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Chapters
201. |
In dual concern model the style which represents a low level of concern for both self and other known as__________. |
A. | Avoiding |
B. | Dominating |
C. | Obliging |
D. | Compromising |
Answer» A. Avoiding |
202. |
When one disputant is forced to litigation then __________style is not possible. Sol: |
A. | Compromising |
B. | Integration |
C. | Authoritative |
D. | Avoiding |
Answer» B. Integration |
203. |
An accurate estimate of BATNA: Sol: |
A. | Allows disputant in making irrational choices about when to continue |
B. | negotiating, when to accept an offer, and when to stop |
C. | Allows being unduly pressured into settlement |
D. | Prevents team to accept a deal better than the BATNA without hesitation; |
Answer» D. Prevents team to accept a deal better than the BATNA without hesitation; |
204. |
Impressions formed about people that are based upon fitting the person into various categories are a type of impression called: |
A. | Data processing |
B. | Systemic processing |
C. | Category-based processing |
D. | Detail processing |
Answer» C. Category-based processing |
205. |
The mental processes which are used unconsciously to reinforce stereotypes include all of
|
A. | Ignoring |
B. | Over interpretation |
C. | Explaining away |
D. | All of the above are correct |
Answer» D. All of the above are correct |
206. |
When we try to associate with the information previously assumed even if we get information about a certain phenomenon, we tend to___________ in process of stereotype. |
A. | Ignore |
B. | Explain away |
C. | Agree |
D. | Challenge |
Answer» A. Ignore |
207. |
Extending a pre assumed perception and confirming it with small piece of information is which type of mental process of stereotyping? |
A. | Selecting Weighting Processes |
B. | Stereotype over interpretation |
C. | Stereotype-consistent perception |
D. | Explaining away |
Answer» B. Stereotype over interpretation |
208. |
_____________ processing is more accurate, but ________ processing is faster
|
A. | Systematic, category-based |
B. | Category-based, systematic |
C. | Dual, systematic |
D. | Group, Systematic |
Answer» A. Systematic, category-based |
209. |
The mediator’s primary function is to promote effective negotiation in: Sol: |
A. | Facilitative mediation |
B. | Evaluative mediation |
C. | Nonbinding evaluations |
D. | Mediation |
Answer» A. Facilitative mediation |
210. |
mediation: Sol: |
A. | AThere may not be a settlement since the disputants may not come to agreement |
B. | If there is some settlement it is permanent |
C. | The settlement is usually verbal |
D. | Settlements reached in mediation are not enforceable contracts |
Answer» A. AThere may not be a settlement since the disputants may not come to agreement |
211. |
An advantage of “evaluative” mediation is that it: |
A. | Helps each disputant to fine-tune his or her BATNA for accuracy and to modify it if it is too optimistic |
B. | Is the best form of mediation in inducing the disputants to use principled |
C. | negotiation |
D. | Is the best form of mediation in improving the disputants’ relationship |
Answer» A. Helps each disputant to fine-tune his or her BATNA for accuracy and to modify it if it is too optimistic |
212. |
) “To facilitate Collaborating/Integrating negotiation between the disputants” is the goal of which type of mediation? |
A. | Triage mediation |
B. | Bargaining-based mediation |
C. | Therapeutic mediation |
D. | Pure mediation |
Answer» D. Pure mediation |
213. |
Which of the following types of mediation has narrow and evaluative focus? Sol: |
A. | Triage mediation |
B. | Bargaining-based mediation |
C. | Pure mediation |
D. | Therapeutic mediation |
Answer» B. Bargaining-based mediation |
214. |
)In which sort of mediation are due process problems the most likely to occur? Sol: |
A. | Triage mediation |
B. | Bargaining-based mediation |
C. | Pure mediation |
D. | Transformative mediation |
Answer» A. Triage mediation |
215. |
According to Tuchman (1965), which of the following is NOT a stage of the life cycle of a
|
A. | performing |
B. | norming |
C. | reforming |
D. | storming |
Answer» C. reforming |
216. |
The phenomenon whereby an individual in a group will tend to end up agreeing with a
|
A. | Normative influence |
B. | informative influence |
C. | critical mass influence |
D. | bullying influence |
Answer» A. Normative influence |
217. |
The idea that the degree to which you will be influenced by the opinion of another group
|
A. | reactive intransigence influence |
B. | referent informational influence |
C. | reconciliation of internal influence |
D. | reorganizational interest influence |
Answer» B. referent informational influence |
218. |
Which of the following is NOT suggested as an explanation for poor group motivation? |
A. | lack of individual feedback |
B. | lack of clear performance standards |
C. | seeing that others aren’t pulling their weight |
D. | latent misanthropic enjoyment of group failure |
Answer» B. lack of clear performance standards |
219. |
The tendency whereby a group reaches a decision by trying to minimize conflict,
|
A. | group compromise |
B. | group consensus |
C. | groupthink |
D. | group cohesion |
Answer» C. groupthink |
220. |
The process whereby the presence of others is suggested to lead to individuals losing their
|
A. | DE individuation |
B. | deindividualization |
C. | individualization |
D. | individuation |
Answer» A. DE individuation |
221. |
The tendency whereby groups make decisions that are more extreme than the individuals’
|
A. | group polarization |
B. | group cohesion |
C. | group DE individuation |
D. | group extremism |
Answer» A. group polarization |
222. |
Steiner (1972) called losses in group productivity due to poor coordination |
A. | disorganization losses |
B. | momentum losses |
C. | process losses |
D. | laziness losses |
Answer» C. process losses |
223. |
Which of the following did Wilfred Bion (1961) NOT observe as a quality that was likely to
|
A. | flexibility of group membership |
B. | the presence of distinct subgroups |
C. | common purpose |
D. | valuing of all group members |
Answer» B. the presence of distinct subgroups |
224. |
The so-called ‘Hawthorne effect’ refers to which group-related phenomenon? |
A. | one person in a group usually does most of the work |
B. | people in groups tend to try to get away with doing as little as possible |
C. | people always perform better when they’re being watched |
D. | there is usually one person in a group who will try to argue against the majority |
Answer» C. people always perform better when they’re being watched |
225. |
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the potential negative effects of group
|
A. | the Social Curse |
B. | the Exclusion Hypothesis |
C. | the Norm-Violation Problem |
D. | the Discrimination Dilemma |
Answer» A. the Social Curse |
226. |
The term ‘groupthink’ was coined by |
A. | Janis (1972) |
B. | Jarvis (1972) |
C. | Jager (1972) |
D. | Jarratt (1972) |
Answer» A. Janis (1972) |
227. |
Groupthink refers to the process by which, when making decisions, the group places more importance on |
A. | Reaching a cohesive agreement |
B. | making a quality decision |
C. | reaching a speedy decision |
D. | reaching a well-evaluated decision |
Answer» A. Reaching a cohesive agreement |
228. |
Diner’s (1980) explanation of deindividuation posited that deindividuation is the result of |
A. | decreased self-awareness |
B. | decreased responsibility |
C. | increased anonymity |
D. | increased group size |
Answer» A. decreased self-awareness |
229. |
Group polarization refers to the tendency whereby |
A. | groups make decisions that are more extreme than the individuals’ opinions |
B. | conflict of individuals’ extreme opinions causes the group to side with the majority |
C. | the opinions of the minority shift to the majority |
D. | groups make decisions that are less extreme than the individuals’ opinions |
Answer» A. groups make decisions that are more extreme than the individuals’ opinions |
230. |
Which of the following is NOT a type of theory seeking to explain group polarization? |
A. | persuasive argument |
B. | social categorization processes |
C. | social comparison processes |
D. | social conformity processes |
Answer» D. social conformity processes |
231. |
Identification with social groups has been shown to lead to various psychological
|
A. | Self-esteem |
B. | distinctiveness |
C. | belonging |
D. | narcissism |
Answer» D. narcissism |
232. |
) According to Farfel and Turner (1979), which of the following is a primary reason for
|
A. | to avoid loneliness |
B. | a fear of missing out |
C. | a desire to prove loyalty to a stereotype |
D. | to maintain a positive sense of self |
Answer» D. to maintain a positive sense of self |
233. |
) The Social Cure (Jetten et al. 2009 & 2012) refers to |
A. | improvements in group cohesion as a result of socializing together |
B. | improvements in health and well-being as a result of identification with a group |
C. | improvements in social mobility resulting from free social care provision |
D. | improvements in health and well-being as a result of socialism |
Answer» B. improvements in health and well-being as a result of identification with a group |
234. |
According to Moscovici (1980), the best way for a minority to exert influence on the
|
A. | Maintain a consistent position over time |
B. | express extreme opinions |
C. | stress the importance of their opinion |
D. | express creative opinions |
Answer» A. Maintain a consistent position over time |
235. |
Describe the level of communication between team members: |
A. | In this team, people are afraid to speak up and we do not listen to each other |
B. | Everybody speaks up, but not all team members listen |
C. | Everybody accurately states their view and others listen and understand what is being saidwe talk together |
D. | Quite a few of the team members withhold their thoughts and don’t listen to others |
Answer» C. Everybody accurately states their view and others listen and understand what is being saidwe talk together |
236. |
What pair are methods of making team decisions? |
A. | Lack of Response & Unanimity |
B. | Lack of Response & Minority Rule |
C. | All Votes are Equal & Recruitment |
D. | D. Feedback & Unanimity |
Answer» A. Lack of Response & Unanimity |
237. |
Which of the following is not a stage of team development? |
A. | Forming |
B. | Deciding |
C. | Adjourning |
D. | Storming |
Answer» B. Deciding |
238. |
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Groupthink? |
A. | Illusions of vulnerability |
B. | Belief in inherent group morality |
C. | Applying direct pressure to deviants |
D. | Self-censorship by members |
Answer» A. Illusions of vulnerability |
239. |
Members of a(n) ______ team have been cross-trained so each person is able to perform the duties of all the other team members. |
A. | functional |
B. | cross-functional |
C. | multifunctional |
D. | self-directed |
Answer» C. multifunctional |
240. |
A group technique used to develop many ideas in a relatively short time. |
A. | brainstorming |
B. | compromise |
C. | conflict |
D. | consensus |
Answer» A. brainstorming |
241. |
The problem-solving method in which all members of a group fully accept and support a
|
A. | norm |
B. | compromise |
C. | goal |
D. | consensus |
Answer» D. consensus |
242. |
In circumstances of incremental change, strategic change is likely to be more
|
A. | It is imposed |
B. | It is owned by the senior manager |
C. | It is internalized and owned by those who will implement it |
D. | It is facilitated by management consultants |
Answer» C. It is internalized and owned by those who will implement it |
243. |
'Logical instrumentalism' can be described as: |
A. | Careful design and planning |
B. | Emergent |
C. | Cautious resource allocation |
D. | Top management rational analysis |
Answer» B. Emergent |
244. |
Organizations that are good at developing relevant capabilities to respond to a
|
A. | Knowing organizations |
B. | Stretch organizations |
C. | Learning organizations |
D. | None of the given options |
Answer» C. Learning organizations |
245. |
Which of the following contexts would most suit a transformational leader? |
A. | An organization that is in trouble |
B. | An organization that is performing well |
C. | An organization in a stable environment |
D. | An organization in a mature industry |
Answer» A. An organization that is in trouble |
246. |
Theorists have identified two main styles of leadership. These are
|
A. | Transgression leadership |
B. | Transactional leadership |
C. | Transparent leadership |
D. | Transcendental leadership |
Answer» B. Transactional leadership |
247. |
Which of the following theories operate on a multiple entity? |
A. | Life cycle and teleological theories |
B. | Teleological and dialectical theories |
C. | Dialectical and evolutionary theories |
D. | Evolutionary and life cycle theories |
Answer» C. Dialectical and evolutionary theories |
248. |
An approach, in which an external consultant recommends a solution to organizational
|
A. | Expert system approach |
B. | Devil’s advocate approach |
C. | Dialectical inquiry approach |
D. | External analysis approach |
Answer» A. Expert system approach |
249. |
Organization structure primarily refers to ________ |
A. | how activities are coordinated & controlled |
B. | how resources are allocated |
C. | the location of departments and office space |
D. | the policy statements developed by the firm |
Answer» A. how activities are coordinated & controlled |
250. |
Strategic planning as a broad concept consists of ______ |
A. | corporate strategy and business strategy |
B. | strategy formulation and strategy implementation |
C. | inputs and outputs |
D. | environmental analysis and internal analysis |
Answer» B. strategy formulation and strategy implementation |
251. |
A major problem with a task force type of management is ______ |
A. | there is no logical basis for task force information |
B. | its status is too inflexible |
C. | accountability |
D. | lack of planning |
Answer» B. its status is too inflexible |
252. |
).Individuals such as Albert Einstein, Edwin Land and Steven Jobs lead through which type
|
A. | Legitimate |
B. | Reward |
C. | Expert |
D. | Charismatic |
Answer» C. Expert |
253. |
)..Functional managers are responsible _____ |
A. | for a single area of activity |
B. | to the upper level of management and staff |
C. | for complex organizational sub-units |
D. | for obtaining copyrights and patents for newly developed processes and equipment |
Answer» A. for a single area of activity |
254. |
____________ embodies a team concept, is based on the principle of mutual
|
A. | Autocratic model |
B. | Custodial model |
C. | Supportive Model |
D. | Collegial Model |
Answer» D. Collegial Model |
255. |
Teamwork is the willingness people have to work with others toward common goals. |
A. | True |
B. | False |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» A. True |
256. |
Staff must have both qualities: positive motivation and teamwork to work effectively. |
A. | True |
B. | False |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» A. True |
257. |
A functional team might include representatives from a company’s design, marketing,
|
A. | true |
B. | false |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» B. false |
258. |
Successful problem solvers immediately look for solutions at the first sign of a problem. |
A. | true |
B. | false |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» B. false |
259. |
People who like to control others are the most effective team leaders |
A. | true |
B. | false |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» B. false |
260. |
The problem-solving method in which all members of a group fully accept and support a
|
A. | norm |
B. | compromise |
C. | goal |
D. | consensus |
Answer» D. consensus |
261. |
The quality of the ideas is the major concern during brainstorming. |
A. | true |
B. | false |
C. | none |
D. | all |
Answer» B. false |
262. |
Why is it important to know when to intervene in a conflict? |
A. | What seems important at the moment may seem unimportant later. |
B. | Sometimes intervening may make a situation worse. |
C. | Avoiding a serious disagreement only postpones the time when action will be required. |
D. | All the above. |
Answer» D. All the above. |
263. |
The ______________is the part of the personality that opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions |
A. | superego |
B. | ego |
C. | motives |
D. | observation |
Answer» A. superego |
264. |
Classical conditioning is also referred to as _____________conditioning |
A. | bandura |
B. | maslow |
C. | pavlovian |
D. | robbins |
Answer» C. pavlovian |
265. |
__________ is a schedule of reinforcement in which a variable amount of time must pass before a response is reinforced |
A. | fixed ratio |
B. | variable ratio |
C. | fixed interval |
D. | variable interval |
Answer» D. variable interval |
266. |
___________ is a schedule of reinforcement in which a fixed period of tie must elapse before a reinforcement is administered |
A. | fixed ratio |
B. | variable ratio |
C. | fixed interval |
D. | variable interval |
Answer» C. fixed interval |
267. |
Emotions are usually accompanied by distinct ____________expression |
A. | verbal |
B. | positive |
C. | facial |
D. | physical |
Answer» C. facial |
268. |
The process of communication begins when the ____________has a thought or an idea that he wishes to convey to another person |
A. | encoding |
B. | sender |
C. | message |
D. | channel |
Answer» B. sender |
269. |
_________communication takes place through proper channels in the organization |
A. | formal |
B. | informal |
C. | non-verbal |
D. | paralinguistic |
Answer» A. formal |
270. |
An _____________ is a third party to a negotiation who has the authority to dictate an agreement |
A. | arbitrator |
B. | consultant |
C. | motivator |
D. | approcher |
Answer» A. arbitrator |
271. |
The ___________ child of the child ego state acts in ways that are learned from the environment |
A. | natural |
B. | adapted |
C. | small |
D. | big |
Answer» B. adapted |
272. |
In ________________departmentalization a department is formed on the basis of area, territory or region |
A. | geographic |
B. | productive |
C. | functional |
D. | process |
Answer» A. geographic |
273. |
“------------ are social inventions for accomplishing goals through group efforts” |
A. | management |
B. | organization |
C. | leadership |
D. | behavior |
Answer» B. organization |
274. |
Which of the following is/are the key features of organization |
A. | social invention |
B. | accomplishing goals |
C. | group efforts |
D. | all of these |
Answer» D. all of these |
275. |
A study of human behavior in organizational settings is |
A. | individual behavior |
B. | group behavior |
C. | organizational behavior |
D. | none of these |
Answer» C. organizational behavior |
276. |
Scientific Management approach is developed by |
A. | elton mayo |
B. | henry fayol |
C. | f.w. taylor |
D. | a. maslow |
Answer» C. f.w. taylor |
277. |
Who proposed “ bureaucratic structure” is suitable for all organization |
A. | elton mayo |
B. | henry fayol |
C. | f.w. taylor |
D. | max weber |
Answer» D. max weber |
278. |
“Hawthrone experiment” which was a real beginning of applied research in OB was conducted by |
A. | elton mayo |
B. | henry fayol |
C. | f.w. taylor |
D. | max weber |
Answer» A. elton mayo |
279. |
Process or administrative theory of organization is being given by |
A. | elton mayo |
B. | henry fayol |
C. | f.w. taylor |
D. | max weber |
Answer» B. henry fayol |
280. |
Whose concept states that interpersonal and human relations may lead to productivity |
A. | elton mayo |
B. | henry fayol |
C. | f.w. taylor |
D. | max weber |
Answer» A. elton mayo |
281. |
Today’s organization are |
A. | open system |
B. | closed system |
C. | open as well as closed |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. open system |
282. |
Which organization theory can be understood by IF and THEN relationship |
A. | system approach |
B. | contingency approach |
C. | process approach |
D. | scientific approach |
Answer» B. contingency approach |
283. |
Organization Behavior is |
A. | an interdisciplinary approach |
B. | a humanistic approach |
C. | total system approach |
D. | all of these |
Answer» D. all of these |
284. |
Organization Behavior is not a /an |
A. | a separate field of study |
B. | applied science |
C. | normative science |
D. | pessimistic approach |
Answer» D. pessimistic approach |
285. |
“Cognitive theory” of learning was given by |
A. | skinner |
B. | pavlov |
C. | tolman |
D. | piajet |
Answer» D. piajet |
286. |
Extension of behavior modification into organization is called |
A. | enrichment |
B. | enlargement |
C. | ob mod |
D. | ob ext |
Answer» C. ob mod |
287. |
--------------is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience |
A. | behavior modification |
B. | learning |
C. | motivation |
D. | skills |
Answer» B. learning |
288. |
which of the following is / are included as structure of human mind |
A. | id |
B. | ego |
C. | super ego |
D. | all the above |
Answer» D. all the above |
289. |
----------- is largely childish, irrational, never satisfied, demanding and destructive of others |
A. | ego |
B. | super ego |
C. | negative ego |
D. | id |
Answer» D. id |
290. |
------------represent noblest thoughts, ideals etc. |
A. | ego |
B. | super ego |
C. | negative ego |
D. | id |
Answer» B. super ego |
291. |
----------- is reality and practical oriented part of thinking |
A. | ego |
B. | super ego |
C. | negative ego |
D. | id |
Answer» A. ego |
292. |
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is designed to understand |
A. | perception of individual |
B. | personality of individual |
C. | learning of individual |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. personality of individual |
293. |
---------------- is “the reactions of individuals to new or threatening factors in their work environments” |
A. | attitude |
B. | stress |
C. | dissonance |
D. | disappointment |
Answer» B. stress |
294. |
Which of the following is/are not job related source of stress |
A. | role ambiguity |
B. | role overload |
C. | ethical dilemmas |
D. | career concerns |
Answer» D. career concerns |
295. |
Which of the following is/are not organizational factors causing stress |
A. | task demand |
B. | role demand |
C. | role conflict |
D. | satisfaction |
Answer» C. role conflict |
296. |
Which of the following is / are method of managing stress |
A. | job relocation |
B. | career counseling |
C. | recreational facility |
D. | all the above |
Answer» D. all the above |
297. |
Which of the following is / are not a method of managing stress |
A. | time management |
B. | supervisor training |
C. | role analysis techniques (rat) |
D. | rorschach test |
Answer» D. rorschach test |
298. |
-------------- refers to the negotiation or an agreement between two groups |
A. | contracting |
B. | co-opting |
C. | pressure tactics |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. contracting |
299. |
Which of the following methods is/are used to solve intergroup conflicts indirectly |
A. | avoidance |
B. | encouragement |
C. | bargaining |
D. | all of these |
Answer» A. avoidance |
300. |
Which of the following is / are not direct method to solve intergroup conflicts |
A. | problem solving |
B. | domination by the management |
C. | removing key figures in conflict |
D. | persuasion |
Answer» D. persuasion |
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