McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
Chapters
| 601. |
The deep cardiac plexus: |
| A. | is functionally separate from the superficial cardiac plexus |
| B. | lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum |
| C. | receives predominantly right phrenic input |
| D. | is posterior to the bifurcation of the trachea |
| E. | is smaller than the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» B. lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum | |
| 602. |
The abdominal inferior vena cava: |
| A. | is shorter than the abdominal aorta |
| B. | enters the thorax through muscular diaphragm at T8 |
| C. | creates a groove over the quadrate lobe of liver |
| D. | crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries |
| E. | commences in front of the right common iliac artery |
| Answer» D. crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries | |
| 603. |
The testicular veins: |
| A. | have valves at their terminations |
| B. | is formed by two venae comitantes in the pelvis |
| C. | enter the inferior vena cava |
| D. | receive the suprarenal veins as tributaries |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. have valves at their terminations | |
| 604. |
Regarding the ribs: |
| A. | the 1st costal cartilage articulates with the manubrium by a synovial joint |
| B. | the radiate ligament has two bands, upper and lower |
| C. | the typical ribs are 3rd to 10th |
| D. | the groove for the subclavian artery is anterior to the scalene tubercle on the 1st rib |
| E. | the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature |
| Answer» E. the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature | |
| 605. |
Regarding attachments to the thoracic cage: |
| A. | pectoralis major has slips of origin from the upper 8 costal cartilages |
| B. | the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib |
| C. | rectus abdominus is attached to the anterior surfaces of the 7th to 10th costal cartilages |
| D. | iliocostalis and longissimus, parts of erector spinae, are attached between the heads and tubercles of each rib |
| E. | serratus anterior is attached to the lower 8 ribs |
| Answer» B. the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib | |
| 606. |
In the superior mediastinum: |
| A. | the azygous vein arches under the right main bronchus |
| B. | the right brachiocephalic vein receives the thoracic duct |
| C. | the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves |
| D. | the superficial cardiac plexus contains right and left vagal and sympathetic fibres |
| E. | the superior vena cava receives the azygous vein at the lower border of the right 1st costal cartilage |
| Answer» C. the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves | |
| 607. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the superior vena cava does not fuse with the fibrous pericardium |
| B. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| C. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| D. | the strong sternopericardial ligaments connect fibrous pericardium to upper/lower ends of sternum |
| E. | the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium |
| Answer» E. the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium | |
| 608. |
Regarding the gastrointestinal tract: |
| A. | the oesophagus enters the abdomen at T8 level |
| B. | the right gastric artery is a branch of the splenic artery |
| C. | the hepatopancreatic ampilla opens into the horizontal part of the duodenum |
| D. | the taeniae coli converge at the ileocaecal valve |
| E. | McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus |
| Answer» E. McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus | |
| 609. |
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are: |
| A. | derived from S1, 2, 3, 4 |
| B. | motor to the mm of bladder neck and anal sphincter |
| C. | motor to all the gut |
| D. | secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome |
| E. | sympathetic nerves |
| Answer» D. secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome | |
| 610. |
The anterior third of the serotom is supplied by: |
| A. | ilioinguinal nerve |
| B. | sciatic nerve branches |
| C. | peroneal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
| D. | a branch of the pudendal nerve |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. ilioinguinal nerve | |
| 611. |
The ureters: |
| A. | are 25cm long |
| B. | are crossed anteriorly by gonadal vessels |
| C. | leave the psoas muscle at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery |
| D. | are retroperitoneal |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. all of the above | |
| 612. |
Regarding intercostal blood vessels: |
| A. | in each space there are single anterior and posterior intercostal veins |
| B. | right sided superior intercostal vv drain into the brachiocephalic vein |
| C. | the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery |
| D. | all intercostal vv are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| E. | all this is clinically relevant |
| Answer» C. the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery | |
| 613. |
Regarding blood supply to the heart: |
| A. | the SA nodal artery is more commonly a branch of the left coronary artery |
| B. | 40% of hearts show “left dominance” |
| C. | the marginal and anterior interventricular arteries are the main branches of the left coronary artery |
| D. | the right coronary artery arises from the posterior aortic sinus |
| E. | the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove |
| Answer» E. the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove | |
| 614. |
With respect to the bronchi: |
| A. | the carina lies to the left of the midline |
| B. | the left apicoposterior bronchus of the upper lobe rises highest from the posterior surface of the lung |
| C. | each lung has eight segmental bronchi |
| D. | the left main bronchus is shorter than the right |
| E. | blood supply is via the pulmonary arteries |
| Answer» A. the carina lies to the left of the midline | |
| 615. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | commences at L1 |
| B. | passes through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm (T10) |
| C. | enters the right side of the superior mediastinum |
| D. | does not drain the right arm |
| E. | terminates in the inferior vena cava |
| Answer» D. does not drain the right arm | |
| 616. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmits: |
| A. | azygous vein |
| B. | vagus nerve |
| C. | right phrenic nerve |
| D. | sympathetic trunk |
| E. | thoracic duct |
| Answer» B. vagus nerve | |
| 617. |
Regarding the intercostal space: |
| A. | the neurovascular space lies deep to the transversus group |
| B. | the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs |
| C. | the first intercostal nerve does not supply muscle |
| D. | the lower third intercostal nerves supply the abdominal wall |
| E. | all intercostal arteries are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| Answer» B. the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs | |
| 618. |
The azygous vein: |
| A. | has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen |
| B. | begins as the union of ascending lumbar vein with the subcostal vein on the left side |
| C. | arches over the right pulmonary artery |
| D. | receives veins from the upper third of the oesophagus |
| E. | usually enters the brachiocephalic vein |
| Answer» A. has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen | |
| 619. |
Which doesn’t drain into the cardiac sinus? |
| A. | great cardiac vein |
| B. | anterior cardiac vein |
| C. | small cardiac vein |
| D. | oblique vein of the left atrium |
| E. | posterior vein of the left ventricle |
| Answer» B. anterior cardiac vein | |
| 620. |
The cardiac plexus: |
| A. | has a larger superficial part and a smaller deep part |
| B. | is made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres only |
| C. | receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part |
| D. | the deep part lies to the left of the ligamentum arteriosum |
| E. | has preganglionic sympathetic fibres |
| Answer» C. receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part | |
| 621. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| B. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| C. | the fibrous pericardium is fused with the IVC |
| D. | the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve |
| E. | strong sternopericardial ligaments connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum |
| Answer» D. the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve | |
| 622. |
Which muscle is not used in inspiration? |
| A. | erector spinae |
| B. | quadratus lumborum |
| C. | latissimus dorsi |
| D. | transversus thoracis |
| E. | pectoralis major |
| Answer» D. transversus thoracis | |
| 623. |
Which is not found in the posterior mediastinum? |
| A. | descending thoracic aorta |
| B. | thoracic duct |
| C. | phrenic nerves |
| D. | azygous vein |
| E. | lymph nodes |
| Answer» C. phrenic nerves | |
| 624. |
Regarding the phrenic nerves: |
| A. | pass behind anterior scalene muscle |
| B. | the right nerve pierces the muscular part of the diaphragm |
| C. | they are always in contact with pleura laterally |
| D. | run in mediastinum behind the lung root |
| E. | split into four main branches – anterior, posterior, medial and lateral |
| Answer» C. they are always in contact with pleura laterally | |
| 625. |
The vagus nerve: |
| A. | the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea |
| B. | passes in front of the lung root |
| C. | the right recurrent laryngeal branch hooks around the right subclavian artery |
| D. | passes through the vena caval forearm |
| E. | the right vagus nerve supplies branches to the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» A. the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea | |
| 626. |
Regarding the heart valves: |
| A. | the aortic valve usually has two semilunar cusps |
| B. | the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage |
| C. | they do not contain elastic fibres |
| D. | the tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior and medial cusps |
| E. | the mitral valve cusps are bigger and thinner than those of the tricuspid valve |
| Answer» B. the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage | |
| 627. |
With regard to intercostal spaces: |
| A. | the neurovascular bundle runs in the plane between external intercostal and internal intercostalnmuscles |
| B. | neurovascular structures lie in the order of nerve, artery, vein from above downwards |
| C. | the upper two spaces are supplied by the supreme intercostal artery |
| D. | the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space |
| E. | the collateral branch of the intercostal nerve supplies skin over the space |
| Answer» D. the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space | |
| 628. |
Which is NOT USUALLY supplied by the left coronary artery? |
| A. | conus artery |
| B. | circumflex artery |
| C. | anterior interventricular artery |
| D. | anterior fibres of left bundle |
| E. | posterior fibres of left bundle |
| Answer» E. posterior fibres of left bundle | |
| 629. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the pleura? |
| A. | right and left pleura meet each other in midline anteriorly at level of the sternal angle |
| B. | both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib |
| C. | both cross the midaxillary line at the 10th rib |
| D. | both cross the 12th rib at the lateral border of erector spinae |
| E. | both pass under the 12th costovertebral angle |
| Answer» B. both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib | |
| 630. |
Which of the following bronchi is called the epartenol bronchus? |
| A. | left superior bronchus |
| B. | left inferior bronchus |
| C. | right superior bronchus |
| D. | right middle bronchus |
| E. | right inferior bronchus |
| Answer» C. right superior bronchus | |
| 631. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | is always related to the right side of the aorta |
| B. | receives no lymph drainage from the neck |
| C. | terminates in the superior vena cava |
| D. | may have two or three branches at its termination |
| E. | is entirely thoracic throughout its course |
| Answer» D. may have two or three branches at its termination | |
| 632. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the lungs or fissures? |
| A. | hilum of each lung lies level with 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae |
| B. | lower border of the lungs lie two ribs higher than the pleural reflection |
| C. | the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures |
| D. | horizontal fissure runs from the right 4th costal cartilage horizontally to mid-axillary line |
| E. | anteromedial border of the left lung in the 5th intercostal space lies at the apex of the heart |
| Answer» C. the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures | |
| 633. |
Regarding the diaphragm: |
| A. | it is active in both inspiration and expiration |
| B. | the aorta is transmitted through an opening in the left crus |
| C. | the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space |
| D. | the phrenic nerve branches run medially on its thoracic surface |
| E. | it receives its blood supply entirely from lower intercostal and subcostal arteries |
| Answer» C. the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space | |
| 634. |
With respect to the sensory innervation of the visceral pericardium, which of the following nerves predominantly provides sensory fibres? |
| A. | left vagus |
| B. | left phrenic |
| C. | left 4th intercostal |
| D. | all of the above |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 635. |
The oesophagus is constricted at the following sites: |
| A. | where it is crossed by right main bronchus |
| B. | where it is crossed by the azygous vein |
| C. | where it is crossed by the left subclavian artery |
| D. | where it is crossed by the thoracic duct |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 636. |
The sino-atrial node is situated: |
| A. | on the right of the opening of the inferior vena cava |
| B. | within the interatrial septum |
| C. | at the opening of the coronary sinus |
| D. | just above the crista terminalis |
| E. | around the lower superior vena cava |
| Answer» D. just above the crista terminalis | |
| 637. |
A surface landmark which constitutes a guide to the gastro-oesophageal orifice is the: |
| A. | 7th left costal cartilage |
| B. | left linea semilunaris |
| C. | tip of the 9th left costal cartilage |
| D. | left nipple |
| E. | level of the 11th thoracic vertebra |
| Answer» A. 7th left costal cartilage | |
| 638. |
Which does NOT form part of the left border of the cardiovascular silhouette on chest x-ray? |
| A. | the arch of the aorta |
| B. | the pulmonary trunk |
| C. | the left atrium |
| D. | the left auricle |
| E. | the left ventricle |
| Answer» C. the left atrium | |
| 639. |
During expiration, the right diaphragm rises to: |
| A. | 4th intercostal space |
| B. | 5th intercostal space |
| C. | 6th intercostal space |
| D. | a level slightly lower than the left diaphragm |
| E. | the same height as the central tendon |
| Answer» A. 4th intercostal space | |
| 640. |
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to the ligamentum ateriosum? |
| A. | it arises from the commencement of the left pulmonary artery |
| B. | it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery |
| C. | the superficial part of the cardiac plexus lies anterior to it |
| D. | the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around it |
| E. | the deep cardiac plexus lies to its right |
| Answer» B. it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery | |
| 641. |
Landmarks of the trachea are: |
| A. | thyroid cartilage to sternal notch |
| B. | hyoid bone to sternal angle – |
| C. | cricoid cartilage to sternal angle |
| D. | thyroid cartilage to sternal angle |
| E. | cricoid cartilage to sternal notch |
| Answer» C. cricoid cartilage to sternal angle | |
| 642. |
The oesophagus: |
| A. | is supported inferiorly by a sling of fibres from the left crus of the diaphragm |
| B. | has its narrowest part at the opening of the diaphragm |
| C. | has a blood supply from inferior thyroid arteries, oesophageal branches of aorta and branches of left gastric artery |
| D. | has no contact with thoracic vertebrae |
| E. | is crossed on the right by the arch of the aorta and azygous vein |
| Answer» C. has a blood supply from inferior thyroid arteries, oesophageal branches of aorta and branches of left gastric artery | |
| 643. |
Regarding the phrenic nerves, all of the following are true, EXCEPT: |
| A. | each nerve provides motor supply to own half of diaphragm, left phrenic also supply half of right crus |
| B. | the phrenic nerve is supplied by its own pericardiophrenic artery which accompanies it |
| C. | the right phrenic nerve is in contact with venous structures throughout its course |
| D. | the left phrenic nerve passes to the inferior surface of diaphragm through muscle |
| E. | arising mainly from C4 in the neck, the nerve passes behind the anterior scalene |
| Answer» E. arising mainly from C4 in the neck, the nerve passes behind the anterior scalene | |
| 644. |
Which of the following do not penetrate the diaphragm? |
| A. | aorta |
| B. | inferior vena cava |
| C. | left phrenic nerve |
| D. | right phrenic nerve |
| E. | oesophagus |
| Answer» A. aorta | |
| 645. |
With regard to the thorax: |
| A. | pus behind the prevertebral fascia can gravitate to the posterior mediastinum |
| B. | mediastinal tumours tend to project more into the left hilum than the right |
| C. | pretracheal fascia blends with the pericardium anteriorly |
| D. | pus from the cervical tracheal region may gravitate to the middle mediastinum |
| E. | the arch of the aorta lies in the middle mediastinum |
| Answer» C. pretracheal fascia blends with the pericardium anteriorly | |
| 646. |
The oesophagus: |
| A. | contains smooth muscle in its upper third |
| B. | lies posterior to the left atrium |
| C. | is partly innervated by the phrenic nerve |
| D. | passes through the central tendon at the level of T10 vertebrae |
| E. | has no connective tissue attaching to the aorta |
| Answer» B. lies posterior to the left atrium | |
| 647. |
With regard to the thoracic wall: |
| A. | the intercostal vessels and nerves run between the external and internal intercostal muscles |
| B. | all intercostal nerves have anterior and lateral cutaneous branches |
| C. | the internal intercostals assist inspiration |
| D. | both the manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints are synovial with discs |
| E. | the upper ribs have ‘pump-handle’ movement NOT ‘bucket handle’ movement |
| Answer» E. the upper ribs have ‘pump-handle’ movement NOT ‘bucket handle’ movement | |
| 648. |
Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is NOT true? |
| A. | the oesophageal opening is at the T10 level |
| B. | the aortic opening may also contain the azygous vein and thoracic duct |
| C. | the right dome is higher than the left |
| D. | the blood supply is from the pericardiophrenic artery |
| E. | the vena caval opening is at T8 |
| Answer» D. the blood supply is from the pericardiophrenic artery | |
| 649. |
With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the thorax and abdomen: |
| A. | above the 2nd rib, the skin is supplied by the cervical plexus (C4) |
| B. | loss of a single spinal segment will produce a sensory deficit |
| C. | it is supplied segmentally by the anterior primary rami of T1 to L1 |
| D. | T8 supplies skin at the level of the umbilicus |
| E. | the lower eight thoracic nerves pass beyond the costal margin to supply the skin of the abdominal wall |
| Answer» A. above the 2nd rib, the skin is supplied by the cervical plexus (C4) | |
| 650. |
With regard to the diaphragm, which is NOT true? |
| A. | in full expiration, the right dome ascends to the level of the nipple |
| B. | the central tendon lies at the level of the xiphisternal joint |
| C. | the longest fibres arise from the 9th costal cartilage |
| D. | the branches of the phrenic nerves run over the thoracic surface radially |
| E. | it is pierced by inferior vena cava at T8 level and by oesophagus at T10 level |
| Answer» D. the branches of the phrenic nerves run over the thoracic surface radially | |
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