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101. |
Marx called the distinctive method for the analysis of the historical development of society as |
A. | Conflict approach |
B. | Neo-Marxist theories |
C. | Historical materialism |
D. | Dialectical materialism |
Answer» C. Historical materialism |
102. |
The Communist Manifesto was written in the year |
A. | 1848 |
B. | 1838 |
C. | 1845 |
D. | 1854 |
Answer» A. 1848 |
103. |
Das Kapital was written by |
A. | Georg Simmel |
B. | Max Weber |
C. | Emile Durkheim |
D. | Karl Marx |
Answer» D. Karl Marx |
104. |
Das Kapital was written in the year |
A. | 1876 |
B. | 1786 |
C. | 1867 |
D. | 1875 |
Answer» C. 1867 |
105. |
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was written by |
A. | Auguste Comte |
B. | Karl Marx |
C. | Max Weber |
D. | George Simmel |
Answer» B. Karl Marx |
106. |
---- had a dominant intellectual influence on Karl Marx |
A. | Auguste Comte |
B. | Hegel |
C. | Max Weber |
D. | George Simmel |
Answer» B. Hegel |
107. |
A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy is authored by |
A. | Herbert Spencer |
B. | Lewis Coser |
C. | Karl Marx |
D. | Max Weber |
Answer» C. Karl Marx |
108. |
----- is the amount of socially necessary labour time needed to produce an article under the normal conditions of production and with the average degree of skill and intensity of the time. |
A. | Use value |
B. | Surplus value |
C. | Labour theory of value |
D. | Exchange value |
Answer» C. Labour theory of value |
109. |
In Marxist theory, the working class is called |
A. | The proletariat |
B. | Bourgeoisie |
C. | Capitalists |
D. | Leftists |
Answer» A. The proletariat |
110. |
According to Karl Marx the present state will |
A. | Continue for long |
B. | Will wither away |
C. | Deliver goods with the passage of time |
D. | Slowly benefit the workers |
Answer» B. Will wither away |
111. |
Marx’s focus on real, existing contradictions led to a particular method for studying social phenomena called |
A. | Dialectical method |
B. | Economic determinism |
C. | Causality |
D. | Class conflict |
Answer» A. Dialectical method |
112. |
The theoretical foundation of Marxism is known as |
A. | Dialectical materialism |
B. | Historical materialism |
C. | Class struggle |
D. | Class consciousness |
Answer» A. Dialectical materialism |
113. |
According to Karl Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of |
A. | Economic determinism |
B. | Exploitation |
C. | Class struggles |
D. | Alienation |
Answer» C. Class struggles |
114. |
According to Marx, the capacity to do a useful work that increases the value of the products is called |
A. | Surplus value |
B. | Labour value |
C. | Labour power |
D. | Exploitation |
Answer» C. Labour power |
115. |
According to Marx, under capitalist mode of production, the surplus takes the form of |
A. | Loss |
B. | Profit |
C. | Product |
D. | Relations |
Answer» B. Profit |
116. |
How many modes of production have been identified by Karl Marx during his study of societies? |
A. | Four |
B. | Three |
C. | Five |
D. | Two |
Answer» A. Four |
117. |
The mode of production existed in primitive communities in which ownership of land was communal is known as |
A. | Ancient mode of production |
B. | Capitalist mode of production |
C. | Feudal mode of production |
D. | Asiatic mode of production |
Answer» D. Asiatic mode of production |
118. |
The mode of production characterised by the emergence of private property is --- |
A. | Ancient mode of production |
B. | Capitalist mode of production |
C. | Feudal mode of production |
D. | Asiatic mode of production |
Answer» A. Ancient mode of production |
119. |
The relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat) is called |
A. | Forces of production |
B. | Relations of production |
C. | Means of production |
D. | Exploitation |
Answer» B. Relations of production |
120. |
According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between |
A. | Means of production and surplus value |
B. | Means of production and mode of production |
C. | Mode of production and relations of production |
D. | Means of production and relations of production |
Answer» C. Mode of production and relations of production |
121. |
The system in which the capitalists own the means of production is |
A. | Socialism |
B. | Capitalism |
C. | Feudalism |
D. | Communism |
Answer» B. Capitalism |
122. |
A system in which the workers sell their labour power for wage is known as |
A. | Socialism |
B. | Capitalism |
C. | Feudalism |
D. | Communism |
Answer» B. Capitalism |
123. |
‘Goods are produced for sale rather than own use’ is a remarkable characteristic of |
A. | Feudal societies |
B. | Capitalist societies |
C. | Ancient societies |
D. | Primitive societies |
Answer» B. Capitalist societies |
124. |
The concept of alienation is developed by |
A. | Karl Marx |
B. | Max Weber |
C. | Herbert Spencer |
D. | Auguste Comte |
Answer» A. Karl Marx |
125. |
The process by which a commodity takes on an independent, almost mystical external reality is known as |
A. | External value |
B. | Surplus value |
C. | Fetishism of commodities |
D. | Labour value |
Answer» C. Fetishism of commodities |
126. |
Workers who sell their labour and do not own their own means of production are |
A. | Bourgeoisie |
B. | Proletariat |
C. | Middle men |
D. | Slaves |
Answer» B. Proletariat |
127. |
The division of class in a capitalist society is based on |
A. | The ownership of property |
B. | The changes in relations |
C. | The production of commodities |
D. | The surplus value |
Answer» A. The ownership of property |
128. |
In a feudal society, feudal lords exploit ------- |
A. | Slaves |
B. | Proletariats |
C. | Bourgeoisie |
D. | Serfs |
Answer» D. Serfs |
129. |
In a capitalist society, Bourgeoisie exploit --- |
A. | Slaves |
B. | Proletariats |
C. | Lords |
D. | Serfs |
Answer» B. Proletariats |
130. |
In capitalism who owns and controls the capital? |
A. | Slaves |
B. | Proletariats |
C. | Bourgeoisie |
D. | Serfs |
Answer» C. Bourgeoisie |
131. |
------ posits the idea that every economic order grows to a state of maximum efficiency, while at the same time developing internal contradictions/ weaknesses that contribute to its decay |
A. | Historical materialism |
B. | Dialectical materialism |
C. | Economic determinism |
D. | Historical determinism |
Answer» B. Dialectical materialism |
132. |
In feudalism, the oppressors are known as |
A. | Bourgeoisie |
B. | Capitalists |
C. | Serfs |
D. | Feudal lords |
Answer» D. Feudal lords |
133. |
The term used to describe Marx’s main theoretical perspective for understanding society and history |
A. | Historical materialism |
B. | Dialectical materialism |
C. | Economic determinism |
D. | Historical determinism |
Answer» A. Historical materialism |
134. |
According to Marx, anything in the external world that is used to produce material needs and maintain existence is termed as |
A. | Mode of production |
B. | Forces of production |
C. | Relations of production |
D. | Means of production |
Answer» D. Means of production |
135. |
Marx denotes land, animals, tools, machinery etc are examples for the |
A. | Mode of production |
B. | Forces of production |
C. | Means of production |
D. | Relations of production |
Answer» C. Means of production |
136. |
In Marx’s view, the factor that binds one class to another is |
A. | Mode of production |
B. | Forces of production |
C. | Means of production |
D. | Relations of production |
Answer» D. Relations of production |
137. |
The single most fundamental fact of the materialist theory of history is |
A. | Control over the history of production |
B. | The ownership over the means of production |
C. | Ownership over the relations of production |
D. | Distribution of the forces of production |
Answer» B. The ownership over the means of production |
138. |
In Marx’s view, the forces of production along with the relations of production define --- |
A. | Mode of production |
B. | Means of production |
C. | Surplus value |
D. | Labour value |
Answer» A. Mode of production |
139. |
In an economic system, the ------------ has the ability to determine the system of social relations arising from it |
A. | Mode of production |
B. | Forces of production |
C. | Means of production |
D. | Relations of production |
Answer» A. Mode of production |
140. |
The mode of production that encompasses a rudimentary system of production in which people live together principally by hunting and gathering was |
A. | Feudal mode of production |
B. | Ancient mode of production |
C. | Capitalism |
D. | Asiatic mode of production |
Answer» D. Asiatic mode of production |
141. |
Of the four types of mode of production identified by Karl Marx, which one had a communal ownership over the property with no system of class relations? |
A. | Feudal mode of production |
B. | Asiatic mode of production |
C. | Ancient mode of production |
D. | Capitalism |
Answer» B. Asiatic mode of production |
142. |
In a system of ancient mode of production the ‘oppressed’ were |
A. | Slaves |
B. | Landlords |
C. | Peasants |
D. | Tenants |
Answer» A. Slaves |
143. |
The feudal mode of production provided landholders with the powers of coercion over the class of |
A. | Proletariats |
B. | Bourgeoisie |
C. | Serfs |
D. | Capitals |
Answer» C. Serfs |
144. |
A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy was written in the year |
A. | 1857 |
B. | 1856 |
C. | 1869 |
D. | 1859 |
Answer» D. 1859 |
145. |
According to Marx, a thing whose qualities are capable of satisfying human needs is known as |
A. | Capital |
B. | Subject |
C. | Commodity |
D. | Surplus |
Answer» C. Commodity |
146. |
Marx called the quality of a commodity to serve a particular human need or function as |
A. | Exchange value |
B. | Use value |
C. | Surplus value |
D. | Labour value |
Answer» B. Use value |
147. |
According to Marx. Exchange value is found only in |
A. | Socialism |
B. | Capitalism |
C. | Feudalism |
D. | Communism |
Answer» B. Capitalism |
148. |
Marx called the capacity of human labour to bring about utility in a commodity and produce simple use values as |
A. | Useful labour |
B. | Abstract labour |
C. | Distinct labour |
D. | Definite labour |
Answer» A. Useful labour |
149. |
Marx stated that the products of useful labour assumes the form of commodities only in |
A. | Feudalistic societies |
B. | Ancient societies |
C. | Agricultural societies |
D. | Capitalist societies |
Answer» D. Capitalist societies |
150. |
According to Marx, exploitation takes the form of surplus value in |
A. | Feudalistic societies |
B. | Capitalist societies |
C. | Ancient societies |
D. | Agricultural societies |
Answer» B. Capitalist societies |
151. |
The name Marx gave to the process whereby the means of production become the private property of one class of persons and create the ‘pauperization of the direct producer’ |
A. | Commoditization |
B. | Surplus value |
C. | Primitive accumulation |
D. | Division of labour |
Answer» C. Primitive accumulation |
152. |
According to Marx, ------- breaks the fundamental connections human beings have to the means of production in terms of economic subsistence and survival |
A. | Alienation |
B. | Commoditization |
C. | Production activity |
D. | Exchange of goods |
Answer» A. Alienation |
153. |
According to Marx, when workers become estranged from the things they produce, it is called |
A. | Alienation from the product activity |
B. | Alienation from the product |
C. | Alienation from the species |
D. | Alienation from fellow-beings |
Answer» B. Alienation from the product |
154. |
The type of alienation in which human beings lose control over the capacity of their labour to affirm their being and define their self-existence is |
A. | Alienation from the product activity |
B. | Alienation from the product |
C. | Alienation from the self |
D. | Alienation from fellow-beings |
Answer» A. Alienation from the product activity |
155. |
When a person is alienated from the human social community, it is called |
A. | Alienation from the product activity |
B. | Alienation from the product |
C. | Alienation from the species |
D. | Alienation from fellow humans. |
Answer» D. Alienation from fellow humans. |
156. |
The term used by Durkheim to identify a system of social relations linking individuals to each other and to the society as a whole is |
A. | Acculturation |
B. | Association |
C. | Social solidarity |
D. | Social facts |
Answer» C. Social solidarity |
157. |
For Durkheim ------- describes the degree of social integration which links individuals to social groups outside them. |
A. | Acculturation |
B. | Association |
C. | Social solidarity |
D. | Social facts |
Answer» C. Social solidarity |
158. |
The type of social bonding that discourages individual autonomy in a society is termed as |
A. | Mechanical solidarity |
B. | Organic solidarity |
C. | Homogenous solidarity |
D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
Answer» A. Mechanical solidarity |
159. |
When a society is with a homogeneous population which is small and isolated, it is characterised by the existence of |
A. | Mechanical solidarity |
B. | Organic solidarity |
C. | Homogenous solidarity |
D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
Answer» A. Mechanical solidarity |
160. |
In a society where labour is specialized and individuals are linked more to each other than they are to society as a whole, it is characterised by |
A. | Mechanical solidarity |
B. | Organic solidarity |
C. | Homogenous solidarity |
D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
Answer» B. Organic solidarity |
161. |
According to Durkheim, the primary characteristic of organic solidarity is the development of |
A. | Social facts |
B. | Suicide |
C. | Division of labour |
D. | Forced labour |
Answer» C. Division of labour |
162. |
According to Durkheim, when an industrial crisis breaks down the social solidarity existing between specialized functions and creates a decline in social cohesion, it is called |
A. | The forced division of labour |
B. | Poor division of labour |
C. | Abnormal division of labour |
D. | Anomic division of labour |
Answer» D. Anomic division of labour |
163. |
According to Durkheim, ----- are external to the individual |
A. | Social facts |
B. | Social solidarity |
C. | Social justice |
D. | Social sanction |
Answer» A. Social facts |
164. |
Durkheim maintained that in order to study social facts, it should be considered as |
A. | Abstracts |
B. | Things |
C. | Facts |
D. | Pathological |
Answer» B. Things |
165. |
According to Durkheim, the study of the form and structure of societies and its classification based on attributes can be called as |
A. | Social pathology |
B. | Social phenomenology |
C. | Social morphology |
D. | Social psychology |
Answer» C. Social morphology |
166. |
--------------- is the result of the weakening of the bonds which tie the individual to the society |
A. | Anomic suicide |
B. | Fatalistic suicide |
C. | Egoistic suicide |
D. | Altruistic suicide |
Answer» C. Egoistic suicide |
167. |
They type of suicide resulting from too much social integration is known as |
A. | Anomic suicide |
B. | Fatalistic suicide |
C. | Egoistic suicide |
D. | Altruistic suicide |
Answer» D. Altruistic suicide |
168. |
The suicide of older men threatened with severe illness is an example for |
A. | Altruistic suicide |
B. | Anomic suicide |
C. | Fatalistic suicide |
D. | Egoistic suicide |
Answer» A. Altruistic suicide |
169. |
----------- is at the opposite pole of social integration to altruistic suicide |
A. | Altruistic suicide |
B. | Anomic suicide |
C. | Fatalistic suicide |
D. | Egoistic suicide |
Answer» D. Egoistic suicide |
170. |
The type of altruistic suicide in which society imposes an explicit duty on individuals to take their own life but lacking specific coercive pressure from the community is known as |
A. | Optional altruistic suicide |
B. | Obligatory altruistic suicide |
C. | Acute altruistic suicide |
D. | Mystic altruistic suicide |
Answer» B. Obligatory altruistic suicide |
171. |
The type of suicide occurring due to excess of social regulation is called |
A. | Altruistic suicide |
B. | Anomic suicide |
C. | Fatalistic suicide |
D. | Egoistic suicide |
Answer» C. Fatalistic suicide |
172. |
The doctrine that holds the view that historical circumstances are determined by a sequence of economic events connected to the act of production is known as |
A. | Historical materialism |
B. | Rationalization |
C. | Economic determinism |
D. | Economic materialism |
Answer» C. Economic determinism |
173. |
Weber placed ----------- as the key to understand the pattern of historical development |
A. | Power |
B. | Ideal types |
C. | Bureaucracy |
D. | Rationalization |
Answer» D. Rationalization |
174. |
According to Weber, the process by which nature, society and individual actions are increasingly mastered by an orientation to planning, technical procedure and rational action is called |
A. | Rationalization |
B. | Rationality |
C. | Social causation |
D. | Individual autonomy |
Answer» A. Rationalization |
175. |
The term Weber used to refer to the capacity of social action to be subject to calculation in the means and ends of action is |
A. | Rationalization |
B. | Rationality |
C. | Social causation |
D. | Calculation |
Answer» B. Rationality |
176. |
According to Weber, the amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision is called |
A. | Practical rationality |
B. | Theoretical rationality |
C. | Formal rationality |
D. | Substantive rationality |
Answer» C. Formal rationality |
177. |
Weber refers practical rationality as |
A. | The amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision. |
B. | A way of looking at the world in which the meaning of an act is believed to lie in its function or utility. |
C. | The one that imposes order on reality by conceptual reasoning |
D. | A practical orientation of action regarding outcomes or results. |
Answer» B. A way of looking at the world in which the meaning of an act is believed to lie in its function or utility. |
178. |
Which perspective advocated society as a system with balance and boundaries? |
A. | Structuralism |
B. | Functionalism |
C. | Interactionism |
D. | Conflict perspective |
Answer» B. Functionalism |
179. |
Weber’s theory of social class appears in his work |
A. | The Sociology of Religion |
B. | The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |
C. | The Capitalist society |
D. | Economy and Society |
Answer» D. Economy and Society |
180. |
August Comte defined sociology as a |
A. | Comparative science |
B. | Historical method |
C. | Positive science |
D. | General Science |
Answer» C. Positive science |
181. |
Evolutionary theory is often regarded as the greatest contribution of British Sociologist |
A. | Herbert Spencer |
B. | Auguste Comte |
C. | Karl Marx |
D. | Emile Durkheim |
Answer» A. Herbert Spencer |
182. |
The building blocks of a theory is called |
A. | Definitions |
B. | Concepts |
C. | Propositions |
D. | Variables |
Answer» B. Concepts |
183. |
Conclusions drawn about the relationship among concepts based on the logical interrelationship is called |
A. | Definitions |
B. | Concepts |
C. | Propositions |
D. | Variables |
Answer» C. Propositions |
184. |
Specified expectations about empirical reality derived from propositions are called |
A. | Definitions |
B. | Propositions |
C. | Variables |
D. | Hypotheses |
Answer» D. Hypotheses |
185. |
A concept having two or more values or categories that can vary and be measured is known as |
A. | Definitions |
B. | Concepts |
C. | Propositions |
D. | Variables |
Answer» D. Variables |
186. |
The theoretical perspective that holds that society is a complex system whose various parts work together to produce stability is |
A. | Structuralism |
B. | Functionalism |
C. | Conflict perspective |
D. | Interactionism |
Answer» B. Functionalism |
187. |
A prominent exponent of functionalism in the United States |
A. | Karl Marx |
B. | Durkheim |
C. | Talcott Parsons |
D. | Wilfredo Pareto |
Answer» C. Talcott Parsons |
188. |
The concept of ‘dysfunction’ is a major contribution of |
A. | Durkheim |
B. | Robert K Merton |
C. | Talcott Parsons |
D. | Wilfredo Pareto |
Answer» B. Robert K Merton |
189. |
The theoretical perspective that emphasises the importance of moral consensus in maintaining order and stability in a system is called |
A. | Structuralism |
B. | Functionalism |
C. | Conflict perspective |
D. | Interactionism |
Answer» B. Functionalism |
190. |
What are manifest functions? |
A. | Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action |
B. | Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action |
C. | Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action |
D. | Recognised and intended consequences of a social action |
Answer» D. Recognised and intended consequences of a social action |
191. |
Robert K Merton is a |
A. | Structuralist |
B. | Structural-Functionalist |
C. | Conflict theorist |
D. | Interactionist |
Answer» B. Structural-Functionalist |
192. |
Middle-range theories is a great contribution by |
A. | Robert K Merton |
B. | Talcott Parson |
C. | Ralph Dahrendorf |
D. | Wright Mills |
Answer» A. Robert K Merton |
193. |
The evolutionary perspective holds the idea that |
A. | The social system is in a state of equilibrium |
B. | Change in one part of a system affects other parts |
C. | Societies gradually change from simple to complex systems |
D. | The social system consists of interrelated parts |
Answer» C. Societies gradually change from simple to complex systems |
194. |
Auguste Comte believed that human societies can evolve only in a |
A. | Stagnant state |
B. | Polylinear way |
C. | Multi-linear way |
D. | Uni-linear way |
Answer» D. Uni-linear way |
195. |
Latent functions are always |
A. | Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action |
B. | Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action |
C. | Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action |
D. | Recognised and intended consequences of a social action |
Answer» C. Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action |
196. |
The study of everyday behaviour in situations of face to face interaction is usually called |
A. | Microsociology |
B. | Public sociology |
C. | Macrosociology |
D. | Political sociology |
Answer» A. Microsociology |
197. |
Theories that deal with the analysis of large-scale social structures and long-term processes of change is called |
A. | Micro level theories |
B. | Macro level theories |
C. | Middle-range theories |
D. | Symbolic interactionism |
Answer» B. Macro level theories |
198. |
Levi-Strauss is a prominent |
A. | Functionalist |
B. | Interactionist |
C. | Structural- functionalist |
D. | Structuralist |
Answer» D. Structuralist |
199. |
Who introduced the term sociological imagination? |
A. | Lewis Coser |
B. | C H Cooley |
C. | C Wright Mills |
D. | Max Weber |
Answer» C. C Wright Mills |
200. |
The Sociological paradigm that focuses on the way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole is called |
A. | Structuralism |
B. | Structural-functionalism |
C. | Conflict theory |
D. | Symbolic interactionism |
Answer» B. Structural-functionalism |
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