| D. | social norms |
| Answer» A. biological reasons | |
| 98. |
Emergency observed -> Empathy aroused -> Help provided to the victim as it gave good feeling to the helper is; |
| A. | negative – state relief model |
| B. | genetic determinism mode |
| C. | empathy-altruism hypothesis |
| D. | empathy-joy hypothesis |
| Answer» C. empathy-altruism hypothesis | |
| 99. |
Who is more likely to help? |
| A. | a person with a handicap |
| B. | a person with an altruistic personality |
| C. | a stranger to the victim |
| D. | a person in a crowd of strangers |
| Answer» B. a person with an altruistic personality | |
| 100. |
__________ introduced the notion that the presence of others can facilitate certain behavior. |
| A. | Bandura. |
| B. | Allport. |
| C. | Festinger. |
| D. | Milgram. |
| Answer» B. Allport. | |
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