McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 151. |
The process of understanding what something is by knowing what other things it is equivalent to, and what other things it is different from” describes the process of |
| A. | Individuation. |
| B. | Categorization. |
| C. | Illusory correlation. |
| D. | Differentiation. |
| Answer» B. Categorization. | |
| 152. |
__________ __________ describes the belief that two variables are associated with one another when in fact there is a little or no actual association. The appropriate blanks are |
| A. | Illusory correlation. |
| B. | Illuminated correlation. |
| C. | Correlated categories. |
| D. | Shared distinctiveness. |
| Answer» A. Illusory correlation. | |
| 153. |
Behavior that is valued by others in a particular culture is known as: |
| A. | Prosocial behavior. |
| B. | Helping behavior. |
| C. | Altruism. |
| D. | None of the above. |
| Answer» A. Prosocial behavior. | |
| 154. |
Helping behavior: |
| A. | Is defined as behavior that only benefits others and does not benefit the self |
| B. | Includes actions that only benefit the self |
| C. | Includes actions that benefit others and the self in the same instance. |
| D. | None of the above. |
| Answer» C. Includes actions that benefit others and the self in the same instance. | |
| 155. |
Which of the following normative beliefs provides an explanation for why we have a tendency to help others? |
| A. | Social responsibility. |
| B. | Diffusion of responsibility. |
| C. | Audience inhibition. |
| D. | Bystander apathy. |
| Answer» A. Social responsibility. | |
| 156. |
The belief people have that the world is a fair place where good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people leads perceivers to be: |
| A. | More likely to help others. |
| B. | Less likely to help others. |
| C. | More likely to help those who are not responsible for their situation. |
| D. | None of the above. |
| Answer» C. More likely to help those who are not responsible for their situation. | |
| 157. |
When an individual observes another person in an emergency and actively decides to help that person, this is known as |
| A. | Bystander apathy. |
| B. | Bystander intervention. |
| C. | Diffusion of responsibility. |
| D. | Audience inhibition |
| Answer» B. Bystander intervention. | |
| 158. |
The failure to act in an emergency due to concern over what other people will think of you and/or because you think the situation isn’t an emergency because no-one else is reacting is known as |
| A. | Audience inhibition. |
| B. | Diffusion of responsibility. |
| C. | The bystander calculus model. |
| D. | Costs of helping. |
| Answer» A. Audience inhibition. | |
| 159. |
Which of the following people are less likely to help? |
| A. | Those with an altruistic personality. |
| B. | Those with an internal locus of control. |
| C. | Those with high dispositional empathy. |
| D. | Those who are low in social responsibility. |
| Answer» D. Those who are low in social responsibility. | |
| 160. |
In general __________ moods __________ helping behavior. The most appropriate blanks are |
| A. | Good, decrease. |
| B. | Bad, increase. |
| C. | Bad, decrease. |
| D. | Good, don’t influence. |
| Answer» C. Bad, decrease. | |
| 161. |
The idea that if we empathise with someone in need we are more likely to help them is known as |
| A. | The helping oneself hypothesis. |
| B. | Egotistic helping |
| C. | The affect-priming model. |
| D. | The empathy-altruism hypothesis. |
| Answer» D. The empathy-altruism hypothesis. | |
| 162. |
The state of arousal that is victim-focused, involving feelings of sympathy and compassion for the sufferer, is known as |
| A. | Reciprocity. |
| B. | Empathic concern. |
| C. | Personal distress. |
| D. | Altruism. |
| Answer» B. Empathic concern. | |
| 163. |
A perceiver is more likely to feel empathy when the victim is |
| A. | Similar to them |
| B. | Female |
| C. | Crying |
| D. | Stupid |
| Answer» A. Similar to them | |
| 164. |
The term that describes our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to other individuals is |
| A. | Intergroup relations. |
| B. | Interpersonal relation |
| C. | Affiliation |
| D. | Attraction |
| Answer» B. Interpersonal relation | |
| 165. |
The idea that our need for affiliation is satisfied by aligning our desire for privacy with our actual level of contact is outlined by the |
| A. | Dialectic principle |
| B. | Optimization principle |
| C. | Privacy regulation theory |
| D. | Social affiliation model |
| Answer» C. Privacy regulation theory | |
| 166. |
People generally prefer other people whose faces are |
| A. | Asymmetric. |
| B. | Symmetric |
| C. | Small |
| D. | Oval |
| Answer» B. Symmetric | |
| 167. |
The matching hypothesis says that couples who are matched in terms of __________ will be better suited to one another |
| A. | Attractiveness |
| B. | Intelligence |
| C. | Hobbies and interests |
| D. | Number of other friends |
| Answer» A. Attractiveness | |
| 168. |
The way in which we compare ourselves to others in order to provide our attitudes and behavior with validity is known as: |
| A. | Social competition. |
| B. | Social comparison |
| C. | A self-fulfilling prophecy |
| D. | An evolutionary explanation |
| Answer» B. Social comparison | |
| 169. |
The idea of complementarity suggests that a perceiver may find someone who is powerful attractive because __________. The most appropriate blanks are |
| A. | They are weak |
| B. | They are not powerful |
| C. | Powerful people are always attractive |
| D. | None of the above. |
| Answer» B. They are not powerful | |
| 170. |
Knowing that another person likes us might increase our attraction to them via |
| A. | Social comparison. |
| B. | Social cognition |
| C. | A self-fulfilling prophecy |
| D. | Mere exposure |
| Answer» C. A self-fulfilling prophecy | |
| 171. |
Scientific research in social psychology began around the end of the |
| A. | 1600’s |
| B. | 1700’s |
| C. | 1800’s |
| D. | 1900’s |
| Answer» C. 1800’s | |
| 172. |
Relative to individuals with low self-esteem, individuals with high self-esteem are |
| A. | Less likely to benefit from social comparisons. |
| B. | More likely to react to rejection violently |
| C. | More likely to have realistic appraisals of themselves |
| D. | More likely to engage in self-handicapping. |
| Answer» B. More likely to react to rejection violently | |
| 173. |
Which of the following is least characteristic of research in social psychology between the 1930s and 1950s? |
| A. | The use of experimentation in research |
| B. | An emphasis on the application of social psychology to practical concerns |
| C. | An integration of social and cognitive processes that determine behavior |
| D. | Attention to the topics of conformity and prejudice |
| Answer» C. An integration of social and cognitive processes that determine behavior | |
| 174. |
Sociologists tend to study behavior at the __________ level, whereas the social psychologists study behavior at the __________ level. |
| A. | Interpersonal; cultural |
| B. | Specific; general |
| C. | Social; cognitive |
| D. | Group; individual |
| Answer» D. Group; individual | |
| 175. |
What factor does not initiate attraction? |
| A. | Long distance |
| B. | Physical attractiveness |
| C. | Similarity |
| D. | Feeling liked |
| Answer» A. Long distance | |
| 176. |
According to the text, geographical nearness is |
| A. | Closeness |
| B. | Nearness |
| C. | Proximity |
| D. | Immediacy |
| Answer» C. Proximity | |
| 177. |
The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after the rater has repeatedly exposed to them is |
| A. | The novel stimuli effect |
| B. | The mere-exposure effect |
| C. | The repeated exposure effect |
| D. | The nonsense effect |
| Answer» B. The mere-exposure effect | |
| 178. |
Which of the following is supported by research on social attraction? |
| A. | Distance makes the heart fonder. |
| B. | Beauty and brains are equal |
| C. | Opposites |
| D. | Familiarity produces fondness |
| Answer» D. Familiarity produces fondness | |
| 179. |
The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are similar in attractiveness and other traits is |
| A. | The partner effect |
| B. | The attractiveness effect |
| C. | Similarity phenomenon |
| D. | Matching phenomenon |
| Answer» D. Matching phenomenon | |
| 180. |
The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits is the |
| A. | Attractiveness effect |
| B. | Physical-attractiveness stereotype |
| C. | Reciprocity effect |
| D. | Matching phenomenon |
| Answer» B. Physical-attractiveness stereotype | |
| 181. |
Opposites attract is an aspect of the |
| A. | Matching phenomenon |
| B. | Reward theory of attraction |
| C. | Complementary hypothesis |
| D. | The ingratiation effect |
| Answer» C. Complementary hypothesis | |
| 182. |
A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interests is |
| A. | Empathy |
| B. | Reciprocity |
| C. | Altruism |
| D. | Personality trait |
| Answer» C. Altruism | |
| 183. |
The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards is |
| A. | Social-exchange theory |
| B. | Social-interaction theory |
| C. | Reciprocity theory |
| D. | Social norms theory |
| Answer» A. Social-exchange theory | |
| 184. |
A motive to increase one’s own welfare is |
| A. | The illusion of control effect |
| B. | Achievement motivation |
| C. | Self-efficacy |
| D. | Egoism |
| Answer» D. Egoism | |
| 185. |
An expectation that people will help those who have helped them is |
| A. | Social norm |
| B. | Social-responsibility norm |
| C. | Reciprocity norm |
| D. | Restitution norm |
| Answer» C. Reciprocity norm | |
| 186. |
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them is |
| A. | Social-responsibility norm |
| B. | Reciprocity norm |
| C. | Dependent norm |
| D. | Social norm |
| Answer» A. Social-responsibility norm | |
| 187. |
The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes is |
| A. | Evolutionary altruism |
| B. | Kin selection |
| C. | The close relatives effect |
| D. | The mutually shared genes effect |
| Answer» B. Kin selection | |
| 188. |
The finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other people around is |
| A. | The bystander effect |
| B. | The reciprocity effect |
| C. | The situational effect |
| D. | The negative empathy |
| Answer» A. The bystander effect | |
| 189. |
Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism? |
| A. | Depression |
| B. | Grief |
| C. | Guilt |
| D. | Anger. |
| Answer» C. Guilt | |
| 190. |
According to the text, people are likely to help when |
| A. | Other people are around |
| B. | They feel happy |
| C. | They are depressed |
| D. | They are well educated |
| Answer» B. They feel happy | |
| 191. |
From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why |
| A. | Someone risked his life to help a stranger |
| B. | Someone paid his daughter’s hospital bill |
| C. | Someone risked his life to help his father. |
| D. | Someone risked his life to help his daughter |
| Answer» A. Someone risked his life to help a stranger | |
| 192. |
Attribution theory concerns our tendency to explain our behavior and that of others |
| A. | By external causes rather than internal causes |
| B. | By inferring causes on the basis of internal or external factors |
| C. | By internal rather than external causes |
| D. | Based on personality factors. |
| Answer» B. By inferring causes on the basis of internal or external factors | |
| 193. |
When making the “attribution error,” we tend to overestimate the importance of __________ in judging the behavior of others. |
| A. | Personal factors |
| B. | Situational factors |
| C. | Intelligence |
| D. | Motivation |
| Answer» A. Personal factors | |
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