McqMate
1. |
Any individual who purchases goods and services from the market for his/her end-use is called a.................. |
A. | customer |
B. | purchaser |
C. | consumer |
D. | all these |
Answer» C. consumer |
2. |
------------ is nothing but willingness of consumers to purchase products and services as per their taste, need and of course pocket. |
A. | consumer behaviour |
B. | consumer interest |
C. | consumer attitude |
D. | consumer perception |
Answer» B. consumer interest |
3. |
------------- is a branch which deals with the various stages a consumer goes through before purchasing products or services for his end use. |
A. | consumer behaviour |
B. | consumer interest |
C. | consumer attitude |
D. | consumer perception |
Answer» A. consumer behaviour |
4. |
-------------- refers to how an individual perceives a particular message |
A. | consumer behaviour |
B. | consumer interest |
C. | consumer attitude |
D. | consumer interpretation |
Answer» D. consumer interpretation |
5. |
“----------- is the action and decisions process or people who purchase goods and services for personal consumption.” |
A. | consumer behaviour |
B. | consumer interest |
C. | consumer attitude |
D. | consumer interpretation |
Answer» A. consumer behaviour |
6. |
________________ emphasize(s) that profitable marketing begins with the discovery and understanding of consumer needs and then develops a marketing mix to satisfy these needs. |
A. | the marketing concept |
B. | the strategic plan |
C. | the product influences |
D. | the price influences |
Answer» A. the marketing concept |
7. |
________________ is one of the most basic influences on an individual’s needs, wants, and behaviour. |
A. | brand |
B. | culture |
C. | product |
D. | price |
Answer» B. culture |
8. |
In terms of consumer behaviour; culture, social class, and reference group influences have been related to purchase and _______________. |
A. | economic situations |
B. | situational influences |
C. | consumption decisions |
D. | physiological influences |
Answer» C. consumption decisions |
9. |
Many sub-cultural barriers are decreasing because of mass communication, mass transit, and a ___________________. |
A. | decline in the influence of religious values |
B. | decline in communal influences |
C. | strong awareness of brands in the market |
D. | strong awareness of pricing policies in the market |
Answer» A. decline in the influence of religious values |
10. |
___________ develop on the basis of wealth, skills and power. |
A. | economical classes |
B. | purchasing communities |
C. | competitors |
D. | social classes |
Answer» D. social classes |
11. |
_____________ (is) are transmitted through three basic organizations: the family, religious organizations, and educational institutions; and in today’s society, educational institutions are playing an increasingly greater role in this regard. |
A. | consumer feedback |
B. | marketing information systems |
C. | market share estimates |
D. | cultural values |
Answer» D. cultural values |
12. |
In large nations, the population is bound to lose a lot of its homogeneity, and thus _________________ arise. |
A. | multilingual needs |
B. | cultures |
C. | subcultures |
D. | product adaptation requirements |
Answer» C. subcultures |
13. |
_______________ are based on such things as geographic areas, religions, nationalities, ethnic groups, and age. |
A. | multilingual needs |
B. | cultures |
C. | subcultures |
D. | product adaptation requirements |
Answer» C. subcultures |
14. |
Marketing managers should adapt the marketing mix to ___________________ and constantly monitor value changes and differences in both domestic and global markets. |
A. | sales strategies |
B. | marketing concepts |
C. | cultural values |
D. | brand images |
Answer» C. cultural values |
15. |
_____________ has become increasingly important for developing a marketing strategy in recent years. |
A. | change in consumers’ attitudes |
B. | inflation of the dollar |
C. | the concept and the brand |
D. | age groups, such as the teen market, baby boomers, and the mature market |
Answer» D. age groups, such as the teen market, baby boomers, and the mature market |
16. |
Two of the most important psychological factors that impact consumer decision-making process are product _____________ and product involvement. |
A. | marketing |
B. | strategy |
C. | price |
D. | knowledge |
Answer» D. knowledge |
17. |
Which of the following is the most valuable piece of information for determining the social class of your best friend's parents? |
A. | the number of years schooling that they had |
B. | their ethnic backgrounds |
C. | their combined annual income |
D. | their occupations |
Answer» D. their occupations |
18. |
Changes in consumer values have been recognized by many business firms that have expanded their emphasis on ____________ products. |
A. | latest technology |
B. | timesaving, convenience-oriented |
C. | health related |
D. | communication |
Answer» B. timesaving, convenience-oriented |
19. |
Many sub cultural barriers are decreasing because of mass communication, mass transit, and ________________. |
A. | the rising unemployment situation |
B. | an influence of political power |
C. | the use of new technology |
D. | a decline in the influence of religious values |
Answer» C. the use of new technology |
20. |
Different social classes tend to have different attitudinal configurations and _______ that influence the behaviour of individual members. |
A. | personalities |
B. | values |
C. | finances |
D. | decision makers |
Answer» B. values |
21. |
In terms of consumption decisions, middle class consumers prefer to _________. |
A. | buy at a market that sells at a whole sale rates |
B. | buy what is popular |
C. | buy only the brands which sell at affordable prices |
D. | analyze the market and select the best at the lowest prices |
Answer» B. buy what is popular |
22. |
_________________ refers to the buying behavior of final consumers. |
A. | consumer buyer behavior . |
B. | target market buying |
C. | market segment buying |
D. | business buying behavior |
Answer» A. consumer buyer behavior . |
23. |
____________ is individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption. |
A. | the target market |
B. | a market segment |
C. | the consumer market . |
D. | the ethnographic market |
Answer» C. the consumer market . |
24. |
Understanding consumer buying behavior is not easy. The answers are often locked deep within the consumer’s head. The central question for marketers is: |
A. | how much money is the consumer willing to spend? |
B. | how much does the consumer need the product being offered for sale? |
C. | how much does a discount or a coupon affect the purchase rate? |
D. | how do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use? . |
Answer» D. how do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use? . |
25. |
The starting point in understanding how consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use is the: |
A. | lipinski model of buying behavior. |
B. | stimulus-response model of buyer behavior. . |
C. | freudian model of buying behavior. |
D. | maslow’s model of life-cycle changes. |
Answer» B. stimulus-response model of buyer behavior. . |
26. |
According to the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior (as presented in your text), the place where consumers process marketing stimuli prior to making purchase decision is called the: |
A. | consumer’s value chain. |
B. | consumer’s cognitive schema. |
C. | consumer’s black box. . |
D. | consumer’s thoughts-emotions network. |
Answer» C. consumer’s black box. . |
27. |
Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and: |
A. | psychographic characteristics. |
B. | psychological characteristics. . |
C. | psychometric characteristics. |
D. | supply and demand characteristics. |
Answer» B. psychological characteristics. . |
28. |
______________ is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behaviors. |
A. | culture . |
B. | social class |
C. | personality |
D. | lifestyle |
Answer» A. culture . |
29. |
Marketers are always trying to spot ____________ in order to discover new products that might be wanted. |
A. | opinion graphers |
B. | dissonant groups |
C. | cultural shifts . |
D. | benchmarks |
Answer» C. cultural shifts . |
30. |
The cultural shift toward _____________ has resulted in more demand for casual clothing and simpler home furnishings. |
A. | liberal political causes |
B. | conservative political causes |
C. | informality . |
D. | downsizing |
Answer» C. informality . |
31. |
A ________________ is a group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. |
A. | culture |
B. | subculture . |
C. | lifestyle composite |
D. | social class |
Answer» B. subculture . |
32. |
The greatest barrier to effectively marketing to the Asian American market is thought to be: |
A. | reluctance to grant credit to this group. |
B. | language and cultural traditions. . |
C. | the urban nature of their neighborhoods. |
D. | lack of a mass media that reaches this group. |
Answer» B. language and cultural traditions. . |
33. |
Relatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors are called: |
A. | cultures. |
B. | subcultures. |
C. | social classes. . |
D. | social factors. |
Answer» C. social classes. . |
34. |
As a form of a reference group, the _______________ are ones to which the individual wishes to belong. |
A. | secondary groups |
B. | facilitative groups |
C. | primary groups |
D. | aspiration groups . |
Answer» D. aspiration groups . |
35. |
The __________________ is a person within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exerts influence on others. |
A. | facilitator |
B. | referent actor |
C. | opinion leader . |
D. | social role player |
Answer» C. opinion leader . |
36. |
Even though buying roles in the family change constantly, the ___________ has traditionally been the main purchasing agent for the family. |
A. | wife . |
B. | husband |
C. | teenage children |
D. | grandparent |
Answer» A. wife . |
37. |
A major reason for the changing traditional purchasing roles for families is that: |
A. | the economic conditions are forcing more teens to work. |
B. | more women than ever hold jobs outside the home. . |
C. | children are spending more time on the web. |
D. | men and women now shop together or “shop until you drop” for entertainment purposes. |
Answer» B. more women than ever hold jobs outside the home. . |
38. |
A(n) ________________ consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them. |
A. | behavior |
B. | attitude |
C. | role . |
D. | status |
Answer» C. role . |
39. |
The stages through which families might pass as they mature over time is a description of what is called the: |
A. | adoption process. |
B. | lifestyle cycle. |
C. | values and lifestyle (vals) topology. |
D. | family life cycle. |
Answer» D. family life cycle. |
40. |
The basic premise of the _____________ is that people’s possessions contribute to and reflect their identities; that is, “we are what we have.” |
A. | lifestyle concept |
B. | self-concept . |
C. | personality concept |
D. | cognitive concept |
Answer» B. self-concept . |
41. |
A _____________ is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction of the need. |
A. | motive . |
B. | want |
C. | demand |
D. | requirement |
Answer» A. motive . |
42. |
A good synonym for motive is a(n) _____________. |
A. | omen |
B. | need |
C. | drive . |
D. | cue |
Answer» C. drive . |
43. |
The theory of motivation that views people as responding to urges that are repressed but never fully under control was developed by: |
A. | marshall. |
B. | kant. |
C. | fre |
D. | . d. maslow. |
Answer» C. fre |
44. |
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the lowest order of needs are called: |
A. | self-actualization needs. |
B. | social needs. |
C. | safety needs. |
D. | physiological needs. . |
Answer» D. physiological needs. . |
45. |
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the highest order of needs are called: |
A. | self-actualization needs. . |
B. | social needs. |
C. | safety needs. |
D. | physiological needs. |
Answer» A. self-actualization needs. . |
46. |
__________________ is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world. |
A. | readiness |
B. | selectivity |
C. | perception . |
D. | motivation |
Answer» C. perception . |
47. |
People can form different perceptions of the same stimulus because of three perceptual processes. These processes are best described as being: |
A. | selective attention, selective distortion, and selective retention. . |
B. | subliminal perception, selective remembrance, selective forgetting. |
C. | closure, modeling, and perceptual screening. |
D. | needs distortion, wants analysis, and perceptual screening. |
Answer» A. selective attention, selective distortion, and selective retention. . |
48. |
_______________ describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience. |
A. | modeling |
B. | motivation |
C. | perception |
D. | learning . |
Answer» D. learning . |
49. |
A ___________ is a strong internal stimulus that calls for action. |
A. | drive . |
B. | cue |
C. | response |
D. | perception |
Answer» A. drive . |
50. |
If a consumer describes a car as being the “most economical car on the market,” then this descriptor is a(n): |
A. | rule. |
B. | attitude. |
C. | belief. . |
D. | cue. |
Answer» C. belief. . |
51. |
If a consumer tells friends “I like my car more than any other car on the road,” then the consumer has expressed a(n): |
A. | rule. |
B. | attitude. . |
C. | belief. |
D. | cue. |
Answer» B. attitude. . |
52. |
___________ puts people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them. |
A. | a rule |
B. | an attitude . |
C. | a belief |
D. | a cue |
Answer» B. an attitude . |
53. |
Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of the buyer decision process? |
A. | need recognition |
B. | brand identification . |
C. | information search |
D. | purchase decision |
Answer» B. brand identification . |
54. |
According to the buyer decision process suggested in the text, the first stage is characterized as being one of: |
A. | awareness. |
B. | information search. |
C. | need recognition. . |
D. | demand formulation. |
Answer» C. need recognition. . |
55. |
The buying process can be triggered by a(n) __________ when one of the person’s normal needs—hunger, thirst, sex—rises to a level high enough to become a drive. |
A. | awareness |
B. | external stimuli |
C. | internal stimuli . |
D. | experiential motivation |
Answer» C. internal stimuli . |
56. |
The stage in the buyer decision process in which the consumer is aroused to search for more information is called: |
A. | information search. . |
B. | evaluation of alternatives. |
C. | search for needs. |
D. | perceptual search. |
Answer» A. information search. . |
57. |
The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. If the consumer were to obtain information from handling, examining, or using the product, then the consumer would have obtained the information by using a(n): |
A. | personal source. |
B. | commercial source. |
C. | informative source. |
D. | experiential source. |
Answer» D. experiential source. |
58. |
Generally, the consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision. These two factors are best described as being: |
A. | the cost and availability of the product. |
B. | the attitude of others and the cost of the product. |
C. | the availability of the product and unexpected situational factors. |
D. | the attitude of others and unexpected situational factors. . |
Answer» D. the attitude of others and unexpected situational factors. . |
59. |
With respect to post purchase behavior, the larger the gap between expectations and performance: |
A. | the greater likelihood of re-purchase. |
B. | the greater the customer’s dissatisfaction. . |
C. | the less likely the consumer will be influenced by advertising. |
D. | the less likely the consumer will need sales confirmation and support. |
Answer» B. the greater the customer’s dissatisfaction. . |
60. |
Cognitive dissonance occurs in which stage of the buyer decision process model? |
A. | need recognition |
B. | information search |
C. | evaluation of alternatives |
D. | post purchase conflict . |
Answer» D. post purchase conflict . |
61. |
A company must always guard against dissatisfying customers. On average, a satisfied customer tells 3 people about a good purchase experience. A dissatisfied customer, however, on average gripes to ________ people. |
A. | 7 |
B. | 9 |
C. | 11 . |
D. | 30 |
Answer» C. 11 . |
62. |
The _________________ is the mental process through which an individual passes from first hearing about an innovation to final adoption. |
A. | adoption process . |
B. | consumption process |
C. | innovation process |
D. | new product development process |
Answer» A. adoption process . |
63. |
All of the following are part of the adoption process that consumers may go through when considering an innovation EXCEPT: |
A. | awareness. |
B. | process. . |
C. | interest. |
D. | trial. |
Answer» B. process. . |
64. |
With respect to adopter categories, the _______________ are guided by respect, are the opinion leaders in their communities, and adopt new ideas early but carefully. |
A. | seekers |
B. | innovators |
C. | early adopters . |
D. | early majority |
Answer» C. early adopters . |
65. |
With respect to adopter categories, the ___________________ are skeptical and they adopt an innovation only after a majority of people have tried it. |
A. | early adopters |
B. | early majority |
C. | late majority . |
D. | laggards |
Answer» C. late majority . |
66. |
Several characteristics are especially important in influencing an innovation’s rate of adoption. _________ is the degree to which the innovation may be tried on a limited basis. |
A. | relative advantage |
B. | synchronization |
C. | compatibility |
D. | divisibility . |
Answer» D. divisibility . |
67. |
If a company makes products and services for the purpose of reselling or renting them to others at a profit or for use in the production of other products and services, then the company is selling to the: |
A. | business market. . |
B. | international market. |
C. | consumer market. |
D. | private sector market. |
Answer» A. business market. . |
68. |
All of the following are among the primary differences between a business market and a consumer market EXCEPT: |
A. | purchase decisions to satisfy needs. . |
B. | market structure and demand. |
C. | the nature of the buying unit. |
D. | the types of decisions and the decision process involved. |
Answer» A. purchase decisions to satisfy needs. . |
69. |
The business marketer normally deals with _____________ than the consumer marketer does. |
A. | far greater but smaller buyers |
B. | far greater and larger buyers |
C. | far fewer but far larger buyers |
D. | far fewer and smaller buyers |
Answer» C. far fewer but far larger buyers |
70. |
When demand comes (as it does in the business market) from the demand for consumer goods, this form of demand is called: |
A. | kinked demand. |
B. | inelastic demand. |
C. | cyclical dema |
D. | Derived demand. |
Answer» D. Derived demand. |
71. |
That business markets have more buyers involved in the purchase decision is evidence of which of the following characteristic differences between business and consumer markets? |
A. | market structure and demand |
B. | the nature of the buying unit . |
C. | types of decisions made |
D. | type of decision process itself |
Answer» B. the nature of the buying unit . |
72. |
The place in the business buying behavior model where interpersonal and individual influences might interact is called the: |
A. | environment. |
B. | response. . |
C. | stimuli. |
D. | buying center. |
Answer» B. response. . |
73. |
In a _______________, the buyer reorders something without any modifications. |
A. | habitual rebuy |
B. | straight rebuy . |
C. | modified rebuy |
D. | new task buy |
Answer» B. straight rebuy . |
74. |
In a _______________, the buyer wants to change something about product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers. |
A. | habitual rebuy |
B. | straight rebuy |
C. | modified rebuy . |
D. | new task buy |
Answer» C. modified rebuy . |
75. |
When a firm buys a product or service for the first time, it is facing a: |
A. | habitual rebuy situation. |
B. | straight rebuy situation. |
C. | modified rebuy situation. |
D. | new task situation. . |
Answer» D. new task situation. . |
76. |
The “in” suppliers are most likely to get nervous and feel pressure to put their best foot forward in which of the following types of buying situations? |
A. | modified rebuy . |
B. | new task buying |
C. | straight rebuy |
D. | indirect rebuy |
Answer» A. modified rebuy . |
77. |
The decision-making unit of a buying organization is called its _____________: all the individuals and units that participate in the business decision-making process. |
A. | buying center . |
B. | purchasing center |
C. | bidding center |
D. | demand-supply center |
Answer» D. demand-supply center |
78. |
The stage of the business buying process where the buyer describes the characteristics and quantity of the needed item is called: |
A. | problem recognition. |
B. | general need description. . |
C. | product specification. |
D. | proposal solicitation. |
Answer» B. general need description. . |
79. |
If a buying team is asked by the purchasing department to rank the importance of reliability, durability, price, and other attributes of an item, then the team is going through a business buying process stage called: |
A. | problem recognition. |
B. | general need description. . |
C. | product specification. |
D. | proposal solicitation. |
Answer» B. general need description. . |
80. |
________________ is the stage of business buying where an organization decides on and specifies the best technical product characteristics for a needed item. |
A. | problem recognition |
B. | general need description |
C. | product specification . |
D. | proposal solicitation |
Answer» C. product specification . |
81. |
Factors such as supplier reputation for repair and servicing capabilities are important criteria for evaluation at which stage in the business buying process? |
A. | problem recognition |
B. | supplier search |
C. | supplier selection . |
D. | order-routine specification |
Answer» C. supplier selection . |
82. |
Blanket contracts are typically part of which of the following stages in the business buying process? |
A. | general need description |
B. | product specification |
C. | supplier selection |
D. | order-routine specification . |
Answer» D. order-routine specification . |
83. |
The stage of the business buying process in which the buyer writes the final order with the chosen supplier(s), listing the technical specifications, quantity needed, expected time of delivery, return policies, and warranties is called: |
A. | general need description. |
B. | product specification. |
C. | supplier selection. |
D. | order-routine specification. . |
Answer» D. order-routine specification. . |
84. |
The _______________ may lead the buyer to continue, modify, or drop the arrangement that has been entered into by the buyer and seller. |
A. | performance review . |
B. | order-routine specification |
C. | supplier selection |
D. | general need description |
Answer» A. performance review . |
85. |
For the marketing manager, social class offers some insights into consumer behavior and is potentially useful as a ___________________. |
A. | market research information |
B. | market segmentation variable . |
C. | source of understanding competition’s strategy |
D. | source to predict future trends |
Answer» B. market segmentation variable . |
86. |
____________ is the definition of reference groups. |
A. | groups that an individual looks to when forming attitudes and opinions . |
B. | groups of people who have been referred to by someone they know |
C. | groups of office colleagues |
D. | chat groups on the internet |
Answer» A. groups that an individual looks to when forming attitudes and opinions . |
87. |
__________ are factors that have been shown to affect consumer behavior. |
A. | brand name, quality, newness, and complexity . |
B. | advertising, marketing, product, and price |
C. | outlets, strategies, concept, and brand name |
D. | quality, advertising, product positioning, and strategy |
Answer» A. brand name, quality, newness, and complexity . |
88. |
The reason that higher prices may not affect consumer buying is _______________. |
A. | most consumers prefer brand names which have higher prices |
B. | 70% of the total population looks for quality services and is willing to pay higher prices |
C. | consumers believe that higher prices indicate higher quality or prestige . |
D. | most consumers feel that the price is actually affordable |
Answer» C. consumers believe that higher prices indicate higher quality or prestige . |
89. |
___________ are the groups that individuals look to when forming attitudes and opinions. |
A. | reference groups . |
B. | teenage groups |
C. | religious groups |
D. | adult groups |
Answer» A. reference groups . |
90. |
For which of the following products would the reference group influence be the strongest? |
A. | a best-seller novel |
B. | a pickup truck . |
C. | a loaf of bread |
D. | a pair of jeans |
Answer» B. a pickup truck . |
91. |
Secondary reference groups include ________________. |
A. | family and close friends |
B. | sports groups |
C. | ethnic and religious groups |
D. | fraternal organizations and professional associations . |
Answer» D. fraternal organizations and professional associations . |
92. |
Marketing strategies are often designed to influence _______________ and lead to profitable exchanges. |
A. | consumer decision making . |
B. | sales strategies |
C. | advertising strategies |
D. | export strategies |
Answer» A. consumer decision making . |
93. |
__________ refers to the information a consumer has stored in their memory about a product or service. |
A. | cognitive dissonance |
B. | product knowledge . |
C. | product research |
D. | marketing research |
Answer» B. product knowledge . |
94. |
One of the key tasks of marketers is ____________ and to create consumer perceptions that the product is worth purchasing. |
A. | to make products easily visible and available |
B. | to promote sales of products |
C. | to differentiate their products from those of competitors . |
D. | to do marketing surveys |
Answer» C. to differentiate their products from those of competitors . |
95. |
Praveen doesn't really like Chicken fry but when all of his friends ordered chicken fry, he felt that to be part of the gang he needed to buy one for himself. Which situational influence explains Terence's purchase of a grapefruit martini? |
A. | its marketing mix |
B. | task features |
C. | current conditions |
D. | social features |
Answer» D. social features |
96. |
________ can influence the consumers’ thoughts about products. |
A. | marketing and popularity |
B. | advertising, sales promotions, salespeople, and publicity . |
C. | sales promotion, popularity, and marketing |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. advertising, sales promotions, salespeople, and publicity . |
97. |
It important for marketers to devise communications that offer _______________, and are placed in media that consumers in the target market are likely to use. |
A. | consistent messages about their products . |
B. | better pricing |
C. | product information to the customers |
D. | a new marketing strategy |
Answer» A. consistent messages about their products . |
98. |
Marketing communications play a critical role in informing consumers about ______ including where they can be purchased and in creating favourable images and perceptions. |
A. | buying their products |
B. | price reductions |
C. | products and services . |
D. | the advantage over competition |
Answer» C. products and services . |
99. |
When consumers are seeking low-involvement products, they are unlikely to engage in extensive search, so _________________ is important. |
A. | order processing |
B. | order booking |
C. | ready availability . |
D. | information about warranty |
Answer» C. ready availability . |
100. |
Marketers can create brand equity ______________. |
A. | by selling them in prestigious outlets . |
B. | by overpricing the product |
C. | preparing comparative information about competitive brands |
D. | by making the products available in all locations |
Answer» A. by selling them in prestigious outlets . |
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