McqMate
| 101. |
Marx called the distinctive method for the analysis of the historical development of society as |
| A. | Conflict approach |
| B. | Neo-Marxist theories |
| C. | Historical materialism |
| D. | Dialectical materialism |
| Answer» C. Historical materialism | |
| 102. |
The Communist Manifesto was written in the year |
| A. | 1848 |
| B. | 1838 |
| C. | 1845 |
| D. | 1854 |
| Answer» A. 1848 | |
| 103. |
Das Kapital was written by |
| A. | Georg Simmel |
| B. | Max Weber |
| C. | Emile Durkheim |
| D. | Karl Marx |
| Answer» D. Karl Marx | |
| 104. |
Das Kapital was written in the year |
| A. | 1876 |
| B. | 1786 |
| C. | 1867 |
| D. | 1875 |
| Answer» C. 1867 | |
| 105. |
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was written by |
| A. | Auguste Comte |
| B. | Karl Marx |
| C. | Max Weber |
| D. | George Simmel |
| Answer» B. Karl Marx | |
| 106. |
---- had a dominant intellectual influence on Karl Marx |
| A. | Auguste Comte |
| B. | Hegel |
| C. | Max Weber |
| D. | George Simmel |
| Answer» B. Hegel | |
| 107. |
A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy is authored by |
| A. | Herbert Spencer |
| B. | Lewis Coser |
| C. | Karl Marx |
| D. | Max Weber |
| Answer» C. Karl Marx | |
| 108. |
----- is the amount of socially necessary labour time needed to produce an article under the normal conditions of production and with the average degree of skill and intensity of the time. |
| A. | Use value |
| B. | Surplus value |
| C. | Labour theory of value |
| D. | Exchange value |
| Answer» C. Labour theory of value | |
| 109. |
In Marxist theory, the working class is called |
| A. | The proletariat |
| B. | Bourgeoisie |
| C. | Capitalists |
| D. | Leftists |
| Answer» A. The proletariat | |
| 110. |
According to Karl Marx the present state will |
| A. | Continue for long |
| B. | Will wither away |
| C. | Deliver goods with the passage of time |
| D. | Slowly benefit the workers |
| Answer» B. Will wither away | |
| 111. |
Marx’s focus on real, existing contradictions led to a particular method for studying social phenomena called |
| A. | Dialectical method |
| B. | Economic determinism |
| C. | Causality |
| D. | Class conflict |
| Answer» A. Dialectical method | |
| 112. |
The theoretical foundation of Marxism is known as |
| A. | Dialectical materialism |
| B. | Historical materialism |
| C. | Class struggle |
| D. | Class consciousness |
| Answer» A. Dialectical materialism | |
| 113. |
According to Karl Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of |
| A. | Economic determinism |
| B. | Exploitation |
| C. | Class struggles |
| D. | Alienation |
| Answer» C. Class struggles | |
| 114. |
According to Marx, the capacity to do a useful work that increases the value of the products is called |
| A. | Surplus value |
| B. | Labour value |
| C. | Labour power |
| D. | Exploitation |
| Answer» C. Labour power | |
| 115. |
According to Marx, under capitalist mode of production, the surplus takes the form of |
| A. | Loss |
| B. | Profit |
| C. | Product |
| D. | Relations |
| Answer» B. Profit | |
| 116. |
How many modes of production have been identified by Karl Marx during his study of societies? |
| A. | Four |
| B. | Three |
| C. | Five |
| D. | Two |
| Answer» A. Four | |
| 117. |
The mode of production existed in primitive communities in which ownership of land was communal is known as |
| A. | Ancient mode of production |
| B. | Capitalist mode of production |
| C. | Feudal mode of production |
| D. | Asiatic mode of production |
| Answer» D. Asiatic mode of production | |
| 118. |
The mode of production characterised by the emergence of private property is --- |
| A. | Ancient mode of production |
| B. | Capitalist mode of production |
| C. | Feudal mode of production |
| D. | Asiatic mode of production |
| Answer» A. Ancient mode of production | |
| 119. |
The relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat) is called |
| A. | Forces of production |
| B. | Relations of production |
| C. | Means of production |
| D. | Exploitation |
| Answer» B. Relations of production | |
| 120. |
According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between |
| A. | Means of production and surplus value |
| B. | Means of production and mode of production |
| C. | Mode of production and relations of production |
| D. | Means of production and relations of production |
| Answer» C. Mode of production and relations of production | |
| 121. |
The system in which the capitalists own the means of production is |
| A. | Socialism |
| B. | Capitalism |
| C. | Feudalism |
| D. | Communism |
| Answer» B. Capitalism | |
| 122. |
A system in which the workers sell their labour power for wage is known as |
| A. | Socialism |
| B. | Capitalism |
| C. | Feudalism |
| D. | Communism |
| Answer» B. Capitalism | |
| 123. |
‘Goods are produced for sale rather than own use’ is a remarkable characteristic of |
| A. | Feudal societies |
| B. | Capitalist societies |
| C. | Ancient societies |
| D. | Primitive societies |
| Answer» B. Capitalist societies | |
| 124. |
The concept of alienation is developed by |
| A. | Karl Marx |
| B. | Max Weber |
| C. | Herbert Spencer |
| D. | Auguste Comte |
| Answer» A. Karl Marx | |
| 125. |
The process by which a commodity takes on an independent, almost mystical external reality is known as |
| A. | External value |
| B. | Surplus value |
| C. | Fetishism of commodities |
| D. | Labour value |
| Answer» C. Fetishism of commodities | |
| 126. |
Workers who sell their labour and do not own their own means of production are |
| A. | Bourgeoisie |
| B. | Proletariat |
| C. | Middle men |
| D. | Slaves |
| Answer» B. Proletariat | |
| 127. |
The division of class in a capitalist society is based on |
| A. | The ownership of property |
| B. | The changes in relations |
| C. | The production of commodities |
| D. | The surplus value |
| Answer» A. The ownership of property | |
| 128. |
In a feudal society, feudal lords exploit ------- |
| A. | Slaves |
| B. | Proletariats |
| C. | Bourgeoisie |
| D. | Serfs |
| Answer» D. Serfs | |
| 129. |
In a capitalist society, Bourgeoisie exploit --- |
| A. | Slaves |
| B. | Proletariats |
| C. | Lords |
| D. | Serfs |
| Answer» B. Proletariats | |
| 130. |
In capitalism who owns and controls the capital? |
| A. | Slaves |
| B. | Proletariats |
| C. | Bourgeoisie |
| D. | Serfs |
| Answer» C. Bourgeoisie | |
| 131. |
------ posits the idea that every economic order grows to a state of maximum efficiency, while at the same time developing internal contradictions/ weaknesses that contribute to its decay |
| A. | Historical materialism |
| B. | Dialectical materialism |
| C. | Economic determinism |
| D. | Historical determinism |
| Answer» B. Dialectical materialism | |
| 132. |
In feudalism, the oppressors are known as |
| A. | Bourgeoisie |
| B. | Capitalists |
| C. | Serfs |
| D. | Feudal lords |
| Answer» D. Feudal lords | |
| 133. |
The term used to describe Marx’s main theoretical perspective for understanding society and history |
| A. | Historical materialism |
| B. | Dialectical materialism |
| C. | Economic determinism |
| D. | Historical determinism |
| Answer» A. Historical materialism | |
| 134. |
According to Marx, anything in the external world that is used to produce material needs and maintain existence is termed as |
| A. | Mode of production |
| B. | Forces of production |
| C. | Relations of production |
| D. | Means of production |
| Answer» D. Means of production | |
| 135. |
Marx denotes land, animals, tools, machinery etc are examples for the |
| A. | Mode of production |
| B. | Forces of production |
| C. | Means of production |
| D. | Relations of production |
| Answer» C. Means of production | |
| 136. |
In Marx’s view, the factor that binds one class to another is |
| A. | Mode of production |
| B. | Forces of production |
| C. | Means of production |
| D. | Relations of production |
| Answer» D. Relations of production | |
| 137. |
The single most fundamental fact of the materialist theory of history is |
| A. | Control over the history of production |
| B. | The ownership over the means of production |
| C. | Ownership over the relations of production |
| D. | Distribution of the forces of production |
| Answer» B. The ownership over the means of production | |
| 138. |
In Marx’s view, the forces of production along with the relations of production define --- |
| A. | Mode of production |
| B. | Means of production |
| C. | Surplus value |
| D. | Labour value |
| Answer» A. Mode of production | |
| 139. |
In an economic system, the ------------ has the ability to determine the system of social relations arising from it |
| A. | Mode of production |
| B. | Forces of production |
| C. | Means of production |
| D. | Relations of production |
| Answer» A. Mode of production | |
| 140. |
The mode of production that encompasses a rudimentary system of production in which people live together principally by hunting and gathering was |
| A. | Feudal mode of production |
| B. | Ancient mode of production |
| C. | Capitalism |
| D. | Asiatic mode of production |
| Answer» D. Asiatic mode of production | |
| 141. |
Of the four types of mode of production identified by Karl Marx, which one had a communal ownership over the property with no system of class relations? |
| A. | Feudal mode of production |
| B. | Asiatic mode of production |
| C. | Ancient mode of production |
| D. | Capitalism |
| Answer» B. Asiatic mode of production | |
| 142. |
In a system of ancient mode of production the ‘oppressed’ were |
| A. | Slaves |
| B. | Landlords |
| C. | Peasants |
| D. | Tenants |
| Answer» A. Slaves | |
| 143. |
The feudal mode of production provided landholders with the powers of coercion over the class of |
| A. | Proletariats |
| B. | Bourgeoisie |
| C. | Serfs |
| D. | Capitals |
| Answer» C. Serfs | |
| 144. |
A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy was written in the year |
| A. | 1857 |
| B. | 1856 |
| C. | 1869 |
| D. | 1859 |
| Answer» D. 1859 | |
| 145. |
According to Marx, a thing whose qualities are capable of satisfying human needs is known as |
| A. | Capital |
| B. | Subject |
| C. | Commodity |
| D. | Surplus |
| Answer» C. Commodity | |
| 146. |
Marx called the quality of a commodity to serve a particular human need or function as |
| A. | Exchange value |
| B. | Use value |
| C. | Surplus value |
| D. | Labour value |
| Answer» B. Use value | |
| 147. |
According to Marx. Exchange value is found only in |
| A. | Socialism |
| B. | Capitalism |
| C. | Feudalism |
| D. | Communism |
| Answer» B. Capitalism | |
| 148. |
Marx called the capacity of human labour to bring about utility in a commodity and produce simple use values as |
| A. | Useful labour |
| B. | Abstract labour |
| C. | Distinct labour |
| D. | Definite labour |
| Answer» A. Useful labour | |
| 149. |
Marx stated that the products of useful labour assumes the form of commodities only in |
| A. | Feudalistic societies |
| B. | Ancient societies |
| C. | Agricultural societies |
| D. | Capitalist societies |
| Answer» D. Capitalist societies | |
| 150. |
According to Marx, exploitation takes the form of surplus value in |
| A. | Feudalistic societies |
| B. | Capitalist societies |
| C. | Ancient societies |
| D. | Agricultural societies |
| Answer» B. Capitalist societies | |
| 151. |
The name Marx gave to the process whereby the means of production become the private property of one class of persons and create the ‘pauperization of the direct producer’ |
| A. | Commoditization |
| B. | Surplus value |
| C. | Primitive accumulation |
| D. | Division of labour |
| Answer» C. Primitive accumulation | |
| 152. |
According to Marx, ------- breaks the fundamental connections human beings have to the means of production in terms of economic subsistence and survival |
| A. | Alienation |
| B. | Commoditization |
| C. | Production activity |
| D. | Exchange of goods |
| Answer» A. Alienation | |
| 153. |
According to Marx, when workers become estranged from the things they produce, it is called |
| A. | Alienation from the product activity |
| B. | Alienation from the product |
| C. | Alienation from the species |
| D. | Alienation from fellow-beings |
| Answer» B. Alienation from the product | |
| 154. |
The type of alienation in which human beings lose control over the capacity of their labour to affirm their being and define their self-existence is |
| A. | Alienation from the product activity |
| B. | Alienation from the product |
| C. | Alienation from the self |
| D. | Alienation from fellow-beings |
| Answer» A. Alienation from the product activity | |
| 155. |
When a person is alienated from the human social community, it is called |
| A. | Alienation from the product activity |
| B. | Alienation from the product |
| C. | Alienation from the species |
| D. | Alienation from fellow humans. |
| Answer» D. Alienation from fellow humans. | |
| 156. |
The term used by Durkheim to identify a system of social relations linking individuals to each other and to the society as a whole is |
| A. | Acculturation |
| B. | Association |
| C. | Social solidarity |
| D. | Social facts |
| Answer» C. Social solidarity | |
| 157. |
For Durkheim ------- describes the degree of social integration which links individuals to social groups outside them. |
| A. | Acculturation |
| B. | Association |
| C. | Social solidarity |
| D. | Social facts |
| Answer» C. Social solidarity | |
| 158. |
The type of social bonding that discourages individual autonomy in a society is termed as |
| A. | Mechanical solidarity |
| B. | Organic solidarity |
| C. | Homogenous solidarity |
| D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
| Answer» A. Mechanical solidarity | |
| 159. |
When a society is with a homogeneous population which is small and isolated, it is characterised by the existence of |
| A. | Mechanical solidarity |
| B. | Organic solidarity |
| C. | Homogenous solidarity |
| D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
| Answer» A. Mechanical solidarity | |
| 160. |
In a society where labour is specialized and individuals are linked more to each other than they are to society as a whole, it is characterised by |
| A. | Mechanical solidarity |
| B. | Organic solidarity |
| C. | Homogenous solidarity |
| D. | Heterogeneous solidarity |
| Answer» B. Organic solidarity | |
| 161. |
According to Durkheim, the primary characteristic of organic solidarity is the development of |
| A. | Social facts |
| B. | Suicide |
| C. | Division of labour |
| D. | Forced labour |
| Answer» C. Division of labour | |
| 162. |
According to Durkheim, when an industrial crisis breaks down the social solidarity existing between specialized functions and creates a decline in social cohesion, it is called |
| A. | The forced division of labour |
| B. | Poor division of labour |
| C. | Abnormal division of labour |
| D. | Anomic division of labour |
| Answer» D. Anomic division of labour | |
| 163. |
According to Durkheim, ----- are external to the individual |
| A. | Social facts |
| B. | Social solidarity |
| C. | Social justice |
| D. | Social sanction |
| Answer» A. Social facts | |
| 164. |
Durkheim maintained that in order to study social facts, it should be considered as |
| A. | Abstracts |
| B. | Things |
| C. | Facts |
| D. | Pathological |
| Answer» B. Things | |
| 165. |
According to Durkheim, the study of the form and structure of societies and its classification based on attributes can be called as |
| A. | Social pathology |
| B. | Social phenomenology |
| C. | Social morphology |
| D. | Social psychology |
| Answer» C. Social morphology | |
| 166. |
--------------- is the result of the weakening of the bonds which tie the individual to the society |
| A. | Anomic suicide |
| B. | Fatalistic suicide |
| C. | Egoistic suicide |
| D. | Altruistic suicide |
| Answer» C. Egoistic suicide | |
| 167. |
They type of suicide resulting from too much social integration is known as |
| A. | Anomic suicide |
| B. | Fatalistic suicide |
| C. | Egoistic suicide |
| D. | Altruistic suicide |
| Answer» D. Altruistic suicide | |
| 168. |
The suicide of older men threatened with severe illness is an example for |
| A. | Altruistic suicide |
| B. | Anomic suicide |
| C. | Fatalistic suicide |
| D. | Egoistic suicide |
| Answer» A. Altruistic suicide | |
| 169. |
----------- is at the opposite pole of social integration to altruistic suicide |
| A. | Altruistic suicide |
| B. | Anomic suicide |
| C. | Fatalistic suicide |
| D. | Egoistic suicide |
| Answer» D. Egoistic suicide | |
| 170. |
The type of altruistic suicide in which society imposes an explicit duty on individuals to take their own life but lacking specific coercive pressure from the community is known as |
| A. | Optional altruistic suicide |
| B. | Obligatory altruistic suicide |
| C. | Acute altruistic suicide |
| D. | Mystic altruistic suicide |
| Answer» B. Obligatory altruistic suicide | |
| 171. |
The type of suicide occurring due to excess of social regulation is called |
| A. | Altruistic suicide |
| B. | Anomic suicide |
| C. | Fatalistic suicide |
| D. | Egoistic suicide |
| Answer» C. Fatalistic suicide | |
| 172. |
The doctrine that holds the view that historical circumstances are determined by a sequence of economic events connected to the act of production is known as |
| A. | Historical materialism |
| B. | Rationalization |
| C. | Economic determinism |
| D. | Economic materialism |
| Answer» C. Economic determinism | |
| 173. |
Weber placed ----------- as the key to understand the pattern of historical development |
| A. | Power |
| B. | Ideal types |
| C. | Bureaucracy |
| D. | Rationalization |
| Answer» D. Rationalization | |
| 174. |
According to Weber, the process by which nature, society and individual actions are increasingly mastered by an orientation to planning, technical procedure and rational action is called |
| A. | Rationalization |
| B. | Rationality |
| C. | Social causation |
| D. | Individual autonomy |
| Answer» A. Rationalization | |
| 175. |
The term Weber used to refer to the capacity of social action to be subject to calculation in the means and ends of action is |
| A. | Rationalization |
| B. | Rationality |
| C. | Social causation |
| D. | Calculation |
| Answer» B. Rationality | |
| 176. |
According to Weber, the amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision is called |
| A. | Practical rationality |
| B. | Theoretical rationality |
| C. | Formal rationality |
| D. | Substantive rationality |
| Answer» C. Formal rationality | |
| 177. |
Weber refers practical rationality as |
| A. | The amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision. |
| B. | A way of looking at the world in which the meaning of an act is believed to lie in its function or utility. |
| C. | The one that imposes order on reality by conceptual reasoning |
| D. | A practical orientation of action regarding outcomes or results. |
| Answer» B. A way of looking at the world in which the meaning of an act is believed to lie in its function or utility. | |
| 178. |
Which perspective advocated society as a system with balance and boundaries? |
| A. | Structuralism |
| B. | Functionalism |
| C. | Interactionism |
| D. | Conflict perspective |
| Answer» B. Functionalism | |
| 179. |
Weber’s theory of social class appears in his work |
| A. | The Sociology of Religion |
| B. | The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |
| C. | The Capitalist society |
| D. | Economy and Society |
| Answer» D. Economy and Society | |
| 180. |
August Comte defined sociology as a |
| A. | Comparative science |
| B. | Historical method |
| C. | Positive science |
| D. | General Science |
| Answer» C. Positive science | |
| 181. |
Evolutionary theory is often regarded as the greatest contribution of British Sociologist |
| A. | Herbert Spencer |
| B. | Auguste Comte |
| C. | Karl Marx |
| D. | Emile Durkheim |
| Answer» A. Herbert Spencer | |
| 182. |
The building blocks of a theory is called |
| A. | Definitions |
| B. | Concepts |
| C. | Propositions |
| D. | Variables |
| Answer» B. Concepts | |
| 183. |
Conclusions drawn about the relationship among concepts based on the logical interrelationship is called |
| A. | Definitions |
| B. | Concepts |
| C. | Propositions |
| D. | Variables |
| Answer» C. Propositions | |
| 184. |
Specified expectations about empirical reality derived from propositions are called |
| A. | Definitions |
| B. | Propositions |
| C. | Variables |
| D. | Hypotheses |
| Answer» D. Hypotheses | |
| 185. |
A concept having two or more values or categories that can vary and be measured is known as |
| A. | Definitions |
| B. | Concepts |
| C. | Propositions |
| D. | Variables |
| Answer» D. Variables | |
| 186. |
The theoretical perspective that holds that society is a complex system whose various parts work together to produce stability is |
| A. | Structuralism |
| B. | Functionalism |
| C. | Conflict perspective |
| D. | Interactionism |
| Answer» B. Functionalism | |
| 187. |
A prominent exponent of functionalism in the United States |
| A. | Karl Marx |
| B. | Durkheim |
| C. | Talcott Parsons |
| D. | Wilfredo Pareto |
| Answer» C. Talcott Parsons | |
| 188. |
The concept of ‘dysfunction’ is a major contribution of |
| A. | Durkheim |
| B. | Robert K Merton |
| C. | Talcott Parsons |
| D. | Wilfredo Pareto |
| Answer» B. Robert K Merton | |
| 189. |
The theoretical perspective that emphasises the importance of moral consensus in maintaining order and stability in a system is called |
| A. | Structuralism |
| B. | Functionalism |
| C. | Conflict perspective |
| D. | Interactionism |
| Answer» B. Functionalism | |
| 190. |
What are manifest functions? |
| A. | Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action |
| B. | Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action |
| C. | Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action |
| D. | Recognised and intended consequences of a social action |
| Answer» D. Recognised and intended consequences of a social action | |
| 191. |
Robert K Merton is a |
| A. | Structuralist |
| B. | Structural-Functionalist |
| C. | Conflict theorist |
| D. | Interactionist |
| Answer» B. Structural-Functionalist | |
| 192. |
Middle-range theories is a great contribution by |
| A. | Robert K Merton |
| B. | Talcott Parson |
| C. | Ralph Dahrendorf |
| D. | Wright Mills |
| Answer» A. Robert K Merton | |
| 193. |
The evolutionary perspective holds the idea that |
| A. | The social system is in a state of equilibrium |
| B. | Change in one part of a system affects other parts |
| C. | Societies gradually change from simple to complex systems |
| D. | The social system consists of interrelated parts |
| Answer» C. Societies gradually change from simple to complex systems | |
| 194. |
Auguste Comte believed that human societies can evolve only in a |
| A. | Stagnant state |
| B. | Polylinear way |
| C. | Multi-linear way |
| D. | Uni-linear way |
| Answer» D. Uni-linear way | |
| 195. |
Latent functions are always |
| A. | Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action |
| B. | Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action |
| C. | Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action |
| D. | Recognised and intended consequences of a social action |
| Answer» C. Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action | |
| 196. |
The study of everyday behaviour in situations of face to face interaction is usually called |
| A. | Microsociology |
| B. | Public sociology |
| C. | Macrosociology |
| D. | Political sociology |
| Answer» A. Microsociology | |
| 197. |
Theories that deal with the analysis of large-scale social structures and long-term processes of change is called |
| A. | Micro level theories |
| B. | Macro level theories |
| C. | Middle-range theories |
| D. | Symbolic interactionism |
| Answer» B. Macro level theories | |
| 198. |
Levi-Strauss is a prominent |
| A. | Functionalist |
| B. | Interactionist |
| C. | Structural- functionalist |
| D. | Structuralist |
| Answer» D. Structuralist | |
| 199. |
Who introduced the term sociological imagination? |
| A. | Lewis Coser |
| B. | C H Cooley |
| C. | C Wright Mills |
| D. | Max Weber |
| Answer» C. C Wright Mills | |
| 200. |
The Sociological paradigm that focuses on the way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole is called |
| A. | Structuralism |
| B. | Structural-functionalism |
| C. | Conflict theory |
| D. | Symbolic interactionism |
| Answer» B. Structural-functionalism | |
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