McqMate
| 101. |
Situational influences that have considerable effect on product and brand choice are ---- --------- , social features, time, task features and current conditions. |
| A. | physical features . |
| B. | price |
| C. | guarantees |
| D. | packaging |
| Answer» A. physical features . | |
| 102. |
Product knowledge refers to the amount of information a consumer has stored in memory about particular product classes, product forms, _________, models, and ways to purchase them. |
| A. | prices |
| B. | brands . |
| C. | packaging |
| D. | warranties |
| Answer» B. brands . | |
| 103. |
Product involvement refers to ____________ or personal relevance of an item. |
| A. | a consumer’s perception of the importance . |
| B. | the need of the product |
| C. | the price the product |
| D. | the amount of people who bought the product |
| Answer» A. a consumer’s perception of the importance . | |
| 104. |
If the purchase is for a high-involvement product, consumers are likely to develop a high degree of ________________ so that they can be confident that the item they purchase is just right for them. |
| A. | brand loyalty |
| B. | society |
| C. | product knowledge . |
| D. | references |
| Answer» C. product knowledge . | |
| 105. |
___________________ constitutes moderate consumer behaviour, but still involves time and effort searching for and comparing alternatives. |
| A. | limited decision making . |
| B. | need recognition |
| C. | routine decision making |
| D. | post purchase evaluation |
| Answer» A. limited decision making . | |
| 106. |
Experimental sources of information for consumers refer to ____________. |
| A. | advertising, marketing, selling, and profit making |
| B. | handling, examining, and trying the product while shopping . |
| C. | buying after a demonstration |
| D. | buying the product directly from a manufacturer |
| Answer» B. handling, examining, and trying the product while shopping . | |
| 107. |
A purchase involves many decisions, which include product type, brand, model, ________________ among other factors. |
| A. | credit facility available |
| B. | group purchase discount schemes |
| C. | dealer selection and method of payment . |
| D. | availability of money |
| Answer» C. dealer selection and method of payment . | |
| 108. |
Group, marketing and ______________ determine the initial level of product knowledge as well as change in it. |
| A. | consumer feedback |
| B. | situational influences |
| C. | information available |
| D. | consumers’ perceptions |
| Answer» B. situational influences | |
| 109. |
______________ refers to the tendency for consumers to try to reduce risk in their decision making. |
| A. | risk tolerance |
| B. | guarantee terms |
| C. | perceived risk . |
| D. | dissonance |
| Answer» C. perceived risk . | |
| 110. |
_________________ is the most common type or consumer decision process and the way consumers purchase most packaged goods. |
| A. | limited decision making |
| B. | extended decision making |
| C. | routine decision making . |
| D. | alternative search |
| Answer» C. routine decision making . | |
| 111. |
The occurrence of post decision anxiety is related to the concept of __________. |
| A. | extensive decision making |
| B. | cognitive dissonance . |
| C. | limited decision making |
| D. | marketing strategy |
| Answer» B. cognitive dissonance . | |
| 112. |
The disconfirmation paradigm is used to study _____________. |
| A. | need satisfaction |
| B. | decision-making roles within the purchase process |
| C. | the relationship between product knowledge and product involvement |
| D. | post purchase dissonance |
| Answer» D. post purchase dissonance | |
| 113. |
What does cognitive dissonance state? |
| A. | the individual often has doubts and second thoughts about the choice made . |
| B. | individual consumers use limited decision making to reduce their anxiety levels |
| C. | consumers usually buy products based on emotion |
| D. | marketers can sell more products by increasing choices available to consumers |
| Answer» A. the individual often has doubts and second thoughts about the choice made . | |
| 114. |
One implication of the ______________ view for marketers is that care must be taken not to raise prepurchase expectations to such a level that the product cannot possibly meet them. |
| A. | post purchase evaluation . |
| B. | purchase decision |
| C. | prepurchase decision |
| D. | routine decision making |
| Answer» A. post purchase evaluation . | |
| 115. |
All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behaviour are known as _____. |
| A. | situational influence |
| B. | motivators |
| C. | consumption triggers |
| D. | consumption influencers |
| Answer» A. situational influence | |
| 116. |
Which of the following also includes a situation-specific component? |
| A. | personality |
| B. | self-concept |
| C. | involvement |
| D. | demographics |
| Answer» C. involvement | |
| 117. |
Which of the following is a situation in which consumer behavior occurs? |
| A. | communications situation |
| B. | purchase situation |
| C. | usage situation |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 118. |
Which of the following is NOT a situation in which consumer behaviour occurs? |
| A. | communications situation |
| B. | purchase situation |
| C. | usage situation |
| D. | all of the above are situations in which consumer behaviour occurs . 127. which of the following is a situation characteristic? |
| Answer» D. all of the above are situations in which consumer behaviour occurs . 127. which of the following is a situation characteristic? | |
| 119. |
Neethu has to purchase a gift for her mother and only has this afternoon to do so because her birthday party is that evening. She's wondering how she will be able get to the mall in time to pick out the perfect gift. This is an illustration of which situation characteristic? |
| A. | physical features |
| B. | social surroundings |
| C. | temporal perspective |
| D. | task definition |
| Answer» C. temporal perspective | |
| 120. |
Which of the following is NOT an individual characteristic influencing consumer behaviour? |
| A. | culture |
| B. | attitudes |
| C. | task definition |
| D. | social class |
| Answer» C. task definition | |
| 121. |
Which of the following is NOT a consumption response? |
| A. | task definition |
| B. | problem recognition |
| C. | purchase |
| D. | disposition |
| Answer» A. task definition | |
| 122. |
The situation interacts with the marketing activity and the individual to determine behaviour. Which of the following is a marketing activity? |
| A. | lifestyle |
| B. | temporal perspective |
| C. | package |
| D. | purchase |
| Answer» C. package | |
| 123. |
----------- consumer research is also known as positivism |
| A. | qualitative |
| B. | quantitative . |
| C. | selective |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. quantitative . | |
| 124. |
---------------- Consumer research is also known as ‘interpretivism’. |
| A. | qualitative . |
| B. | quantitative |
| C. | selective |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. qualitative . | |
| 125. |
How does music influence consumer behaviour? |
| A. | subliminally |
| B. | reduces consumers' perception of overcrowding |
| C. | changes temporal perspective |
| D. | influences mood |
| Answer» D. influences mood | |
| 126. |
Some consumers are highly susceptible to interpersonal influence, which is a _____. |
| A. | norm |
| B. | situation factor |
| C. | product factor |
| D. | personality trait |
| Answer» D. personality trait | |
| 127. |
Which of the following is a negative emotion influenced by both the product (e.g., hearing aids, feminine hygiene products) and the situation? |
| A. | embarrassment |
| B. | shame |
| C. | fear |
| D. | anger |
| Answer» A. embarrassment | |
| 128. |
Which of the following is a reason consumer give gifts? |
| A. | social expectations |
| B. | ritualized consumption experiences |
| C. | as an expression of love and caring |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 129. |
--------- (consumer role) is the individual who determines that some need or want is not being fulfilled and authorises a purchase to rectify the situation. |
| A. | initiator . |
| B. | gate keeper |
| C. | influencer |
| D. | decider |
| Answer» A. initiator . | |
| 130. |
Among various consumer roles ------------- has the greatest expertise in acquiring and evaluating the information. |
| A. | initiator |
| B. | gate keeper . |
| C. | influencer |
| D. | decider |
| Answer» B. gate keeper . | |
| 131. |
----------- is a person who, by some intentional or unintentional word or action, influences the buying decision, actual purchase and/or the use of product or service. |
| A. | initiator |
| B. | gate keeper |
| C. | influencer . |
| D. | decider |
| Answer» C. influencer . | |
| 132. |
----------- is the person or persons who actually determine which product or service will be chosen. |
| A. | initiator |
| B. | gate keeper |
| C. | influencer |
| D. | decider . |
| Answer» D. decider . | |
| 133. |
------------- is an individual who actually makes the purchase transaction. |
| A. | initiator |
| B. | gate keeper |
| C. | influencer |
| D. | buyer . |
| Answer» D. buyer . | |
| 134. |
----------- is a person most directly involved in the use or consumption of the |
| A. | initiator |
| B. | user |
| C. | influencer |
| D. | buyer |
| Answer» B. user | |
| 135. |
Marginal utility theory of buyer behaviour is developed by |
| A. | alphred marshall . |
| B. | festinger |
| C. | b f skinner |
| D. | kotler |
| Answer» A. alphred marshall . | |
| 136. |
Stimulus response theory of buyer behaviour developed by |
| A. | purlon |
| B. | skinner |
| C. | thorndike |
| D. | all of these . |
| Answer» D. all of these . | |
| 137. |
Cognitive theory of buyer behaviour was developed by |
| A. | alphred marshall |
| B. | festinger . |
| C. | b f skinner |
| D. | kotler |
| Answer» B. festinger . | |
| 138. |
Psycho- Analytical theory of consumer behaviour was developed by |
| A. | alphred marshall |
| B. | festinger |
| C. | b f skinner |
| D. | sigmund freud . |
| Answer» D. sigmund freud . | |
| 139. |
Socio cultural theory of buyer behaviour is formulated by |
| A. | veblen . |
| B. | festinger |
| C. | b f skinner |
| D. | kotler |
| Answer» A. veblen . | |
| 140. |
Socio cultural theory of buyer behaviour is also known as |
| A. | individual theory |
| B. | selective theory |
| C. | group theory . |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. group theory . | |
| 141. |
The concept of market segmentation was introduced by |
| A. | philip kotler |
| B. | veblen |
| C. | marshall |
| D. | w r smith . |
| Answer» D. w r smith . | |
| 142. |
---------------- is the act of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyer who might require separate products. |
| A. | market segmentation . |
| B. | target marketing |
| C. | product positioning |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. market segmentation . | |
| 143. |
Which of the following is not a market segmentation strategy? |
| A. | undifferentiated marketing |
| B. | customised marketing |
| C. | concentrated marketing |
| D. | retail marketing . |
| Answer» D. retail marketing . | |
| 144. |
---------------- Segmentation is based on product features, occasion, benefit of the products etc. |
| A. | geographic |
| B. | demographic |
| C. | behavioural . |
| D. | psychographic |
| Answer» C. behavioural . | |
| 145. |
------------- is a social movement to increase the right and powers of consumer |
| A. | consumer behaviour |
| B. | consumerism . |
| C. | collusion |
| D. | segmentation |
| Answer» B. consumerism . | |
| 146. |
The extreme state of consumer satisfaction is called |
| A. | consumer dissonance |
| B. | consumer delight . |
| C. | consumer ecstasy |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. consumer delight . | |
| 147. |
The process by which individuals select, use, or dispose of products to satisfy their needs and wants is known as: |
| A. | problem recognition |
| B. | cognitive behaviour |
| C. | consumer behaviour . |
| D. | post purchase evaluation |
| Answer» C. consumer behaviour . | |
| 148. |
The person who uses a product is: |
| A. | not always the same person who selects or pays for it . |
| B. | always the same person who selects it |
| C. | always the same person who pays for it |
| D. | always the buyer. |
| Answer» B. always the same person who selects it | |
| 149. |
The process by which an individual selects, organises and interprets the information he or she receives from the environment is: |
| A. | perception . |
| B. | interpretation |
| C. | sensation |
| D. | information processing |
| Answer» A. perception . | |
| 150. |
Which of the following best describes involvement? |
| A. | consumers' disinterest in a product or service. |
| B. | the relationship users develop with selected products and services . |
| C. | the degree of personal relevance of a product or service to a consumer |
| D. | motivation to contribute to the improvement of a brand |
| Answer» B. the relationship users develop with selected products and services . | |
| 151. |
Lifestyles are NOT determined by: |
| A. | consumers' values . |
| B. | consumers' personal context |
| C. | consumers' personal characteristics |
| D. | consumers' needs and emotions |
| Answer» A. consumers' values . | |
| 152. |
Learned predispositions to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favourable or unfavourable way is the definition of: |
| A. | intentions |
| B. | behaviours |
| C. | aptitudes |
| D. | attitudes . |
| Answer» D. attitudes . | |
| 153. |
Attitudes in general: |
| A. | are not very predictive behaviour |
| B. | are often inconsistent with behaviour |
| C. | are inherent instead of learned |
| D. | are useful in predicting behaviour . |
| Answer» D. are useful in predicting behaviour . | |
| 154. |
A consumer feeling that the brand they have already purchased may not have been the right purchase is experiencing what? |
| A. | cognitive consistency |
| B. | foot-in-the-door |
| C. | the norm of reciprocity |
| D. | cognitive dissonance . |
| Answer» D. cognitive dissonance . | |
| 155. |
the steps in the consumer decision making process flow as: |
| A. | problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, postpurchase experience . |
| B. | problem recognition, information evaluation, alternative search, purchase, post purchase experience |
| C. | problem recognition, information search, purchase, alternative evaluation, post purchase experience |
| D. | problem recognition, alternative evaluation, information search, purchase, post purchase experience |
| Answer» A. problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, postpurchase experience . | |
| 156. |
Social class can be determined by: |
| A. | income |
| B. | education |
| C. | family background |
| D. | all of the above . |
| Answer» D. all of the above . | |
| 157. |
Which of the following is NOT part of group influence? |
| A. | social class. |
| B. | family. |
| C. | personality. . |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. personality. . | |
| 158. |
Problem recognition is part of: |
| A. | the decision process. . |
| B. | the marketing mix. |
| C. | personal influence. |
| D. | sales promotion |
| Answer» A. the decision process. . | |
| 159. |
Post-purchase evaluation means: |
| A. | comparing the purchase outcome with previous expectations. . |
| B. | feelings of disappointment following a purchase. |
| C. | researching consumers who have previously bought the product. |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» A. comparing the purchase outcome with previous expectations. . | |
| 160. |
Routine problem-solving is: |
| A. | a problem which recurs frequently. |
| B. | a regular session for considering problems. |
| C. | a regularly-experienced purchase situation. . |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. a regularly-experienced purchase situation. . | |
| 161. |
A purchase situation which occurs infrequently, and which requires some research, is called: |
| A. | routine problem-solving. |
| B. | infrequent purchase situation. |
| C. | limited problem-solving. . |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. limited problem-solving. . | |
| 162. |
Which of the following is NOT a component of personality? |
| A. | behaviours. |
| B. | family. . |
| C. | traits. |
| D. | attitude |
| Answer» B. family. . | |
| 163. |
Selective attention is a component of: |
| A. | decision-making. |
| B. | personality. |
| C. | perception. . |
| D. | attitude |
| Answer» C. perception. . | |
| 164. |
Which of the following is NOT part of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? |
| A. | safety needs. |
| B. | esteem needs. |
| C. | customer needs. . |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. customer needs. . | |
| 165. |
Obtaining satisfaction through fulfilling one's potential is called: |
| A. | esteem. |
| B. | self-actualisation. . |
| C. | perception. |
| D. | self concept |
| Answer» B. self-actualisation. . | |
| 166. |
The component of attitude relating to beliefs and disbeliefs is called: |
| A. | conative. . |
| B. | affective. |
| C. | cognitive. |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. conative. . | |
| 167. |
The component of attitude relating to emotion is called: |
| A. | affective. . |
| B. | cognitive. |
| C. | conative. |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. affective. . | |
| 168. |
A set of shared values, attitudes, beliefs, artefacts and other symbols is called: |
| A. | reference group. |
| B. | culture. . |
| C. | group influence. |
| D. | norms |
| Answer» B. culture. . | |
| 169. |
A group one wants to join is called: |
| A. | aspirant group. . |
| B. | membership group. |
| C. | reference group. |
| D. | effective group |
| Answer» A. aspirant group. . | |
| 170. |
Which of the following is NOT part of the family decision-making unit? |
| A. | solitary survivor. . |
| B. | initiator. |
| C. | purchaser. |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» A. solitary survivor. . | |
| 171. |
A group which one does not want to join is called: |
| A. | a membership group. |
| B. | an aspirational group. |
| C. | a dissociative group. . |
| D. | effective group |
| Answer» C. a dissociative group. . | |
| 172. |
Disappointment because the purchase did not match up to expectations is called: |
| A. | consumerism. |
| B. | cognitive dissonance. . |
| C. | post-purchase evaluation. |
| D. | dissatisfaction |
| Answer» B. cognitive dissonance. . | |
| 173. |
Maslow has a list of human needs from the most pressing to the least pressing. They include all of the following except _____. |
| A. | physiological needs |
| B. | safety needs |
| C. | need recognition . |
| D. | self-actualization |
| Answer» C. need recognition . | |
| 174. |
_____ is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world. |
| A. | personality |
| B. | perception . |
| C. | selective group |
| D. | habitual behaviour |
| Answer» B. perception . | |
| 175. |
People can form different perceptions of the same stimulus because of three perceptual processes. All of the following name these processes except _____. |
| A. | selective attention |
| B. | selective distortion |
| C. | selective attitude . |
| D. | selective retention about brands. |
| Answer» C. selective attitude . | |
| 176. |
People will forget much that they learn. They tend to retain information that supports their attitudes and beliefs. This is called _____. |
| A. | selective retention . |
| B. | selective distortion |
| C. | selective attitude |
| D. | selective attention |
| Answer» A. selective retention . | |
| 177. |
_____ advertising is when consumers are affected by marketing messages without even knowing it. |
| A. | alternative evaluation |
| B. | subliminal . |
| C. | complex |
| D. | motive |
| Answer» B. subliminal . | |
| 178. |
_____ describes changes in an individual’s behaviour arising from experience. |
| A. | lifestyle |
| B. | learning . |
| C. | perception |
| D. | cognitive dissonance |
| Answer» B. learning . | |
| 179. |
Learning occurs through the interplay of all of the following except _____. |
| A. | drives |
| B. | stimuli |
| C. | cues |
| D. | dissonance behaviour . 189. _____ are subtle stimuli that determine where, when, and how a person responds to |
| Answer» D. dissonance behaviour . 189. _____ are subtle stimuli that determine where, when, and how a person responds to | |
| 180. |
The practical significance of _____ for marketers is that they can build up demand for a product by associating it with strong drives, using motivating cues, and providing positive reinforcement. |
| A. | alternative evaluations |
| B. | social classes |
| C. | the learning theory . |
| D. | subcultures |
| Answer» C. the learning theory . | |
| 181. |
A _____ is a descriptive thought that a person has about something. |
| A. | lifestyle |
| B. | motive |
| C. | belief . |
| D. | habitual behaviour |
| Answer» C. belief . | |
| 182. |
_____ describes a person’s relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward an object or idea. |
| A. | lifestyle |
| B. | motive |
| C. | habitual behaviour |
| D. | attitude . |
| Answer» D. attitude . | |
| 183. |
A person’s attitudes fit into a pattern, and to change one attitude may require difficult adjustments in many others. Thus, a company should _____ try to fit its products into existing attitudes rather than attempt to change attitudes. |
| A. | usually . |
| B. | not |
| C. | once in a while |
| D. | seldom |
| Answer» A. usually . | |
| 184. |
All of the following are part of habitual buying behaviour except which one? |
| A. | consumers search extensively for information through the usual belief–attitude– behaviour sequence. |
| B. | a repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction. . |
| C. | the buying process involves brand beliefs formed by passive learning. |
| D. | none of the above. |
| Answer» B. a repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction. . | |
| 185. |
In one way or another, most large companies sell to _____. |
| A. | consumers |
| B. | other organizations . |
| C. | employees |
| D. | not-for-profit companies |
| Answer» B. other organizations . | |
| 186. |
What can we say about the size of the business market compared to consumer markets? |
| A. | it is approximately the same. |
| B. | it is smaller. |
| C. | it is huge. . |
| D. | there is no need to compare them. |
| Answer» C. it is huge. . | |
| 187. |
The buyer decision process consists of five stages. Which of the following is not one of these stages? |
| A. | need recognition. |
| B. | information search. |
| C. | variety-seeking buying behaviour. . |
| D. | purchase decision |
| Answer» C. variety-seeking buying behaviour. . | |
| 188. |
The buying process starts with _____the buyer recognizes a problem or need. |
| A. | need recognition . |
| B. | information search |
| C. | evaluation of alternatives |
| D. | purchase decision |
| Answer» A. need recognition . | |
| 189. |
The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. Which is not one of these sources? |
| A. | personal. |
| B. | commercial. |
| C. | attitude. . |
| D. | public. |
| Answer» C. attitude. . | |
| 190. |
The most effective source that consumers obtain information from is _____ because it legitimizes or evaluates products for the buyer. |
| A. | commercial |
| B. | public |
| C. | experimental |
| D. | personal . 201. the marketer needs to know about ---------- that is, how the consumer processes information |
| Answer» D. personal . 201. the marketer needs to know about ---------- that is, how the consumer processes information | |
| 191. |
Generally, the consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision. What is one of these factors? |
| A. | post purchase behaviour. |
| B. | attitude of others. . |
| C. | cognitive dissonance. |
| D. | habitual buying behaviour. |
| Answer» B. attitude of others. . | |
| 192. |
The marketer’s job does not end when the product is bought. After purchasing the product, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will engage in _____. |
| A. | habitual buying behaviour |
| B. | alterative evaluation |
| C. | post purchase behaviour . |
| D. | variety-seeking buying behaviour |
| Answer» C. post purchase behaviour . | |
| 193. |
What determines whether the buyer is satisfied or dissatisfied with a purchase? The answer lies in the relationship between the consumer’s expectations and the product’s _____. |
| A. | perceived performance . |
| B. | brand personality |
| C. | recognition |
| D. | consumer market |
| Answer» A. perceived performance . | |
| 194. |
Almost all major purchases result in _____, or discomfort caused by post purchase conflict. |
| A. | opinion leaders |
| B. | cognitive dissonance |
| C. | purchase decisions |
| D. | complex buying behaviour |
| Answer» B. cognitive dissonance | |
| 195. |
_____ is a key to building lasting relationships with consumers. |
| A. | personality |
| B. | alternative evaluations |
| C. | need recognition |
| D. | customer satisfaction . |
| Answer» D. customer satisfaction . | |
| 196. |
Companies should set up systems that _____ customers to complain. |
| A. | discourage |
| B. | encourage . |
| C. | do not allow |
| D. | any of the above |
| Answer» B. encourage . | |
| 197. |
A new product is a good, service, or idea that is perceived by some potential customers as new. Our interest is in how consumers learn about products for the first time and make the decision to buy them. This is called the _____. |
| A. | new product recognition |
| B. | adoption process . |
| C. | variety-seeking buying behaviour |
| D. | information search |
| Answer» B. adoption process . | |
| 198. |
Which is not one of the stages that customers go through in the process of adopting a new product? |
| A. | awareness. |
| B. | interest. |
| C. | evaluation. |
| D. | culture. . |
| Answer» D. culture. . | |
| 199. |
Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability are characteristics of _____. |
| A. | alternative evaluation |
| B. | dissonance-reducing buying behaviour |
| C. | influence of product on rate of adoption . |
| D. | habitual buying behaviour |
| Answer» C. influence of product on rate of adoption . | |
| 200. |
Family is one of the _____ factors that influence consumer behavior. |
| A. | cultural |
| B. | social . |
| C. | personal |
| D. | psychological |
| Answer» B. social . | |
Done Reading?